Allegations of Research Missconduct

The journal takes all allegations of research misconduct seriously and is committed to upholding the principles of academic integrity and publication ethics.

Research misconduct may include, but is not limited to, fabrication or falsification of research data, plagiarism, inappropriate authorship, duplicate publication, citation manipulation, and other practices that violate accepted standards of research integrity.

When an allegation of research misconduct is received, the journal will conduct an initial assessment and may request explanations or supporting evidence from the authors concerned. Where necessary, the journal may consult the relevant institutions, editors, reviewers, or other appropriate parties to investigate the allegation.

All allegations will be handled fairly, confidentially, and objectively, with due consideration given to the rights of all parties involved. Editorial actions will be determined based on the available evidence and the journal's publication ethics policies.

Depending on the findings, actions may include requesting corrections, rejecting a manuscript, issuing a correction or retraction, or notifying the relevant institution when appropriate.

The journal will follow established publication ethics principles and relevant guidelines, including those issued by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), where applicable.