Evolution of Language and of Writing Media in Ancient Yellow-Yangtze River Civillization
Keywords:
Perkembangan, Bahasa, Peradaban Kuno Sungai Kuning-Yangtze
Abstract
During the Shang Dynasty, rebus or divination artifacts appeared on bones, which is the earliest medium for writing Chinese characters. Based on the discovery of boiled artifacts as a medium for writing Chinese characters, we can know that during the Shang Dynasty (1064-1600 BC) there was a language system and a reading and writing system used in a wide area, and the Yangtze River and Yellow River were important factors that supported deployment of the system. The existence of this language system and reading and writing system can mean that this area has developed to the stage of advanced civilization. The research method used is the historiography (history) method. Research begins with selecting a subject or topic which takes place through four main steps, namely, heuristics (searching for sources), criticism (selecting and sorting reliable and valid sources), interpretation (interpretation or meaning) and historiography (writing history). The results of this research are the development and standardization of language that occurred in the Yellow-Yangtze River civilization which includes writing media, vocabulary sounds (phonemes), influenced by social, religious and political factors.
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Behr, W. (2010). Role of language in early Chinese constructions of ethnic identity. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 37(4), 567-587.
Demandt, M. H. (2019). Reaching “the Southern Wilderness”: Expansion and the Formation of the Lingnan Transportation Network during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 63(1-2), 157-194.
Dong, H. (2020). A history of the Chinese language. Routledge.
Falkenhausen, L. (1993). Issues in Western Zhou studies: A review article. Early China, 18, 139-226.
Flad, R. K. (2008). Divination and power: a multiregional view of the development of oracle bone divination in early China. Current Anthropology, 49(3), 403-437.
Galambos, I. (2004). The myth of the Qin unification of writing in Han sources. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 57(2), 181-203.
Havilland, WA., Prins, HEL., McBride, B., Walrath., (2017). Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge. Thomson Wadsworth
Keightley, D. N. (1985). Sources of Shang history: the oracle-bone inscriptions of Bronze Age China. Univ of California Press.
Kurniawan, DA, Nikmah, SF, & Mahardi, NAO (2024). Potret Aspek Pendidikan di Indonesia Pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang (1942-1945). Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) , 8 (1), 695-705.
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Li, H., Chen, J., Cui, J., Wu, X., Yang, Y., Huang, F., & Xu, T. (2020). Production and circulation of bronzes among the regional states in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Journal of Archaeological Science, 121, 105191.
Liu, L., Chen, J., Wang, J., Zhao, Y., & Chen, X. (2022). Archaeological evidence for initial migration of Neolithic Proto Sino-Tibetan speakers from Yellow River valley to Tibetan Plateau. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(51), e2212006119.
Loewe, M., & Shaughnessy, E. L. (Eds.). (1999). The Cambridge history of ancient China: From the origins of civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge University Press.
Macklin, M. G., & Lewin, J. (2015). The rivers of civilization. Quaternary Science Reviews, 114, 228-244.
Norman, J. (1988). Chinese. Cambridge University Press.
Radford, A. (2009). Linguistics: an introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Ruiqing, S. H. E. N. (2019). The monosyllabicization of Old Chinese and the birth of Chinese writing: a hypothesis on the co-evolution of the Chinese language and its writing system. Вопросы языкового родства, (1 (17)), 44-54.
Sagart, L. (1999). The Roots of Old ChinesE (Vol. 184). John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org./10.1075/cilt.184
Schweitzer, A. (1981). The Philosophy of Civilization. {https://books.google.co.id/books?id=BXQcxgEACAAJ}
Sukmana, W. J. (2021). Metode penelitian sejarah. Seri Publikasi Pembelajaran, 1(2), 1-4.
Tao, L., & Qian, G. (2012). Historical perspectives on Chinese written language and literacy education in China. In Perspectives on teaching and learning Chinese literacy in China (pp. 1-17). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Twitchett, D.,& Loewe, M (Ed.). (1986). The Cambridge History of China. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521243278.
Xiao, Z., Ding, M., Li, L., Nie, Y., Pan, J., Li, R., Liu, L., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Divergent Changes of Surface Water and its Climatic Drivers in the Headwater Region of the Three Rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ecological Indicators, 158, 111615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111615
Yong, H., & Peng, J. (2008). Chinese lexicography: A history from 1046 BC to AD 1911. OUP Oxford.
Zhang, H., Ji, T., Pagel, M., & Mace, R. (2020). Dated phylogeny suggests early Neolithic origin of Sino-Tibetan languages. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 20792.
Zhang, M., Yan, S., Pan, W., & Jin, L. (2019). Phylogenetic evidence for Sino-Tibetan origin in northern China in the Late Neolithic. Nature, 569(7754), 112-115.
Zhang, Y., Yin, G., Sheng, G. D., Yu, Z., & Yin, D. (2024). Distribution and spatial variation of volatile methylsiloxanes in surface water and wastewater from the Yangtze River Basin, China. Science of The Total Environment, 929, 172541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172541
Published
2024-09-18
How to Cite
WaisholY., NingrumS., SucahyoI. R., SucahyoI. R., & KiranaA. (2024). Evolution of Language and of Writing Media in Ancient Yellow-Yangtze River Civillization . Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora), 8(2), 12607-12617. https://doi.org/10.36526/santhet.v8i2.3861
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