Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora)
Jurnal Santhet (e-ISSN: 2541-6130 Cetak ISSN 2541-2523) diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, dan terbit enam kali setahun pada bulan Februari, April, Juni, Agustus, Oktober, dan Desember mulai tahun 2025. Sebelumnya, terbit dua kali setahun. Jurnal Santhet mencakup semua bidang dan periode dalam Pendidikan, Pendidikan Sejarah, Sejarah Indonesia, dan Humaniora, membahas semua aspek sejarah, termasuk ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan politik. Semua pendekatan sejarah juga diterima. Jurnal ini menerima berbagai format, termasuk artikel dari forum ilmiah, esai ulasan, dan edisi khusus. Editor juga menerima ulasan buku untuk dipublikasikan di bagian khusus publikasi. Artikel dapat ditulis untuk diserahkan dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris. Terindeks oleh Google Scolar. Jurnal Santhet (e-ISSN: 2541-6130 Print ISSN 2541-2523) is published by the History Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, and is published six times a year in February, April, June, August, October, and December starting in 2025. Previously, it was published twice a year. Jurnal Santhet covers all fields and periods in Education, History Education, Indonesian History, and Humanities, discussing all aspects of history, including economics, social, culture, and politics. All historical approaches are also welcomed. The journal accepts various formats, including articles from scientific forums, review essays, and special issues. The editor also accepts book reviews for publication in a special section of the publication. The articles can be written to be submitted in Indonesian and English. Indexed by Google Scolar.
Proram studi pendidikan Sejarah Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi
NEGOTIATION BETWEEN TRADITIONAL LEADERS AND RELIGIOUS LEADERS IN MANAGING CUSTOMARY CONTROVERSIES CONTRADICTING ISLAMIC LAW IN AEK NABARA BARUMUN
This study examines the negotiation process between traditional leaders and religious leaders in addressing the controversy surrounding same-clan marriages in Aek Nabara Barumun, which are perceived as conflicting with Islamic law. The issue arises because the local community continues to uphold customary regulations prohibiting marriages between individuals of the same clan as a form of respect for cultural values and ancestral heritage, while Islamic teachings permit such marriages as long as no mahram (prohibited kinship) relationship exists. These differing perspectives have generated social dynamics that require resolution through communication and deliberation to prevent conflict within the community. This study aims to understand how the negotiation process is carried out by traditional and religious leaders and to examine the role of negotiation in maintaining a balance between customary values and Islamic principles. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving traditional leaders, religious leaders, community members, and other supporting informants in Aek Nabara Barumun. The findings reveal that deliberation and persuasive approaches constitute the primary mechanisms for resolving the controversy over same-clan marriages. Traditional leaders seek to preserve customary practices as an essential component of the community’s cultural identity, whereas religious leaders emphasize the importance of conformity with Islamic law. The study also finds that the community is more receptive to social compromise than to direct prohibition, as customary traditions continue to hold strong cultural significance. Therefore, negotiation serves as a crucial mechanism for maintaining social harmony and balancing customary traditions with religious values within the community.
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Artificial Intelligence in Notarial Practice: Legal Risks and Ethical Considerations
The accelerating integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into legal services has raised pressing questions about the duties, authority, and ethical boundaries of the notarial profession. This study analyses the legal risks and ethical considerations associated with the use of AI in notarial practice, focusing on the Indonesian normative framework. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and doctrinal approaches, this research examines the Notary Office Act (UUJN), the Electronic Information and Transactions Act (UU ITE), the Personal Data Protection Act (UU PDP), and related regulations alongside scholarly literature on AI and law. The findings show that AI cannot be classified as a legal subject because it lacks the capacity to bear rights and obligations; instead, it functions as a legal object or technological tool whose operation remains under human control. While AI may improve efficiency in document drafting, identity verification, and archival management, its uncritical adoption threatens the principles of physical presence, personal authority, evidentiary value of authentic deeds, and notarial accountability. The study concludes that comprehensive regulatory reform and an updated code of ethics are required so that AI strengthens rather than displaces the notarial profession in the digital era.
HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SOCIAL HARMONY AMONG MULTI-RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES IN THE PETIK LAUT TRADITION OF CANDIKUSUMA VILLAGE - BALI
This study aims to determine the background of the coastal community of Candikusuma Village in carrying out the sea harvest tradition, the forms of collaboration in the sea harvest tradition in Candikusuma Village, and aspects of character education that can be used to develop a history learning supplement in high school. This research is a qualitative study using descriptive methods. Informants in this study were selected by snowball sampling. The informants in this study were the Head of Candikusuma Village, the Head of the Banjar Tirtakusuma Environment, the head of the sea harvest committee, representatives of Hindu religious leaders, representatives of Islamic religious leaders, and representatives of Christian religious leaders. Research data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the background of the sea harvest tradition is carried out as a form of gratitude to God Almighty for the marine products obtained, as well as a request for safety, blessings, and smoothness in carrying out activities as fishermen. Forms of collaboration in the implementation of the sea harvest tradition are seen from the active involvement of the entire community in every stage of the activity, from preparation to the main implementation. Furthermore, the sea harvest tradition encompasses various educational aspects that can be utilized as learning resources in high school history lessons, including spiritual, social, cultural, and historical aspects. This tradition demonstrates the continuity of cultural values and practices passed down from previous generations, making it a contextual and relevant resource for local history learning in students' lives.
THE EFFECT OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (PJBL) MODEL WITH PADLET APPLICATION ON CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF CLASS XI STUDENTS IN HISTORY SUBJECTS AT SMAN 22 EAST JAKARTA
This study aims to analyse the effect of applying the project-based learning (PjBL) model with padlet application on students' critical thinking skills in Indonesian history subjects, especially on ethical politics and national movements. This research used quasi-experimental method with nonequivalent control group design and non-probability sampling technique through purposive sampling. The research subjects consisted of class XI F-I as the experimental group and class XI F-VII as the control group at SMAN 22 East Jakarta, with each group totalling 33 students. The research instrument was a 10-item description test used to measure students' critical thinking skills. The data were analysed using two-party t-test with pooled variance formula, which was conducted with the help of Microsoft Excel 2016 software. The analysis results showed that the tcount value (2.32) ≥ ttable (2.00) at the significance level α = 0.05, so the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) was accepted. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of the project-based learning (PjBL) model with padlet has a significant effect on improving students' critical thinking skills. Therefore, this learning model can be used as an alternative strategy in teaching Indonesian history to develop critical thinking skills more optimally.
DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL CALENDER MEDIA (KARAH) TO IMPROVE HISTORY LEARNING MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS IN CLASS XI OF STATE VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2 PEKANBARU
This study aims to develop learning media based on historical calendars to determine the feasibility of learning media based on historical calendars obtained from the perceptions of Class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Pekanbaru, to determine the increase in historical motivation of Class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Pekanbaru by using historical calendar learning media. The method used in this study is the Research and Development method with the ADDIE model. The validation results by media experts obtained 90% with a very feasible category, material experts obtained 82% with a very feasible category. From the results of the student motivation questionnaire after using the historical calendar media, 83.94% were obtained in the very feasible category and a positive response to the historical calendar learning media by obtaining 96% with a very feasible category. It can be concluded that the historical calendar media learning media can increase the motivation to learn history of class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Pekanbaru.
APPLICATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING TYPE TWO STAY TWO STRAY (TSTS) LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' LEARNING OUTCOMES IN HISTORY SUBJECTS AT SMK KANSAI PEKANBARU
This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in History Learning for class XI TKR at SMK Kansai Pekanbaru through the application of the Cooperative Learning Type Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) learning model. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method which includes the stages of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The research instrument includes the Teaching Module as a learning tool, observation sheets for teachers and students and tests as a data collection tool. This study was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of two meetings. The results of the analysis showed that the increase in student learning outcomes in cycle I was 3 students (16.66%) achieving completion, while 15 students had not completed, so they had not met the target. In cycle II, the number of students who completed increased to 16 students (88.88%) with 2 students who had not completed. This achievement exceeded the classical completion target of 80%. These results indicate that the cooperative learning type Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) model is effective in improving student learning outcomes in history subjects.
Development of Heritage Building-Based Modules in Rokan Regency Hulu as a Source of Learning Local History at SMA Negeri 3 Model Rambah Hilir
This study aims to determine the feasibility of the Heritage building-based module in Rokan Hulu district as a source of learning local history in history subjects at SMA Negeri 3 Rambah Hilir. The use of modules in history learning is very important because students feel bored and have difficulty understanding the learning material. The methods used are qualitative and quantitative. The results of the study indicate that the developed history module is very feasible to use, and students find it easier to understand the history material given. This is evidenced by the results of media expert validation of 97,5%, material expert validation of 87,5%, small group trials of 91,5% and large group trials of 90,5%.
DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL UNO CARD LEARNING MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENTS' LEARNING MOTIVATION ON THE MATERIAL OF COLONIALISM AND INDONESIAN RESISTANCE FOR CLASS XI SMAIT AL FITYAH PEKANBARU
Learning media is vital for school education, yet history lessons often suffer from low student motivation due to traditional narrative methods. An innovative solution is the development of modified History Uno cards, featuring clear text on relevant topics, evaluation questions, and engaging illustrations to boost interactivity and motivation. This media was created using the Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), ensuring a systematic process aligned with student needs and learning goals. The primary aims are to enhance history learning motivation, offer an interactive alternative via Uno cards, and facilitate easier comprehension for students at SMAIT Al Fityah Pekanbaru. Expert validation yielded 86% approval from media specialists and 92% from material experts.
DEVELOPMENT OF POP-UP BOOK MEDIA BASED ON ANIMATED VIDEO ON JAPANESE OCCUPATION MATERIAL FOR STUDENTS OF GRADE XI SMAN 2 SIAK HULU
This research aims to develop an innovative learning media in the form of a Pop-up Book integrated with animated video for teaching the topic of the Japanese occupation in Indonesia to 11th-grade students at SMAN 2 Siak Hulu. The study addresses the limited use of technology-based media in history learning, which is still dominated by conventional lectures and lacks visual learning aids. The development process adopted the ADDIE model, encompassing Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The media was developed using Microsoft PowerPoint and enhanced with 2D and 3D visual elements, then converted into animated video format accessible via smartphones and projectors. Validation was conducted by subject matter experts and media experts, yielding "very feasible" ratings with scores of 85% and 90%, respectively. Student responses in small and large group trials also showed high feasibility scores of 81% and 89%. The results indicate that the media effectively increases student engagement, improves understanding of historical chronology, and supports independent learning. The novelty of this research lies in the digital transformation of Pop-up Book media, offering a more flexible and engaging history learning experience suitable for digital-native students. This media has potential for wider application and further development across other historical themes and subjects.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE SMART KAMPUNG PROGRAM THROUGH THE SIMAS MANDIRI INNOVATION
Genteng Kulon Village leads in public service innovation with its Simas Mandiri program, a technological breakthrough acknowledged and awarded by the Banyuwangi Regent in 2019. Simas Mandiri's initial success was bolstered by adequate resources, encompassing essential hardware (self-service machines, computers, networks), integrated software, and crucial supporting infrastructure for efficient operations. However, Simas Mandiri hasn't reached its full potential due to several challenges. In communication, current socialization efforts are ineffective, as residents still prefer manual services, indicating a need for more impactful strategies. Concerning technology resource management, hardware quality has significantly degraded and failed over time, highlighting an urgent need for routine oversight and proactive maintenance. Additionally, an ambiguous and informal bureaucratic structure causes confusion in task distribution and responsibilities, impeding coordination and accountability. Therefore, to ensure Simas Mandiri's optimal performance and sustainability, strategic improvements are vital in communication approaches, technology asset management, and establishing a more structured bureaucracy.
DEVELOPMENT OF 3D WALL MAGAZINE LEARNING MEDIA TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' COGNITIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE MATERIAL ON THE HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT FOR CLASS XI SMAN 1 LIRIK
This research is a type of Research and Development (R&D) that aims to develop 3D Wall Magazine media to improve students' cognitive understanding of national movement history material in class XI SMA N 1 Lirik. The development model used is the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The subjects of this study consisted of 7 students for the small group trial and 18 students from class XI.3 SMA N 1 Lirik for the large group trial. Data collection instruments included observation, interviews, tests (pretest-posttest), and questionnaires. Data analysis used qualitative and quantitative analysis, including calculations of feasibility percentages and N-gain Scores for media effectiveness.The results showed that the 3D Wall Magazine media is "Very Feasible" to be used in history learning. The assessment from material experts obtained a percentage of 90% and was declared "Very Feasible". The assessment from media experts obtained a percentage of 89% and was declared "Very Feasible". Student responses in the small group trial received a percentage of 81% with the "Very Feasible" category , and in the large group trial, 87% with the "Very Feasible" category.There was an increase in students' cognitive understanding after using the 3D Wall Magazine media, as seen from the pretest and posttest results of both trial groups. In the small group trial, the N-gain score was 0.72 (high category). In the large group trial, the N-gain score was 0.70 (moderate category) , but in the conclusion section, it was categorized as "high". Thus, the 3D Wall Magazine media is quite effective in increasing students' cognitive understanding in the small group trial and effective in the large group trial in increasing students' cognitive understanding of National Movement History material in Class XI.3 SMA N 1 Lirik.
EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEOSCRIBE BASED HISTORY LEARNING VIDEO MEDIA IN IMPROVING LEARNING MOTIVATION OF GRADE X STUDENTS OF SMA N 15 PEKANBARU
This study aims to test the effectiveness of using Videoscribe-based history learning video media in increasing the learning motivation of class X students of SMA N 15 Pekanbaru. The background of this study is the problem of student learning motivation in history learning which is still low, where teachers tend to use conventional methods without varied media, causing boredom. Videoscribe was chosen as an innovative media because of its ability to present dynamic, interactive, and interesting visual animations, which are expected to overcome boredom and improve understanding. The research method used is quantitative with a pre-experimental design (One Group Pretest-Posttest Design) on a sample of 30 students of class X.E SMA N 15 Pekanbaru who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through a learning motivation questionnaire before and after treatment, as well as observation and documentation. The results of the validity test showed that 30 questionnaire statement items were valid, and the Cronbach Alpha reliability test of 0.916 indicated that the instrument was highly reliable. Data analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Levene's Test homogeneity test, which showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. Hypothesis testing using a paired sample t-test showed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 (<0.05), which means there was a significant increase in student learning motivation after using Videoscribe media. The average learning motivation increased from 24.03 (before) to 54.20 (after), with an increase of approximately 30.1667 or 44.34%. The conclusion of this study is that video media for learning history Videoscribe based learning is very effective in increasing motivation learning of class X students of SMA N 15 Pekanbaru.
DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORY LEARNING EVALUATION MEDIA USED BY THE OPEN THE BOX EDUCATIONAL GAME FOR CLASS X OF SMKN 1 SINTUK TOBOH GADANG
This study aims to describe the development of a history learning evaluation media using the Open the Box educational game on the topic of Islamic kingdoms in the Indonesian archipelago with 10th-grade students at SMK Negeri 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang by conducting validity and practicality tests. This research is a developmental research using the 4D model, with the stages of definition, design, and development. Data collection was conducted from a sample of one class with 28 students.The results of the study were as follows: 1) the history learning evaluation media using the Open the Box educational game was produced. 2) the history learning evaluation media met the criteria of "very good," with a material validation result of 96% by material experts, a media validation result of 88% by media experts, and a language validation result of 95% by linguists. Therefore, the history learning evaluation media using the Open the Box educational game is suitable for implementation with students. 3) The practicality of the history learning evaluation media using the Open the Box educational game by teachers was 93%, categorized as "very practical." 4) The practicality of the history learning evaluation media assisted by the Open the Box educational game by students achieved a percentage of 86% with the criteria of very practical.
THE USE OF DIGITAL LEARNING MEDIA BASED ON THE SEESAW WEBSITE IN ASSESSING HISTORY LEARNING SKILLS AT SMA N 9 SIJUNJUNG
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Seesaw website-based digital learning media in assessing history learning skills at SMA N 9 Sijunjung. The method used was a qualitative research with a case study approach, involving 11th-grade students and history teachers as research subjects. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to students and in-depth interviews with teachers. The results showed that the use of Seesaw increased student engagement in the learning process, with an average percentage of learning activities reaching 90.19%. Students reported that the platform made it easier for them to access materials, collaborate in group discussions, and complete assignments more smoothly. Furthermore, teachers also found it easy to provide real-time feedback, which contributed to improving the quality of learning
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAVI MODEL (SOMATIC, AUDITORY, VISUAL, INTELLECTUAL) USING FLASCARDS ON VOC (VEREENIGDE OOSTINDISCHE COMPAGNIE) HISTORY MATERIAL
This study aims to describe the planning and implementation of the SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual) learning model assisted by flashcard media on the history of the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Bunut. The background of this study is the low learning activity of students in history learning which tends to be theoretical and monotonous. The SAVI model was chosen because it involves all aspects of students' learning styles through physical activities, listening, visualization, and reasoning, while flashcards are used as interactive visual media that help understanding the material. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, student response questionnaires, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the planning of the SAVI model was carried out collaboratively between researchers and history teachers, including material selection, preparation of learning steps, and creation of flashcard media. The application of the SAVI model assisted by flashcards was able to increase active student involvement, both in discussing, observing, listening, analyzing, and expressing opinions. Based on the results of the questionnaire, an average percentage of positive responses was obtained of 84,39% (high category). The conclusion of this study is that the application of the SAVI model assisted by flashcards can create an active, enjoyable learning atmosphere and make it easier for students to understand the VOC history materia
COLLABORATIVE ORAL ASSESSMENT: AN AUTHENTIC EVALUATION STRATEGY TO FOSTER STUDENTS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE AND INTEGRITY IN THE DIGITAL ERA (A Systematic Literature Review In Vocational Education Context)
Authentic assessment is challenging in the digital era, as students often rely on search engines and AI. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to explore the role of oral-based collaborative assessment in fostering student self-confidence and academic integrity, particularly in vocational education. Using the PRISMA method, 50 articles published between 2020–2024 were selected from Google Scholar, ERIC, and Scopus, supplemented by classical foundational literature. Findings indicate that oral-based collaborative assessment effectively enhances self-efficacy, strengthens accountability, and promotes honest academic behavior. These insights provide practical guidance for vocational teachers to design authentic, collaborative, and digitally adaptive assessment strategies.
THE USE OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL FLIP CHART TYPE ON STUDENTS' COGNITIVE ABILITY IN HISTORY LEARNING CLASS XI SMA NEGERI 1 TAPUNG HULU
This study aims to determine the effect of using the Cooperative Learning model with Flip Chart media on students' cognitive abilities in History learning for 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Tapung Hulu. The research employed a quantitative approach with a control group pretest-posttest experimental design. The population consisted of all 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Tapung Hulu, totaling 243 students from 8 classes. The sample comprised 30 students from class XI IPAS 3 as the experimental group and 30 students from class XI IPAS 5 as the control group. The research instrument was an objective test consisting of 50 questions, with 30 questions validated and demonstrating high reliability (0.706). Data analysis techniques included the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, homogeneity test, independent samples t-test, and N-Gain test to measure effectiveness. The results showed a significant improvement in the cognitive abilities of experimental class students, with mean scores increasing from 56.93 in the pretest to 82.03 in the posttest, while the control class increased from 51.9 to 67.53. The t-test results showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, leading to the rejection of H₀ and acceptance of Hₐ, indicating a significant influence of the Cooperative Learning model with Flip Chart media on students' cognitive abilities. The N-Gain score of 0.5691 (57%) demonstrates that this learning model is moderately
FROM COMMON SENSE TO REFLECTIVE REALISM: A DIALECTICAL STUDY OF THOMAS REID'S PHILOSOPHY
This study explores Thomas Reid’s philosophy of common sense as a response to the epistemological crisis of the Enlightenment era, marked by skepticism and idealism. Through a dialectical approach, the research examines Reid’s concepts of first principles, direct realism, and moral sense, highlighting their role in restoring trust in reality and moral responsibility. The analysis employs hermeneutic and constructive-dialectical methods to critically assess Reid’s position and its limitations, particularly regarding claims of universality and cultural neutrality. The findings propose a reinterpretation of Reid’s thought into reflective realism and dialogical morality, emphasizing the need for epistemic trust combined with critical openness and ethical dialogue in pluralistic societies. This synthesis offers significant implications for contemporary philosophy of science and ethics, especially in addressing challenges of post-truth and relativism. Reid’s philosophy, when read reflectively, becomes not only a defense of rationality but also a call for intellectual honesty and moral responsibility in navigating modern complexity.
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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PANCASILA STUDENT PROFILE STRENGTHENING PROJECT (P5) IN THE INDEPENDENT CURRICULUM IN HISTORY LEARNING AT SMAN 1 RAMBAH, ROKAN HULU REGENCY
This study discusses the implementation of the Pancasila student profile strengthening project (P5) in the independent curriculum in history learning at SMAN 1 Rambah. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation process of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) in the Independent Curriculum in history learning at SMAN 1 Rambah, to determine the obstacles faced by schools and history teachers in implementing the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) in the Independent Curriculum in history learning at SMAN 1 Rambah, to determine the efforts made by schools and teachers in overcoming obstacles in implementing the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) in the Independent Curriculum in history learning at SMAN 1 Rambah. This study uses a qualitative research method, with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects in this study were the principal, the curriculum vice principal, and the history teacher. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Pancasila student profile strengthening project (P5) in the independent curriculum in history learning at SMAN 1 Rambah has been said to be quite good in its implementation process. The obstacles experienced are the lack of information from the government in implementing P5 in the independent curriculum in schools and the lack of understanding of the school or teachers in implementing the independent curriculum at SMAN 1 Rambah and the lack of understanding of students to learn about P5 in the independent curriculum. The efforts or efforts in implementing P5 are to dig up information on the internet, and take online and offline training, and for teachers to take part in the MGMP program.
Strategic Enhancement of Farmers' Economic Welfare through the Reformulation of Organic Fertilizer Based on Agricultural and Livestock Waste in Bangsring Village, Banyuwangi
Smallholder farmers require substantial quantities of fertilizer; however, they often fail to optimally utilize the abundant local resources available in their environment, such as livestock manure and agricultural waste. This study aims to analyze fertilizer-related challenges faced by smallholder farmers and provide strategic recommendations to enhance self-sufficiency and improve their economic welfare. A questionnaire regarding the use of organic fertilizer was distributed to members of the Bangsring Sejahtera Farmer Group in Banyuwangi. Survey results indicated that all members had heard of organic fertilizer, yet only 20% were familiar with its production process. Furthermore, the majority (80%) of respondents owned livestock and cultivated agricultural land, suggesting a significant availability of unprocessed raw materials for fertilizer production. An organic fertilizer training program was conducted, incorporating pre-test and post-test assessments. The Wilcoxon test revealed a statistically significant improvement in farmers’ knowledge, with a median score increase from 5 (pre-test) to 7 (post-test). The utilization of livestock and agricultural waste—comprising 50% goat/sheep manure, 25% cattle manure, 10% poultry manure, and 15% agricultural residues (coconut husks, rice husks, straw)—resulted in high-quality fertilizer. Training on the use of manure shredders, fertilizer sieves, and branded packaging enhanced production efficiency, improved fertilizer quality, and increased market value. The selling price of fertilizer rose from IDR 800/kg (without modern processing) to IDR 3.300/kg following proper grinding, sieving, and packaging. This directly contributed to increased income for the farmer group.
Navigating Institutional Press: The Psychological Enterprise and Self-Transcendence of Elderly in Nursing Homes
Background: The dominant discourse often positions the elderly in nursing homes as passive recipients of medical care. However, psychologically, they actively engage in Psychological Enterprise to maintain autonomy and well-being amidst institutional limitations. Objective: This study explores the psychological enterprise of the elderly in nursing homes through the integrated lens of Maslow’s self-transcendence and Murray’s psychogenic needs and press. Method: A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 elderly residents (aged 65-82) in a nursing home in Tondano, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Results: The findings reveal two major themes: (1) Elderly actively pursue self-transcendence (spirituality and generativity), bypassing the lower tiers of Maslow's hierarchy; (2) A constant friction exists between Murray’s psychogenic needs (affiliation, nurturance, autonomy) and negative institutional press (rigid schedules, restricted visits). To cope, the elderly develop adaptive psychological enterprises, balancing compliance with subtle assertions of independence. Conclusion: Nursing homes must shift from a purely medical-care model to a psychogenically empowering environment that accommodates the elderly's need for meaning and autonomy.
Educational Leadership in Developing Character-Based Graduate Profiles
Educational leadership plays a vital role in shaping graduate profiles that combine academic excellence with strong character values. In the Indonesian context, especially in Muhammadiyah schools, character-based education is integrated into academic and spiritual development. This study aims to analyze the concept of educational leadership in developing character-based graduate profiles, the strategies used by school leaders, and the challenges faced during implementation. The results highlight the importance of visionary leadership, curriculum integration, school culture, teacher professionalism, and stakeholder collaboration in strengthening graduates’ character formation
An Analysis of the Quality of Odd Semester Final Examination Items in Indonesian History Subject for Grade XII Social Science Students at SMAN 7 Kota Serang Academic Year 2024/2025
This study aims to analyze the quality of test items used in the Odd Semester Final Examination (Penilaian Akhir Semester/PAS) for the Indonesian History subject of Grade XII Social Science students at SMAN 7 Kota Serang in the 2024/2025 academic year. The analysis focuses on the appropriateness of the items in terms of content, construction, and language, as well as their psychometric characteristics, including validity, reliability, difficulty level, discrimination power, and distractor effectiveness. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach. The subjects were Grade XII Social Science students, and data were collected through documentation of test items and students’ answer sheets. The data were analyzed descriptively using an item review format and quantitatively using Microsoft Excel and Anates version 4. The results indicate that, overall, the quality of the test items was fairly good and aligned with the basic competencies. However, several items were found to be inconsistent with the specified indicators and required improvement in terms of construction and language. The item validity analysis showed that 60% of the items were valid, while 40% were invalid. The reliability coefficient was 0.52, indicating a moderate level of reliability. In terms of discrimination power, the items ranged from weak to very good, while the difficulty level analysis revealed that most items were categorized as moderate. Regarding distractor effectiveness, some items contained less functional distractors. This study highlights the importance of systematic item analysis to ensure the quality of assessment instruments and recommends continuous collaboration among teachers, schools, and the MGMP to improve learning evaluation practices.
Analysis of Teacher and Parent Collaboration in Learning Management to Strengthen the Character of Early Childhood
Strengthening the character of early childhood is important in education, but it is still hampered by suboptimal collaboration between teachers and parents. This study aims to describe the forms of collaboration, learning management, and implementation of character building in early childhood education. Qualitative research using a case study approach was conducted at the Bunga Desa PAUD in Blora Regency and the Tunas Siswa 1 PAUD in Rembang Regency through interviews, observations, and documentation analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that collaboration was established through intensive communication, regular meetings, WhatsApp groups, and parental involvement in school activities. Learning was managed in a planned manner through a play-based learning approach, teacher role modeling, and routine habits that instilled the values of discipline, responsibility, and independence. This study concluded that character building in early childhood will be optimal if supported by continuous collaboration between teachers and parents and the continuity of habits at school and at home.
SANTET BANYUWANGI: THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN STIGMA AND CULTURE POST-REFORMATION 1998
The violence directed against alleged practitioners of witchcraft (santet) in Banyuwangi in 1998 resulted in a significant loss of life and left a lasting stigma on santet, which had long been embedded in the everyday cultural practices of the Osing community. This incident transformed the meaning of santet and contributed to its use as a subject of ridicule toward the Osing people of Banyuwangi. This study aims to examine Banyuwangi santet as an arena of contestation between social stigma and local cultural roots. Employing the historical method and drawing upon a socio-cultural methodological framework, this research reconstructs santet both as an element of intangible cultural heritage and as a historical phenomenon associated with the witchcraft and “ninja” violence that emerged in Banyuwangi during the post-Reformasi period. The findings indicate that the santet issue originated from a complex horizontal conflict that generated widespread social unrest at the grassroots level and later evolved into a vertical conflict characterized by allegations that the perpetrators of the violence were hired assassins referred to as “ninjas.” The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of these dynamics while simultaneously contributing recommendations for culturally based reconciliation and trauma recovery as preventive measures against the recurrence of similar incidents in communities that remain vulnerable to rumors and cultural violence. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the unresolved legal status of this tragedy illustrates how stigma can reinforce collective violence, while the culture of santet itself is often misunderstood despite representing a complex form of local cultural heritage and wisdom.
THE MEANING OF BIBIT, BEBET, BOBOT IN THE SELECTION OF PARTNERS : A STUDY OF PARENTS AND CHILDREN IN JAVA
The concept of bibit, bebet, and bobot represents a traditional cultural framework used by Javanese families in selecting potential life partners. Despite social and cultural transformations in modern society, this value system continues to influence parental perspectives and family decision-making. This study aims to explore the meaning of bibit, bebet, and bobot in partner selection as interpreted by parents and children, and to understand how these values are communicated within the family context. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through semi-structured focused group discussions involving a pair of parents and one adult child of Javanese ethnicity in Surabaya, as well as netnographic analysis of TikTok videos and public comments discussing the relevance of bibit, bebet, and bobot. The findings indicate that these values remain significant as moral, social, and cultural considerations in choosing a partner. Parents tend to emphasize traditional interpretations related to family background, economic stability, and moral character, while the younger generation interprets these values more flexibly in accordance with contemporary contexts. Communication through storytelling and personal narratives plays a crucial role in transmitting and negotiating these values across generations. This study concludes that bibit, bebet, and bobot remain relevant in modern society when communicated openly and adaptively, allowing negotiation between tradition and present-day relational needs.
Uncovering the Historical Traces of the Mothik: A Reconstruction of a Traditional Weapon Unique to Ponorogo
The mothik is a traditional weapon typical of Ponorogo with a deep history and strong symbolic meaning, especially as a weapon of identity for the warok (warok). This weapon is specifically designed for short-range self-defense with a single-hit mechanism. The existence of the mothik has experienced sharp ups and downs. Once a trend and widely adopted by the community in the pre- and post-independence eras (1950s-1960s), its presence declined sharply and disappeared from the public sphere since the 1970s due to mass confiscation policies by law enforcement officials for security reasons. However, at the end of 2024, the momentum for its preservation was revived through the formation of the Pangreksa Mothik Ponorogo (Pramono) association. This study aims to examine the origins, physical specifications, various forms, and historical dynamics of the mothik weapon in Ponorogo using historical research methods that include heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that the mothik transformed from a technical defense tool into a cultural heirloom with economic value and a prestigious symbol of Ponorogo Regency's identity.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIRTUAL REALITY LEARNING MEDIA BASED ON CANDI KEDATON MUARA JAMBI IN ENHANCING HISTORICAL AWARENESS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT SMA PANGUDI LUHUR SEDAYU
History learning in Indonesian senior high schools faces a paradox in which the curriculum mandates the formation of historical awareness while classroom practice still relies on conventional methods such as textbooks, slide presentations, and online videos. Local heritage sites that could anchor meaningful learning often remain geographically inaccessible to most students. This study addresses that gap by examining the effectiveness of a virtual reality learning medium based on Candi Kedaton Muara Jambi in enhancing the historical awareness of tenth-grade students at SMA Pangudi Luhur Sedayu. A 360-degree video integrated with virtual reality was developed using a Research and Development approach with the ADDIE model and was validated by media and content experts. The product was implemented through a quasi-experimental design involving 64 students divided into experimental and control classes of 32 students each. Historical awareness data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire administered as pre-test and post-test, and the data were analysed using SPSS 25 with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene, paired-sample t-test, and independent-sample t-test. The findings indicate that the experimental class improved from a mean of 75.83 to 84.91 while the control class moved from 74.96 to 78.53. The independent-sample t-test produced a significance value of 0.000, confirming that the virtual reality medium has a statistically significant effect on historical awareness. The novelty of this study lies in connecting students directly with a specific Hindu-Buddhist site located outside Java through immersive technology, focusing measurement on the affective construct of historical awareness, and providing strong empirical support through a rigorous quasi-experimental design.
Community Capacity Development for Agrotourism Transformation in Sukaresmi Village, Bogor Regency
Sukaresmi Village, located in Megamendung District, Bogor Regency, possesses significant horticultural potential for agro-tourism development; however, its progress remains constrained by limited community capacity. This study aims to assess the community’s cognitive capacity in supporting agro-tourism development based on Bloom’s Taxonomy. A quantitative approach was employed through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents, complemented by field observations and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Likert scale measurement and interval analysis to determine the level of community capacity. The findings indicate that community capacity across all Bloom’s Taxonomy indicators is categorized as moderate, with scores ranging from 53.04% to 55.94%. The knowledge dimension achieved the highest score, whereas the evaluation dimension recorded the lowest. These results suggest that the community possesses a basic understanding of agritourism and has begun to apply agricultural and tourism concepts in practical activities. Nevertheless, higher-order cognitive abilities, particularly in analysis, synthesis, and evaluation, remain relatively limited. This study underscores that the success of agritourism development depends not only on natural resource potential but also on the quality of human resources within the community. Therefore, systematic, sustainable, and practice-based capacity-building initiatives are necessary to enhance community competence in managing agro-tourism in a more innovative, adaptive, and competitive manner. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of experiential learning and pentahelix collaboration in supporting sustainable community-based agro-tourism development.
Contemphory Socio-Cultural Religious Phenomena In Indonesia
Contemporary religiosity in Indonesia has experienced significant transformation along with the development of digital technology, popular culture, and social dynamics among young Muslims. This study aims to analyze new forms of Islamic expression such as digital da’wah, hijrah communities, Muslim fashion trends, and identity dilemmas within modern social interactions. A qualitative approach was applied through literature review and online observation (netnography) of da’wah content on social media and relevant scholarly sources. The data were analyzed using reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques based on Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The results indicate that young Muslims demonstrate adaptive and flexible religiosity, with social media serving as an effective creative platform for religious dissemination, while Islamic symbols appear through lifestyle practices including Muslim fashion and community activities. Nevertheless, challenges include the risk of religious commodification, simplification of teachings, and shifting authority from traditional scholars to digital figures. This study concludes that Islam in Indonesia functions as a dynamic socio-cultural practice that remains relevant to current youth demands while still requiring spiritual reinforcement to avoid becoming merely a cultural trend.
Custom, Architecture and Language: A Preliminary Study of Minangkabau-Negeri Sembilan Cultural Discussion in Contemporary Era (1968-2025)
The reestablished relationship between Minangkabau and Negeri Sembilan since 1968 has given rise to two distinct perspectives in the cultural discussion, that are: Negeri Sembilan as a component of Minangkabau culture, and Negeri Sembilan as a distinctive cultural entity within the Malay world. This study aims to uncover the perceptions formed in the scholarly discourse on the Minangkabau-Negeri Sembilan relationship from a historical perspective and to elucidate the factors contributing to these perceptions. The research was conducted using a semi-systematic review model, employing a historical perspective and methodology. The data collected consist of scholarly books and academic articles that examine the relationship between Minangkabau and Negeri Sembilan. Findings reveal three major thematic topics. In the realm of tradition, Adat Perpatih is compared with Minangkabau Tradition. Regarding architecture, numerous studies have been undertaken to reveal the influences on Negeri Sembilan Traditional Houses, including comparisons with Rumah Gonjong, or the resulting evolution that incorporates local values. In terms of language, the Negeri Sembilan language is regarded either as a dialect of Minangkabau or of Malay, with each position having its own supporting arguments. This article can serve as a foundational step for advancing the history of Minangkabau-Negeri Sembilan relations.
HARMONY AMONG RELIGIUS COMMUNITIES IN BAGOREJO VILLAGE SRONO DISTRICT
Religious diversity phenomenon in Bagorejo Village is one of the multicultural social conditions among societies in daily life whice cannot be separated. The country’s constitution provides freedom to choose religion and carry out worship according to the their religious beliefs. The aim of this study is to determine the interfaith harmony background, examine the implementation of interfaith harmony background, examine the implementation of interfaith harmony, as well explore the character values of interfaith harmony in Bagorejo village, Srono District. This study uses qualitative approach with a descriptive research thpe. The data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentation. The data validity test technique used is data triangulation, namely researcher triangulation, theory triangulation, and method triangulation. The study result shows that Bagorejo Village still maintains interfaith harmony. Is is based on tolerance, mutual cooperation, and upholds the importance of brotherhood among communities. A sense of tolerance can be seen in the daily life among societies in Bagorejo village during religious and social events. It creates character values such as tolerance, mutual cooperation, and brotherhood in society, which are reflected in interfaith harmony in Bagorejo Village.
FROM OKINAWA TO JAVA: RECORDS OF RYUKYU KINGDOM LETTERSTO MAJAPAHIT
This article examines the fifteenth-century diplomatic and trade relations between the Ryukyu Kingdom (Okinawa, Japan) and the Majapahit Kingdom (Java) on the basis of six letters recorded in the Rekidai Hōan. Dated between 1430 and 1442 CE, these documents provide concrete evidence of official Ryukyuan missions to Majapahit and allow a closer reconstruction of how inter-kingdom communication was conducted across maritime Asia. The letters indicate exchanges of high-value goods—such as brocade textiles, porcelain, and weapons—whose circulation functioned not only as economic transactions but also as markers of status and political recognition within a wider regional order. Although surviving references to Majapahit’s return gifts are limited, the repeated dispatch of missions suggests a sustained expectation of reciprocity and mutual acknowledgement, as well as an interest in opening or maintaining commercial channels. The study highlights Ryukyu’s strategic role as a maritime intermediary linking East and Southeast Asia, while also affirming Majapahit’s wide-ranging maritime diplomacy near the end of its golden era. Despite its relatively short duration, this contact illustrates the complex dynamics of precolonial inter-polity relations, shaped by negotiation of rank, commodity mobility, and seaborne networks across Asia.
THE MEANING OF KUMAWUS CULTURE IN THE TRADITIONS OF THE MINAHASA COMMUNITY
The Kumawus tradition is one of the traditions in the Minahasa region created by the ancestors of the Minahasa tribe. This study aims to explore in-depth knowledge of family activities in the implementation of Kumawus and to explain the symbolic meaning contained in this tradition. The method used is descriptive with primary and secondary data sources, this study uses survey techniques, direct observation with interview instruments. The research location is in the Minahasa Regency of North Sulawesi. Data analysis was carried out through qualitative data analysis. This study produces a form of positive cultural meaning, through the tradition in the Kumawus activity which is one form of community efforts to maintain regional culture, amidst the rapid flow of modern socio-cultural changes. In the Kumawus activity, the community is involved, especially the younger generation, to explore the symbolic meaning in socio-cultural and religious culture that is interpreted personally, family and in the community environment as local wisdom in the Minahasa region.
ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL GOVERNANCE OF REGIONAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN ROAD CLEANLINESS MANAGEMENT AT THE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE OFFICE OF MADIUN CITY
This study aims to analyze the governance of regional government organizations in street cleanliness management implemented by the Madiun City Environmental Agency. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive approach. Informants in this study include several parties directly involved in the implementation of street cleanliness management, including the Head of the Madiun City Environmental Agency, the Head of the Sanitation or Waste Division, street cleaners, and eight community members living in the area where the street cleanliness is managed. Data collection techniques used documentation and interviews. Data analysis in this study employed qualitative descriptive analysis. The research results indicate that street cleanliness management in Madiun City has been running quite well, but still requires improvement, particularly in terms of community participation and equitable program implementation
FAILURE TO BECOME A TNI SOLDIER: A PENOMONOLOGICAL STUDY OF YOUTH ASPIRATIONS IN INDONESIA
Failure is a situation where someone is unable to achieve their desires or achieve their desired goals. There are many ways to deal with failure for someone who experiences failure. This study aims to determine how young people respond to failure and shift the form of failure from TNI Soldiers to professions outside the TNI Soldier. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach. Ten Respondents were randomly selected from different regions. Data collection techniques used were through interviews and analysis techniques through Creswell's steps, from organizing data to presenting and visualizing it with the help of Atlas TI software. The results showed that those who had experienced failure to become TNI Soldiers responded almost uniformly to negative and positive responses. Negative responses mostly mentioned a lack of transparency in the selection process and the absence of support and "backing". Meanwhile, positive responses, Respondents realized that success requires hard work and long preparation. Sincerity, patience, acceptance of circumstances and enthusiasm in seeking alternative professions outside the TNI Soldier, and belief in God's destiny were forms of self-evaluation of the Respondents. The results of this study are expected to help young people in Indonesia who want to become TNI soldiers, on how to prepare themselves and how to respond if they fail to achieve their dreams..
Outdoor Laboratories in Social Studies Learning: A Systematic Review and Pedagogical Implications
Social science faces the challenge of bridging the gap between theoretical concepts and the dynamics of social reality. Conventional learning models tend to limit learning experiences, making it difficult to understand the complexity of an ever-changing social reality. This study aims to identify forms of outdoor laboratories and learning models that can support the learning process in the social sciences. The research method employed a literature review, with literature searches conducted through Publish or Perish, Consensus, Google Scholar, Gate, and Scopus using the keywords: "outdoor laboratory, outdoor activity, social science laboratory, living laboratory, and outdoor learning. Data analysis used thematic analysis to identify key patterns in the concepts, implementation, and impacts of outdoor laboratory-based learning. The results indicate that outdoor laboratories have been understood as spaces for knowledge production grounded in direct interaction with communities. Suitable learning models include outdoor learning with a design thinking approach and the Living Lab model, which emphasizes social innovation. The use of outdoor laboratories has a positive impact on cognitive aspects by enhancing critical thinking, analytical skills, and problem-solving abilities, as well as on social-emotional aspects by strengthening leadership character and awareness of environmental and local cultural issues. However, its implementation faces challenges related to human resources, infrastructure limitations, and integration with the formal curriculum. This research contributes to the development of a conceptual framework for outdoor laboratories to facilitate more contextual, authentic, and meaningful social science learning.
The Repetition of the Dialogue ‘Hi, I’m Sore’ as a Dramaturgical Technique in Character Development in the Movie Sore: Wife from the Future
This study aims to analyze the function of the repeated dialogue “Hi, I’m Sore…” as a dramaturgical technique in character development in the film Sore: Wife from the Future and to examine its implications for performing arts education. The film Sore depicts a woman (the Wife) trapped in a romantic time travel scenario in an effort to save Jo (the Husband). Repetition in a performance piece is not merely textual repetition but a dramatic device capable of building emotional intensity, intensifying conflict, and marking the transformative development of a character. This study employs a qualitative method with a dramaturgical analysis approach, focusing on the development of conflict and shifts in the meaning of dialogue with each recurrence. Data collection techniques involved textual and visual observation of scenes containing the dialogue in question. The results indicate that the same dialogue undergoes a shift in meaning as the relationships between characters and the dynamics of conflict evolve, thereby functioning as a dramatic strategy to underscore the characters’ psychological growth. Furthermore, these findings hold pedagogical relevance for performing arts education, particularly as a model for exercises in emotional exploration and textual interpretation for performing arts students. Dialogue repetition can be utilized as a training method to understand character transformation through variations in intensity, gestures, and different dramatic contexts. Thus, this study affirms that the technique of repetition in film can serve as a conceptual and practical reference in the development of performing arts teaching strategies. The analysis shows that repetition appears in the form of the repetition of daily habits in dialogue, situations, and interactions between characters. This repetition is not static but rather a shift in meaning that reflects the psychological development of the character’s role. Jonathan’s character transformation is evident in stages, evolving from an indifferent attitude to one that is more self-aware, reflective, and responsible for his life.
THE RELATIONSHIP THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONFIDENCE AND STUDENT LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN HISTORY LEARNING FOR GRADE X AT SMA NEGERI 6 PONTIANAK
Psychological dimensions of academic performance have long been underexplored in history education contexts, yet self-confidence emerges as a variable of considerable theoretical weight. Anchored within a quantitative correlational design, this investigation recruited 83 tenth-grade students drawn from a broader population of 281 as its primary research subjects. Two instruments anchored the data collection process: a structured self-confidence questionnaire and documented achievement scores in history subjects, both administered to capture the interplay between affective disposition and academic output. Statistical interrogation of the data employed the Pearson Product Moment correlation technique, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.804 alongside a significance level of 0.000 (<0.05). Such figures are, frankly, difficult to dismiss. The magnitude of this association signals that self-confidence does not merely accompany strong academic results in history learning, it actively contributes to them. What the numbers ultimately illuminate is a pattern both statistically robust and pedagogically meaningful: students operating with higher self-confidence demonstrate correspondingly elevated learning achievement. Beyond the numerical argument, these results furnish empirical grounding for the broader claim that psychological factors warrant deliberate attention in educational frameworks, particularly within history education where interpretive confidence and expressive engagement carry disproportionate weight. The study thus reinforces an often intuited but insufficiently documented truth, that cultivating students' inner assurance is not peripheral to academic success but rather structurally intertwined with it.
INTERLANGUAGE RESTRUCTURING IN LEGO-MEDIATED GRAMMAR LEARNING AMONG YOUNG EFL LEARNERS
Grammar acquisition remains one of the most challenging aspects of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning, particularly for young learners who often experience difficulties in understanding English morphosyntactic systems such as the Simple Present Tense. This study investigates how young EFL learners demonstrate interlanguage restructuring during Lego-mediated grammar learning through visual-symbolic learning activities. A descriptive qualitative design with classroom action research procedures was employed in this study. Data were collected through classroom observation, learners’ sentence construction tasks, interviews, and questionnaires. The analysis focused on identifying interlanguage features such as auxiliary misuse, subject–verb disagreement, verb inflection errors, and sentence transformation difficulties.The findings revealed that learners initially produced various interlanguage forms, including incorrect auxiliary usage and incomplete subject–verb agreement. However, after participating in Lego-mediated learning activities, learners gradually demonstrated more target-like grammatical constructions. The use of color-coded Lego structures appeared to increase learners’ grammatical awareness by making morphosyntactic relationships more visually salient. The findings further suggest that visual-symbolic mediation facilitated learners’ noticing of grammatical patterns and supported interlanguage restructuring during Simple Present Tense acquisition. Therefore, Lego-mediated grammar learning may provide valuable support for young EFL learners in developing English morphosyntactic competence.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATION OF THE HEAD OF THE NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AGENCY NUMBER 9 OF 2008 CONCERNING RAPID RESPONSE TEAM PROCEDURES
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Regulation of the Head of the National Disaster Management Agency Number 9 of 2008 concerning the Procedures of the Rapid Response Team (TRC) in Ngawi Regency in efforts to conduct disaster management in a rapid, accurate, and coordinated manner. This research applies the policy implementation theory perspectives of Donald Van Meter and Carl Van Horn, which emphasize six variables of successful policy implementation: policy standards and objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agencies, attitudes or dispositions of implementers, inter-organizational communication, and social, economic, and political environments. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that the implementation of the Rapid Response Team procedures in Ngawi Regency has generally been carried out in accordance with existing regulations, particularly in the aspects of initial coordination and emergency response. However, the implementation process still faces several obstacles, including limited human resources with specialized disaster management competencies, inadequate supporting facilities and infrastructure, and logistical distribution challenges caused by geographical conditions and difficult terrain. In addition, inter-agency coordination is a crucial factor that greatly determines the effectiveness and success of disaster response efforts in Ngawi Regency.
THE TRADITON OF PALEMBANG WEDDING AS A SOURCE OF HISTORY LEARNING
This study aims to examine the historical values, cultural meanings, and educational significance embedded in the Palembang traditional marriage ceremony, as well as its relevance as an authentic history learning resource at the senior high school level. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method using a case study approach. Data were collected through observations conducted at SMAN 3 Palembang and the Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, customary authorities, cultural practitioners, and history teachers, as well as document analysis. The findings reveal that the Palembang traditional marriage ceremony preserves authentic historical traces inherited from the era of the Sriwijaya Kingdom and later refined during the reign of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II of the Palembang Sultanate. The ceremony embodies noble values, including mutual respect, deliberation, commitment, responsibility, sincerity, and family unity. As a living cultural heritage, this tradition serves as an effective history learning resource by connecting the past with the present, enabling students to gain a deeper understanding of local history while fostering historical awareness, cultural pride, and positive character development. It can be concluded that integrating the Palembang traditional marriage ceremony into history education significantly enhances students' understanding of local history and strengthens their cultural identity within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum.
The "Discoverer" of Pancasila and The Abuse of History in Indonesian School Textbooks
This study examines the controversy surrounding the "discoverer" of Pancasila, its representation in Indonesian school textbooks, and its pedagogical implications. The controversy stems from conflicting textbook narratives, with some portraying Sukarno as the sole figure who articulated the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, while others attribute the proposal of Pancasila to several members of the BPUPK. Using the historical method combined with qualitative content analysis, this study examines Pancasila and History textbooks alongside primary sources, including the official BPUPK minutes, testimonies of historical participants, and relevant historiographical scholarship. The analysis is guided by Marc Ferro's framework on the use and abuse of history. The findings show that the controversy originated in a historiographical construction developed during the New Order period and subsequently reproduced through school textbooks. Source criticism further reveals that the documents used to support Muhammad Yamin's claim as the first proposer of Pancasila lack sufficient authenticity and credibility. The study also identifies selective use of evidence, omission of critical information, and unequal representation of historical actors. It concludes that history instruction should incorporate digitally accessible primary sources to foster source criticism, historical literacy, and critical thinking, while textbook development should be grounded in rigorous historical scholarship.
THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND PERSONALITY TRAITS ON PERSONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR AMONG STUDENTS AT MUHAMMADIYAH 5 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SAMARINDA
This study investigates the impact of financial literacy and personality factors on personal financial management behaviours among eighth-grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Samarinda. The study employed a quantitative descriptive methodology with a saturated sample of 60 pupils. Data were gathered via a four-point Likert scale questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression in SPSS 25. The findings indicate that financial literacy significantly enhances personal financial management behaviour, whereas personality factors exert no notable partial effect. Financial literacy and personality factors concurrently exert a substantial influence on personal financial management behaviour, with the model accounting for 40% of the variance. The results demonstrate that financial literacy significantly influences students' financial management behaviour, but personality factors have a comparatively lesser impact in this research environment. Consequently, enhancing financial literacy teaching in junior high schools is essential to promote sound financial practices among adolescents.
TRANSFORMING PUBLIC ORGANIZATION CULTURE TOWARDS MORE RESPONSIVE SERVICES
The transformation of public organizational culture has become a strategic issue in improving the responsiveness of public services amid increasingly complex and dynamic societal demands. This study aims to systematically examine the role of public organizational culture transformation in fostering more responsive, adaptive, and accountable public services. The research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of scholarly articles published between 2020 and 2025, sourced from Google Scholar. Data were analyzed using a content analysis approach to identify key themes and patterns across the literature. The findings indicate that public service responsiveness is shaped by civil servant professionalism, adaptive leadership, service innovation and digitalization, institutional change, and consistent regulatory and governance support. Organizational culture transformation extends beyond technological adoption to encompass changes in values, work ethics, and service orientation. This study concludes that transforming public organizational culture is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving public services that are citizen-oriented, transparent, and sustainable.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GREAT CHILD (AHE) METHOD IN READING LEARNING AT AHE KARANG WOTAN
This study aims to describe the development of AHE Karang Wotan, the community’s response to its presence, and the implementation of the Anak Hebat (AHE) Method in early reading instruction, including its challenges and solutions. This research employs a qualitative case study design with founders, tutors, students, and parents as subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles & Huberman interactive model. Initial problems identified include students’ low reading ability, difficulty recognizing letters and syllables, and low motivation, worsened by limited facilities and minimal parental support. The findings show that the implementation of the AHE method through six stages brain exercise, remediation, module reading, enrichment, writing, and games effectively improves students’ early reading skills. AHE Karang Wotan has also grown significantly since its establishment in 2020, marked by increased student enrollment and strong community support. Challenges were addressed through tutor training, simple media utilization, and strengthened communication with parents.
THE YANBU'A AND QIRO'ATI METHODS IN LEARNING THE QUR'AN AT TPQ AISYIYAH JATI KULON KUDUS
Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPQ) plays an important role in fostering the ability to read the Qur'an, however, TPQ Aisyiyah Kudus still faces several obstacles, namely not having its own building, limited learning facilities, and the uneven reading ability of students. This study aims to understand the history of the establishment of TPQ Aisyiyah Kudus and describe the teaching activities carried out. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that TPQ Aisyiyah applies the Yanbu'a method at the volume level and the Qiro'ati method at the advanced learning. Learning is carried out individually, so that teachers can provide direct guidance to correct students' reading errors. Community support through infaq and religious activities helps maintain the continuity of the learning process. Although facilities and infrastructure are limited, the consistency of learning methods and the role of teachers are able to support the improvement of students' accuracy of makhraj, reading fluency, and tajwid understanding.
The Representation Of Women's Empowerment In Song Lyrics On Yura Yunita Tutur Batin Album
This research aims to describe the representation of women's empowerment in song lyrics on Yura Yunita's album Tutur Batin. This album was selected because it addresses themes of self-acceptance, emotional strength, and women's struggles against patriarchal norms. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a feminist literary criticism perspective. The data, consisting of song lyrics, were analyzed based on aspects of women's empowerment including self-awareness, control over life, courage in decision-making, and efforts to resist social standards that limit women. Data collection techniques utilized documentation study, while data analysis involved data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research findings indicate that the song lyrics in the Tutur Batin album represent women's empowerment through reflective narratives, self-affirmation, and strengthening of women's identity as empowered and emotionally independent individuals. Women's empowerment is portrayed through processes of self-acceptance, emotional healing, and rejection of unjust social demands. This research contributes to feminist literary studies and broadens understanding of music as a medium for advocacy and representation of women's empowerment.
ANALYSIS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IN E-KTP SERVICES AT THE POPULATION AND CIVIL REGISTRATION SERVICE OF NGAWI REGENCY IN 2025
Population administration is a form of public service that plays a crucial role in ensuring the certainty of citizens' legal identity and supporting orderly population administration. The success of the Electronic Identity Card (E-KTP) service is greatly influenced by the implementation of good governance principles, including transparency, accountability, participation, and fairness. This study aims to determine the implementation of the grants policy in the religious sector in Madiun Regency. The type of research that the writer uses is descriptive quantitative research. The population in this study were (1) the employees of the Welfare Section of the Regional Secretariat of Madiun Regency were 6 people; and (2) Management of Community Organizations (Takmir Masjid and Mushola, etc.) recipients of 79 grants from the Madiun Regency Government. So that the population in this study was 85 people. The data collection techniques used questionnaires, documentation and interviews. While the data analysis in this study used a qualitative descriptive analysis. This study concludes that the application of good governance principles positively contributes to improving the quality of e-KTP services and supports the realization of orderly population administration. Therefore, strengthening public digital literacy, increasing the capacity of service personnel, optimizing the use of information technology, and strengthening oversight mechanisms and public participation are necessary to sustainably improve the quality of population administration services.
Analysis of the Local Potential of the Balik Tribe Community as a Sustainable Development Plan in the Capital City of Nusantara
The development of the Indonesian Capital City (IKN) as the new center of government in Indonesia has brought significant changes to the lives of local communities, including the Balik Tribe. This study aims to analyze the impact of IKN development on the social, cultural, and economic aspects of the Balik Tribe community, as well as to identify local potential that can be developed as an adaptation strategy. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that IKN development has a positive impact in the form of increased economic access, the opening of employment opportunities, and opportunities for business development based on local potential. However, there are also negative impacts, such as threats to the preservation of cultural identity, limited access to resources, and potential marginalization due to competition with newcomers. The Balik Tribe has various local potentials, including cultural wisdom, natural resources, and the ability to adapt economically through business diversification, which can be important capital in facing these changes. Therefore, systematic support from the government and stakeholders is needed through empowerment programs, training, and protection of indigenous peoples' rights to ensure the sustainability and welfare of local communities amidst the IKN development.