Praperlakuan Amonia Berbantuan Gelombang Mikro Terhadap Lignoselulosa Kulit Nanas: Delignifikasi dan Karakterisasi Struktur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36526/jc.v8i2.9177Keywords:
delignifikasi, karakterisasi struktur, kulit nanas, lignoselulosa, praperlakuan gelombang mikroAbstract
Kulit nanas merupakan residu lignoselulosa yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku gula fermentabel, tetapi matriks ligninnya membatasi aksesibilitas selulosa. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi praperlakuan amonia berbantuan gelombang mikro menggunakan NH₃ 0,03 M pada daya 600 W selama 5 menit. Komposisi lignoselulosa ditentukan dengan prosedur analisis yang diadaptasi, sedangkan gugus fungsi, morfologi permukaan, dan struktur kristalin dikaji menggunakan FTIR, SEM, dan XRD. Praperlakuan menurunkan kadar lignin dari 21,94% menjadi 10,72%, setara dengan penyisihan lignin sebesar 51,16%, sementara kadar selulosa tetap stabil pada kisaran 34%. Fraksi relatif hemiselulosa meningkat dari 44,51% menjadi 54,94%. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan pelemahan pita yang berkaitan dengan lignin, SEM memperlihatkan permukaan yang lebih terbuka dan berpori, serta XRD menunjukkan puncak selulosa-I yang lebih tajam di sekitar 2θ = 22°. Praperlakuan tersebut efektif memodifikasi struktur kulit nanas pada kondisi operasi yang ringan dan singkat.
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