EVALUATION OF RIVER WATER QUALITY THROUGH TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND TOTAL PHOSPHATE ANALYSIS
Keywords:
river water quality, total suspended solids, total phosphate, UV–Vis spectrophoto, eutrophicationAbstract
River water quality is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities that contribute suspended solids and nutrient pollution to aquatic environments. This study aimed to evaluate river water quality through the determination of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and total phosphate concentrations. TSS was analyzed using the gravimetric method in accordance with SNI 6989.3:2019, while total phosphate was determined by UV–Visible spectrophotometry following SNI 6989.31:2021. The results showed that TSS concentrations ranged from 30–34 mg L⁻¹ in the upstream section and 21–24 mg L⁻¹ in the downstream section. These values complied with the Class II water quality standards established under Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. In contrast, total phosphate concentrations ranged from 0.795–0.802 mg L⁻¹ upstream and 0.746–0.768 mg L⁻¹ downstream, exceeding the limits for both Class I and Class II waters. The elevated phosphate concentrations indicate significant nutrient enrichment and a potential risk of eutrophication. Quality control evaluation demonstrated satisfactory analytical performance, with acceptable CRM results, recovery of 109.4%, calibration linearity of R² = 0.9991, and precision values within the established acceptance criteria. Overall, the findings indicate that while suspended solids remain within acceptable limits, phosphate pollution represents a significant concern for the studied river and highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and nutrient management strategies to maintain aquatic ecosystem health.
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