STRATEGI INDUKSI STRES DAN TINJAUAN BIOSINTESIS PADA KULTIVASI HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS UNTUK OPTIMASI PRODUKSI ASTAXANTHIN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36526/jc.v8i2.8341Keywords:
Astaxanthin, Carbon, Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation, Nitrogen, phosphateAbstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid compound with strong antioxidant properties that protect cells from oxidative damage. One source of astaxanthin is Haematococcus pluvialis. The cultivation of H. pluvialis is strongly influenced by the availability of nutrients in the growth medium. This systematic review aims to compare the effects of major nutrient stress triggers, there are nitrogen, phosphate, and carbon on astaxanthin accumulation, as well as to evaluate combinations of exogenous compounds and environmental factors as additional stress inducers. Although many previous reviews have explored the use of stress inducing factors in H.pluvialis cultivation to enhance astaxanthin production, few have specifically examined comparisons among nitrogen, phosphate, and carbon stress triggers, or the determination of effective cultivation conditions for improving astaxanthin yield. The article search was conducted using the Google Scholar database for the years 2020-2025 with the keywords “stress triggers”, “Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation”, “astaxanthin”, “nitrogen”, “phosphate”, and “carbon”. The search yielded 999 articles and after screening based on specific criteria, 11 articles were selected. Through a systematic review of the selected experimental studies, it was found that nitrogen deficiency is the most effective strategy for increasing astaxanthin yield, consistently producing higher accumulation ranges compared with phosphate and carbon. Astaxanthin accumulation increased futher when combined with high light intensity and exogenous substances, such as (GABA). Integrated nutrient management provides a strong foundation for recommendations in developing H.pluvialis cultivation systems at an industrial scale.
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