DETERMINATION OF LEAD (PB) CONTAMINATION IN LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) FROM VARIOUS COLLECTION SOURCES IN BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36526/jc.v8i1.7164Keywords:
Food safety, Heavy metals, Lead (Pb), Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a vegetable that is often consumed fresh, therefore the safety of its contents needs attention, especially regarding contamination with the heavy metal lead (Pb). This study aims to analyze Pb levels in lettuce obtained from the supermarket, traditional market, and local garden in Banda Aceh City using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method (AAS) and to evaluate differences in Pb content based on the source of acquisition. The analytical method was validated through linearity, sensitivity, and precision. The Pb calibration curve shows a good linear relationship with a coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.9931. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.162 mg/L and 0.492 mg/L, respectively. The precision test at low concentrations yielded a %RSD value of 4.91%, which met the method validation criteria. The results of the analysis showed that the Pb content in lettuce from the supermarket, traditional market, and local garden was 2.54 ± 0.12 mg/kg, 2.60 ± 0.07 mg/kg, and 2.38 ± 0.08 mg/kg, respectively, all of which exceeded the maximum Pb contamination limit according to BPOM (0.2 mg/kg). The one-way ANOVA test showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between Pb levels among the different sources.
References
AOAC International. (2015). AOAC Official Method 2015.01 Heavy Metals in Food, Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC International.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia (BPOM). (2022). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 9 Tahun 2022 tentang Persyaratan Cemaran Logam Berat dalam Pangan Olahan. Jakarta: BPOM Republik Indonesia
Bouida, L., Rafatullah, M., Kerrouche, A., Qutob, M., Alosaimi, A. M., Alorfi, H. S., & Hussein, M. A. (2022). A Review on Cadmium and Lead Contamination: Sources, Fate, Mechanism, Health Effects and Remediation Methods. In Water (Switzerland) (Vol. 14, Issue 21). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213432
Collin, M. S., Venkatraman, S. K., Vijayakumar, N., Kanimozhi, V., Arbaaz, S. M., Stacey, R. G. S., Anusha, J., Choudhary, R., Lvov, V., Tovar, G. I., Senatov, F., Koppala, S., & Swamiappan, S. (2022). Bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and its effects on human: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 7, 100094. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100094
Deti Ratih, P., Khaerun Nisa, I., Rahmah Hidayati, N., & Penelitian, A. (2025). Analisis Kandungan Logam Timbal (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) pada Lipstik Berwarna Merah menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 8(12), 7473–7482. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v8i12.9144
Fajri, R., Amri, Y., & Jofrishal, dan. (2025). Adsorpsi Logam Timbal (Pb) pada Air Sumur Bor Menggunakan Adsorben dari Limbah Cangkang Telur Ayam. Quimica: Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Terapan, 7(1), 1–5. https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/JQ
Habibi, Y., Sulistya, I. A., & Erikawati, D. (2024). Verifikasi Metode Penentuan Patchouli Alcohol dalam Minyak Nilam dengan GC-FID Sesuai SNI 06-2385-2006.
Hossain, M. M., Abdul Hannan, A. S. M., Kamal, M. M., Hossain, M. A., & Quraishi, S. B. (2022). Appraisal and validation of a method used for detecting heavy metals in poultry feed in Bangladesh. Veterinary World, 15(9), 2217–2223. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.2217-2223
Ikkonen, E., & Kaznina, N. (2022). Physiological Responses of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to Soil Contamination with Pb. Horticulturae, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100951
Izquierdo-Díaz, M., Hansen, V., Barrio-Parra, F., De Miguel, E., You, Y., & Magid, J. (2023). Assessment of lettuces grown in urban areas for human consumption and as bioindicators of atmospheric pollution. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 256, 114883. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114883
Kurniaty, R., Dayan Adiyana, T. M., Yusuf, M., & Mahmudi, M. (2020). Assessing of the weight metal contamination of timbal (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in vegetables in the agricultural region of Aceh Jaya using atomic absorption spectrofotometry method. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 2024(3), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com
Lange, C. N., Freire, B. M., Monteiro, L. R., Cotrim, M. E. B., & Batista, B. L. (2024). Potentially Toxic Elements in Urban-Grown Lettuce: Effectiveness of Washing Procedures, Risk Assessment, and Isotopic Fingerprint. Plants, 13(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13192807
Merlin Darise, Ishak Isa, Mardjan Paputungan, Netty Ino Ischak, Erni Mohamad, & Nita Suleman. (2024). Analisis Kadar Logam Berat Timbal (Pb), Kadmium (Cd), dan Merkuri (Hg) pada Sayuran Selada (Lactuca Satiya L.) yang Beredar di Pasar Sentral Kota Gorontalo. Algoritma : Jurnal Matematika, Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Kebumian Dan Angkasa, 3(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.62383/algoritma.v3i1.348
Meskelu, T., Senbeta, A. F., Keneni, Y. G., & Sime, G. (2024). Heavy metal accumulation and food safety of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) amended by bioslurry and chemical fertilizer application. Food Science & Nutrition, 12(10), 7449–7460. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4363
Oladimeji, A. V., & Kumar, A. B. (2023). Therapeutic profile of lettuce: Leafy vegetable for moderate consumption (A review). International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 7(2S), 254–258. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2023.v7.i2sd.218
Putri, D. A., & Daulae, A. H. (2025). Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Daun Tanaman Glodokan (Polyalthia longifolia Sonn.) Menurut Kepadatan Lalu Lintas di Kawasan Tanjung Morawa. BIO-CONS : Jurnal Biologi Dan Konservasi, 7(1), 131–138. https://doi.org/10.31537/biocons.v7i1.2209
Septiani Pratama, D., Hidayat, D., Wijianto, E., & Yuniar, H. (2016). Validasi Metode Analisis Pb dengan Menggunakan Flame Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA) untuk Studi Biogeokimia dan Toksisitas Logam Timbal Pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum). Analit: Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, 1(01).
Situmorang, I. M., & Simatupang, D. F. (2021). Analisis Logam Berat Pada Sayuran Yang Ditanami Di Pinggir Jalan Bekasi Utara. Jurnal Analis Laboratorium Medik, 6(1), 19–22. https://doi.org/10.51544/jalm.v6i1.1837
Sunartaty, R., & Meutia, F. (2023). Validation of Water Content Testing Method with Analysis Of Accuracy and Precision Comparison. Serambi Journal of Agricultural Technology, 5(1), 59–63. http://ojs.serambimekkah.ac.id/index.php/sjat
Trier, X., Van-Leeuwen, S. P. J., Brambilla, G., Weber, R., & Webster, T. F. (2025). The Critical Role of Commercial Analytical Reference Standards in the Control of Chemical Risks: The Case of PFAS and Ways Forward. In Environmental Health Perspectives (Vol. 133, Issue 1). Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12331
Zhang, X., Xu, Z., Yun, Z., Bai, L., Xu, X., Luo, Q., Purevtsogt, D., Yang, L., & Liu, D. (2025). Determination of yeast β-glucan content in composite yeast culture by enzymatic hydrolysis HPLC method. Food Chemistry, 497, 147058. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.147058
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Afifi, Suprida Suprida, Agnia Purnama, Ruhul Maghfirah, Mutia Farida
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
