ACCESSIBILITY OF EDUCATION THROUGH OPEN HIGH SCHOOL: A LITERATURE REVIEW FROM PIERRE BOURDIEU'S PERSPECTIVE: AKSESIBILITAS PENDIDIKAN MELALUI SMA TERBUKA: TINJAUAN LITERATUR DARI PERSPEKTIF PIERRE BOURDIEU

Vevy Julianty; Kendedes Tambunan; Saliman; Riko Septiantoko

doi:10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6341

Authors

Vevy Julianty Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Kendedes Tambunan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Saliman Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Riko Septiantoko Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6341

Keywords:

Aksesibilitas, Digital, Kesetaraan, Modal, Pendidikan Inklusif, SMA Terbuka

Abstract

This study analyzes the accessibility of secondary education through the Open High School (SMA Terbuka) program as an alternative solution for communities in remote areas facing geographical and economic constraints. Using Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework, the study explores the dynamics of capital (economic, cultural, social, and symbolic), habitus , and the educational field in line with the context of Open High School implementation. The research methodology adopts a desk study approach with qualitative analysis of policy data and relevant literature. The findings indicate that Open High Schools significantly increase the availability of educational services, but still face challenges in terms of digital accessibility and student participation. Disparities in technological literacy and digital infrastructure are undoubtedly major obstacles to the program's effectiveness. Bourdieusian analysis reveals how inequality in students' initial capital affects their ability to utilize alternative educational opportunities. The study concludes that Open High Schools have great potential in reducing educational inequality, but requires comprehensive policy intervention to address structural barriers. The research recommendations emphasize the importance of strengthening digital infrastructure, increasing technological literacy, and empowering communities to maximize the benefits of Open High Schools as an instrument for realizing equitable and just education.

References

Aditomo, A., & Faridz, N. F. (2019). Ketimpangan Mutu dan Akses Pendidikan di Indonesia: Potret Berdasarkan Survei PISA 2015. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/k76g3

Adoui, A. (2023). Exploring inequity factors in higher education: Promoting equitable access and success in the US. SIMULACRA JURNAL SOSIOLOGI, 6(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v6i1.19256

Ajuebor, O., Boniol, M., McIsaac, M., Onyedike, C., & Akl, E. A. (2020). Increasing access to health workers in rural and remote areas: what do stakeholders’ value and find feasible and acceptable? Human Resources for Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00519-2

Akbar, K. F., Damanik, F. H. S., Juliana, J., Akib, A., & Wibowo, F. I. S. (2023). Inclusive Education Practices: Fostering an Accessible Learning Environment for Diverse Learners. Global International Journal of Innovative Research, 1(3), 227. https://doi.org/10.59613/global.v1i3.35

Ali, M. (2020). Eliminasi Kesenjangan Kualitas SDM Melalui Kebijakan Afirmasi Pendidikan di Jawa Timur. Jejaring Administrasi Publik, 12(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.20473/jap.v12i1.23300

Allolayuk, A. (2021). Menyingkap Sisi Gelap Pendidikan sebagai Arena Reproduksi Kesenjangan Sosial Berdasarkan Perspektif Pierre Bourdieu. Syntax Idea, 3(8), 1802. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-idea.v3i8.1407

Banerjee, P. (2024). Connecting the dots: a systematic review of explanatory factors linking contextual indicators, institutional culture and degree awarding gaps [Review of Connecting the dots: a systematic review of explanatory factors linking contextual indicators, institutional culture and degree awarding gaps]. Higher Education Evaluation and Development, 18(1), 31. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/heed-07-2023-0020

Cabasan, R. A. (2024). Effective Technology Integration: Closing the Digital Gap among High School Students. Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2(8). https://doi.org/10.69569/jip.2024.0295

Damsar, D. (2012). Pengantar Sosiologi Pendidikan. Jakarta: Kencana.

Darman, R. A. (2017). Mempersiapkan Generasi Emas Indonesia Tahun 2045 Melalui Pendidikan Berkualitas. Edik Informatika, 3(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.22202/ei.2017.v3i2.1320

Darmawan, R., & Rugaiyah, R. (2024). Education Financing Model Transformation to Build Education Accessibility Through Free School Fees at PKBM Golden. Deleted Journal, 2(5), 755. https://doi.org/10.46799/adv.v2i5.242

Drane, C. F., Vernon, L., & O’Shea, S. (2020). Vulnerable learners in the age of COVID-19: A scoping review [Review of Vulnerable learners in the age of COVID-19: A scoping review]. The Australian Educational Researcher, 48(4), 585. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-020-00409-5

Eriksen, J. G., Thomsen, R., & Reimer, D. (2021). Udsyn i Udskolingen – Kvantitativ evaluering af læringsorienteret uddannelsesvejledning. In Research Portal Denmark (p. 79). Technical University of Denmark. https://local.forskningsportal.dk/local/dki-cgi/ws/cris-link?src=au&id=au-396dd491-a32c-4765-b3e4-de2ed107567e&ti=Udsyn%20i%20Udskolingen%20%2013%20Kvantitativ%20evaluering%20af%20l%E6ringsorienteret%20uddannelsesvejledning

Fan, J. (2014). The Impact of Economic Capital, Social Capital and Cultural Capital: Chinese Families’ Access to Educational Resources. Sociology Mind, 4(4), 272. https://doi.org/10.4236/sm.2014.44028

Farih, I., & Ramli, R. (2023). Implementasi Kebijakan Kurikulum Kondisi Khusus Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Di SMA Negeri 1 Bangkinang Kota. AL-USWAH Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.24014/au.v6i1.12304

Feng, S., & Tan, C. Y. (2024). Toward conceptual clarity for digital cultural and social capital in student learning: Insights from a systematic literature review. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02519-8

Hajaroh, M., Nurhayati, R., Sidiq, F., Raharjo, A. S., & Sholikhah, E. (2021). School Zoning Policy and Equalization of Education Access for Poor Students in Yogyakarta City. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v6i2.9992

Harefa, A. T., & Lase, B. P. (2024). Peran Pendidikan dalam Mengurangi Stigma dan Diskriminasi terhadap Siswa dari Kelompok Minoritas Sosial. Journal of Education Research, 5(4), 4288. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i4.1479

Haryanto, S. (2016). Sosiologi Agama dari Klasik hingga Postmodern. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.

Haryanto, S., Sandra, M., & Rina. (2012). SPEKTRUM TEORI SOSIAL: Dari Klasik Hingga Postmodern. Yogyakarta : Ar-Ruzz Media

Huang, X., Li, H., Huang, L., & Jiang, T. (2023). Research on the development and innovation of online education based on digital knowledge sharing community. BMC Psychology, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01337-6

Jervelund, S. S., Krasnik, A., Montgomery, C. J. de, Jervelund, S. S., Krasnik, A., & Lasson, A.-K. R. de. (2020). Cross-Cutting Reflections and Perspectives. Research Portal Denmark, 100. https://local.forskningsportal.dk/local/dki-cgi/ws/cris-link?src=ku&id=ku-f3b1c385-77e3-408a-b85b-984ae17b827a&ti=Cross-Cutting%20Reflections%20and%20Perspectives

Jin, H., Jiao, S., Ma, X., & Xia, Y. (2024). Cultural capital as a predictor of school success: evidence and gender differences in Chinese middle schools. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03382-x

Jones, P., Bradbury, L., Boutillier, S. L., & Saifuddin, A. F. (2016). Pengantar Teori-Teori Sosial. Jakarta: Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

Leon, Z. C. (2024). Quality Education: Nurturing Minds, Empowering Future. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4721781

Maharani, C., Ningrum, D. A., Fatmawati, A. E., & Fadilla, A. (2024). Dampak Kemiskinan terhadap Kualitas Pendidikan Anak di Indonesia: Rekomendasi Kebijakan yang Efektif. Journal of Macroeconomics and Social Development, 1(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.47134/jmsd.v1i3.199

Majeed, F. S. A., Sundana, R. N. R., Ramadhan, R., & Abrar, M. (2024). Strategi Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan Menuju Indonesia Emas 2045: Analisis Pandangan Akademisi. Antropocene., 4(3), 82. https://doi.org/10.56393/antropocene.v4i3.2451

Mali, Y. C. G., Kurniawan, D., Januardi, J. I., Swara, S. J., Lokollo, N. C. E., Picauly, I. A., Paramitha, N. G., Tanore, J. A., Dewani, M. S., & Pakiding, R. W. (2023). Issues and Challenges of Technology Use In Indonesian Schools: Implications For Teaching And Learning. IJIET (International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching), 7(2), 221. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.v7i2.6310

Mardisentosa, H. B., & Sugiyanti, S. (2021). Pengaruh Efektivitas Pembelajaran Daring, Kemampuan Ekonomi Siswa, Dan Pola Makan Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Pada Smk Yarsi Medika Tigaraksa Kabupaten Tangerang. Pelita Jurnal Penelitian Dan Karya Ilmiah, 21(2), 169. https://doi.org/10.33592/pelita.v21i2.2050

Martono, N., Tri Utami, S. P., Plummer, K., & Samuel, H. (2012). KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK DI SEKOLAH (Sebuah Ide Sosiologi Pendidikan Pierre Bourdieu) Dominasi Kelas dan Kapitalisasi Gaya Baru Melalui Buku Pelajaran. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Meipiani, C. A., Febriani, L., & Cholilah, J. (2021). Inovasi Pendidikan : Upaya Penyelesaian Masalah Reproduksi Kelas Sosial Pada Sistem Pendidikan Di SMA Santo Yosef Pangkalpinang. Jurnal Studi Inovasi, 1(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.52000/jsi.v1i2.17

Naidoo, J., & Singh-Pillay, A. (2024). Social justice implications of digital science, technology, engineering and mathematics pedagogy: Exploring a South African blended higher education context. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12813-w

Ninghardjanti‬, P., Murtını, W., Hindrayani, A., & Sangka, K. B. (2023). Evaluation of the Smart Indonesia Program as a Policy to Improve Equality in Education. Sustainability, 15(6), 5114. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065114

Nisa, D., & Aimah, S. (2024). Strategic Adaptation in Islamic Education Quality Management: Navigating Social Developments for Sustainable Educational Outcomes. Journal of Educational Management Research, 3(2), 86. https://doi.org/10.61987/jemr.v3i2.427

Nurulpaik, I., Permana, J., Mirfani, A. M., & Suryana, A. (2021). The Influence Of Educational Resources, Geographic Conditions, Demographic Conditions, Economic Conditions, Population Capacity On Junior High School Gross Participation Rate. JMSP (Jurnal Manajemen Dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 5(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.17977/um025v5i22021p89

Pahrijal, R., & Novitasari, S. A. (2023). Urgensi Menghadapi Hambatan Digital dalam Pemanfaatan Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran Siswa di Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pendidikan West Science, 1(10). https://doi.org/10.58812/jpdws.v1i10.729

Pettalongi, S. S., Londol, M. M., & Umboh, S. E. (2024). Disparities in Digital Education: Socioeconomic Barriers to Accessing Online Learning Resources. International Journal of Social and Human., 1(3), 181. https://doi.org/10.59613/be6gdv98

PISA 2022 Results (Volume I). (2023). In Programme for international student assessment/Internationale Schulleistungsstudie. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. https://doi.org/10.1787/53f23881-en

Pürbudak, A., YILMAZ, M., & Alper, A. (2022). Trends on Distance Education in the COVID-19: A Content Analysis Study. Ankara Universitesi Egitim Bilimleri Fakultesi Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.1074656

Purnasari, P. D., Sadewo, Y. D., Santosa, D. S. S., & Sanoto, H. (2024). Analisis Digitalisasi Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar Wilayah Perbatasan. Scholaria Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 14(2), 198. https://doi.org/10.24246/j.js.2024.v14.i2.p198-205

Puspitasari, R. (2018). Curriculum Analysis of Possible Social Capital in IPS Learning in MTs/ SMP Cirebon City. https://doi.org/10.2991/icsse-17.2018.60

Rachmawati, D. E., & Purwandari, E. (2022). Proses Ta’dib sebagai penguatan aplikasi pendidikan Islam di Indonesia: Pendekatan Systematic Literature Review. Tawazun Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 15(2), 175. https://doi.org/10.32832/tawazun.v15i2.7272

Reyva, M. D. A., Hutagaol, A. B., Tampubolon, D. H., Sinaga, J. N., & Batubara, A. (2024). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Literasi Budaya Pada Siswa SMP. Indonesian Culture and Religion Issues., 1(2), 8. https://doi.org/10.47134/diksima.v1i2.9

Rizal, S., & Syaibana, P. L. D. (2022). Analisis Keterjangkauan dan Pola Persebaran SMA/MA Negeri di Kabupaten Banyuwangi Menggunakan Analisis Buffering dan Nearest Neighbor pada Aplikasi Q-GIS. Techno Com, 21(2), 355. https://doi.org/10.33633/tc.v21i2.5996

Rusli, R., & Rusdin, R. (2024). Challenges of Distance Learning During Pandemic Covid-19 in Papua and West Papua : Focus on Students’ Perceptions. Research Square (Research Square). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5399393/v1

Safarah, A. A., & Wibowo, U. B. (2018). Program Zonasi di Sekolah Dasar Sebagai Upaya Pemerataan Kualitas Pendidikan Di Indonesia. Lentera Pendidikan Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan, 21(2), 206. https://doi.org/10.24252/lp.2018v21n2i6

Sain, Z. H., AZIZ, A. L., & AGOI, M. A. (2024). Navigating Educational Challenges in Indonesia: Policy Recommendations for Future Success. JOURNAL OF DIGITAL LEARNING AND DISTANCE EDUCATION, 3(4), 1038. https://doi.org/10.56778/jdlde.v3i4.339

Samala, A. D., Rawas, S., Criollo-C, S., Bondarenko, O., Samala, A. G., & Novaliendry, D. (2024). Harmony in Education: An In-Depth Exploration of Indonesian Academic Landscape, Challenges, and Prospects Towards the Golden Generation 2045 Vision. TEM Journal, 2436. https://doi.org/10.18421/tem133-71

Sapiah, S., Ulfah, St. M., Saputra, A. N., & Hardi, R. (2025). Smart education in remote areas: collaborative strategies to address challenges in Majene Regency, Indonesia. Frontiers in Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1552575

Sari, C. N., & Hendriani, W. (2021). Hambatan Pendidikan Inklusi dan Bagaimana Mengatasinya: Telaah Kritis Sistematis dari Berbagai Negara. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 9(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v9i1.14154

Sari, J. A., Darmanto, D., Wahyudi, H., & Yulianti, I. (2022). The Role of Universitas Terbuka-Indonesia in Improving Higher Education Services in Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Terbuka Dan Jarak Jauh, 24(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.33830/ptjj.v24i1.4261.2023

Sariakin, S., Yeni, M., Usman, M., Mare, A. S., Munzir, M., & Saleh, M. (2025). Fostering a Productive Educational Environment: The Roles of Leadership, Management Practices, and Teacher Motivation. Frontiers in Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1499064

Scandurra, R., Zancajo, A., & Bonal, X. (2021). Opting Out of Neighbourhood Schools: The Role of Local Education Markets in Student Mobility. Population Space and Place, 28(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2542

Shea, P., & Rice, M. (2023). OLJ September 2023 27(3). Online Learning, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v27i3.4152

Shoval, D. H. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: Bridging or Widening the Gap for Diverse Student Populations? Education Sciences, 15(5), 637. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15050637

Singh, S. (2024). Inclusive Education: Promoting Equity and Access for Students with Disabilities. Global International Research Thoughts, 12(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.36676/girt.v12.i1.109

Subroto, D. E., Supriandi, Wirawan, R., & Rukmana, A. Y. (2023). Implementasi Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran di Era Digital: Tantangan dan Peluang bagi Dunia Pendidikan di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan West Science, 1(7), 473. https://doi.org/10.58812/jpdws.v1i07.542

Sukmana, O., Firmansah, A. A., & Aprilyawati, F. D. (2022). DASAR - DASAR KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL DAN PEKERJAAN SOSIAL. Malang: UMM Press.

Triwiyanto, T., Kusumaningrum, D. E., & Sobri, A. Y. (2024). Hambatan Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Akuntabilitas di Sekolah Dasar Negeri. Scholaria Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 14(2), 119. https://doi.org/10.24246/j.js.2024.v14.i2.p119-132

Vázquez, B. C. D. (2023). Una propuesta de intervención para el desarrollo de las habilidades de lectoescritura en alumnado de primer ciclo de primaria con riesgo de exclusión social. ReiDoCrea Revista Electrónica de Investigación Docencia Creativa. https://doi.org/10.30827/digibug.85999

Vongalis‐Macrow, A. (2010). Reconceptualising Access in Education Policy: Method and Mindset. Policy Futures in Education, 8(5), 513. https://doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2010.8.5.513

Voultsiou, E., & Moussiades, L. (2025). A systematic review of AI, VR, and LLM applications in special education: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions [Review of A systematic review of AI, VR, and LLM applications in special education: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions]. Education and Information Technologies. Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13550-4

Wanti, M., Wesselink, R., Biemans, H. J. A., & Brok, P. den. (2022). The role of social factors in access to and equity in higher education for students with low socioeconomic status: A case study from Indonesia. Equity in Education & Society, 2(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1177/27526461221140570

Wirawan, I. B. (2015). TEORI-TEORI SOSIAL DALAM TIGA PARADIGMA (Fakta Sosial, Definisi Sosial, dan Perilaku Sosial). Jakarta: Kencana.

Yu, S., Liu, H., & Ma, G. (2022). The Mediation of Exam-oriented Cultural Capital: Economic Capital and Educational Inequality of Chinese High School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic and School Closures. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 18(3), 1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10127-y

Yusuf, A. M. (2014). Metode Penelitian: Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan Penelitian Gabungan. Jakarta: Kencana.

Zakiyah, A. N., Sapitri, W., & Liza, T. (2024). Sosiologi Pendidikan Sebagai Ilmu Pengetahuan. De Facto, 2(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.62668/defacto.v2i1.1025