SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL
Jurnal sosioedukasi (e-ISSN: 2541-612X, Print ISSN 2086-6135) diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, diterbitkan dua kali setahun pada bulan mei dan november. fokus Scientific Journals of Education and Social. dan pertahun 2025 menjadi 4 kali terbitan yaitu Maret, Juni, Septeber dan Desember. Jurnal sosioedukasi mencakup semua bidang dan periode dalam Pendidikan dan sosial, yang membahas semua aspek pendidikan termasuk ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan politik dan hukum. Semua pendekatan bisa di terima. Jurnal ini menerima berbagai format termasuk artikel dari forum ilmiah, esai ulasan, dan masalah khusus. Editor juga menerima ulasan buku untuk diterbitkan di bagian khusus dari publikasi. Artikel-artikel tersebut dapat ditulis untuk disampaikan dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris.
Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi
THE ROLE OF INFORMAL EDUCATION IN SUPPORTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INDEPENDENT CURRICULUM THROUGH DEEP LEARNING: A CASE STUDY IN RT 36 GUNUNG KELUA VILLAGE, SAMARINDA CITY
This research aims to describe the forms and strategies, as well as challenges of informal education in families that contribute to the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, especially in supporting deep learning. The research was conducted in RT 36, Gunung Kelua Village, Samarinda City, with a qualitative approach of case studies. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The informants were determined purposively, consisting of the Chairman of RT 36 as the key informant, five parents as the main informant, and five students from the elementary to vocational school levels as supporting informants. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles & Huberman model with stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn, while validity was maintained through triangulation of techniques and sources, member checking, and trail audits. The results of the study show that: (1) The form and strategy of informal education in supporting the implementation of the Independent Curriculum through deep learning are found to be four forms and informal education, namely home learning assistance, the use of technology and digital media, contextual learning practices at home, and the habit of independent learning (2) Challenges faced in implementing informal education such as parental understanding that has not yet been equally regarding the principles of the Independent Curriculum and deep learning, time and knowledge limitations, and learning facilities and environment. These findings demonstrate the important role of families in supporting the implementation of the Independent Curriculum and encouraging deep learning, while highlighting the need for continued support from schools, communities, and policy makers for informal education to run sustainably and effectively.
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TRANSFORMATION OF MSMEs MARKETING STRATEGY THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF QRIS AS A DIGITAL INNOVATION
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an essential role in the Indonesian economy because they are not influenced by foreign factors and depend on local supply chains. Adapting to changing market conditions is necessary for these businesses to thrive, especially in today's digital age where smartphones and social media are widely used by Indonesians. This socialisation aims to increase awareness of the importance of digitalisation of payment systems in MSMEs as a means of digital marketing. By using a descriptive qualitative approach and community service carried out through education and socialisation as well as direct assistance in making QRIS will help MSMEs in strengthening their marketing strategies in attracting consumer buying interest for ease of transactions compared to competitors who use conventional payment services. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation with MSME players in Kediri City. The results show that education about QRIS and consumer protection encourages MSME players in marketing strategies that need to be carried out in the era of cashless society and supports the professionalism of MSMEs.
THE INFLUENCE OF SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP AND TEACHER COMPETENCE ON GRADUATE QUALITY MODERATED BY LEARNING ORGANIZATION CULTURE AT PESANTREN AL-AMIEN JEMBER
Graduate quality serves as the primary indicator of an educational institution’s success, including Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), which have a dual orientation: developing students’ academic competence and spirituality. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of spiritual leadership, teacher competence, and learning organization culture on graduate quality, as well as to examine the moderating role of learning organization culture in these relationships. This study employs a quantitative explanatory approach using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM–PLS) method. The research population includes teachers, school principals, and students from four formal educational institutions under the auspices of Pesantren Al Amien Jember. The results reveal that: (1) spiritual leadership has a positive and significant effect on graduate quality (P-Value = 0.000); (2) teacher competence has a positive and significant effect on graduate quality (P-Value = 0.000); (3) learning organization culture has a positive and significant effect on graduate quality (P-Value = 0.018); (4) learning organization culture moderates the effect of spiritual leadership on graduate quality (P-Value = 0.010); and (5) learning organization culture also moderates the effect of teacher competence on graduate quality (P-Value = 0.032). These findings affirm that visionary spiritual leadership, excellent teacher competence, and an adaptive, collaborative learning organization culture play crucial roles in enhancing the quality of pesantren graduates. Practically, the results recommend the development of a sustainable learning culture within pesantren environments to produce graduates who are of strong character, globally competitive, and capable of contributing positively to society.
K-BEAUTY AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR SOUTH KOREA'S NATION BRANDING IN INDONESIA
This study examines the role of K-Beauty as an instrument of South Korea’s nation branding in Indonesia during the 2018-2024 period. The analysis was conducted using Simon Anholt's Nation Brand Hexagon framework, which encompasses six dimensions: exports, culture, government, society, tourism, and investment and immigration. With a qualitative descriptive approach based on literature studies, this study show that K-Beauty is not merely a consumption trend but also a soft power instrument that supports a positive image of South Korea. In the export dimension, Korean cosmetic products are growing rapidly in the Indonesian market and have become symbols of creativity and innovation. The cultural dimension demonstrates K-Beauty's close connection to the Korean Wave, which has shaped local beauty standards. From a governance perspective, institutional support is evident through the organization of the K-Beauty Expo Indonesia and the adoption of halal certification, building South Korea's image as an adaptable nation that values ​​local values. In the people dimension, Korean celebrities as brand ambassadors strengthen emotional connections with Indonesian consumers. The tourism dimension is reflected in the increase in visits to shopping destinations like Myeong-dong and Gangnam, while the investment and immigration dimensions are demonstrated through trade agreements, the expansion of the cosmetics business, and the growing number of Indonesian students and workers in South Korea. In conclusion, K-Beauty serves as a strategic nation-branding instrument, strengthening South Korea's image while fostering socio-cultural and economic ties with Indonesia.
DIGITAL STORY TELLING: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION IN DEVELOPING DESCRIPTIVE WRITING ABILITY
This study is exploring the students’ perception in developing descriptive writing ability trough digital story telling in university students. This study is exploring university students’ perception when they developing their writing especially descriptive text using digital story telling media. The students’ perception is affected how their attitude during activity when they develop their writing ability towards digital story telling media. This study involves 23 participants taken from some classes in English education students which they already practice their descriptive writing using digital story media. This study utilizes a survey using adapted questionnaire and interviews to gather information about the students’ perception regarding their attitude while develop their descriptive writing using digital story telling media. then analysed using likers scale for questionnaire using the formula P = F/N × 100%, and data analysis of interview will be used systematically coded, in which specific statements are analysed and categorized into themes that reflect the phenomenon under investigation. The result of questionnaire shows that almost 80% students give positive perception in digital story telling as media in develop descriptive writing and the result of interview shows that the average students response stated that 75% of students has good perception about digital story telling used in descriptive writing then 25% is neutral. Based on both questionnaire and interview result we can concluded that digital storytelling gives positive perception in developing descriptive writing ability.
THE INGGRISAN SITE AS A MEDIUM AND SOURCE FOR HISTORY LEARNING IN PUBLIC SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN BANYUWANGI REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the utilization of the Inggrisan Site as a medium and source for history learning at the senior high school (SMA) level in Banyuwangi Regency. The background of this study is rooted in the importance of integrating local historical values into history education to strengthen students' historical identity and literacy. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The research informants consist of history teachers, students, local figures, and site managers. Data validation is conducted through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that the Inggrisan Site holds significant potential as a contextual learning resource, yet it has not been optimally utilized in history education practices. The main challenges identified include the limited accommodation of local history content in the curriculum, the lack of teacher capacity in utilizing historical sites, and the insufficient availability of site-based teaching materials. On the other hand, development opportunities arise from the support of the Merdeka Curriculum policy, the potential for cross-sectoral collaboration, and advances in educational technology that enable the digitization of heritage sites as learning media. This study recommends the need to strengthen synergy among educational institutions, local government, and cultural communities in developing a sustainable, site-based history learning model.
MARKETING MANAGEMENT OF ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia face significant challenges in marketing management due to increasing competition and the demands of digital transformation in the era of globalization. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation of marketing management in Islamic higher education through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of empirical studies published between 2021 and 2024. The study used the PRISMA protocol methodology by analyzing five high-quality articles from the ERIC, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases using a random-effects model for meta-analysis. The results showed that experiential marketing had the highest effectiveness with a pooled effect size of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75-0.88, p<0.001), followed by Islamic branding with an effect size of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72-0.84, p<0.001), marketing mix with 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68-0.81, p<0.01), digital marketing with 0.70, and social promotion with 0.68. Forest plot and funnel plot analyses confirmed the absence of publication bias and validated the reliability of the findings. The study concluded that Islamic higher education institutions should adopt a multi-strategy approach that prioritizes experiential marketing and Islamic branding as core strategies, supported by the implementation of a comprehensive marketing mix and context-specific digital marketing. This research contributes to the development of an evidence-based marketing framework that integrates Islamic values with modern marketing theory, providing practical guidance for enhancing the competitiveness of Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia.
COVID-19 AND TOURISM: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE STRATEGIES OF YOUTH MARINE TOURISM BUSINESS ACTORS ON DERAWAN ISLAND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
This paper aims to analyze the strategies of young entrepreneurs in the marine tourism industry on Derawan Island in facing the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employs a qualitative approach using purposive and snowball sampling techniques for informant selection. Data collection was carried out through interviews and field observations. The research applies James C. Scott’s survival strategy theory to analyze the phenomena under investigation. The results of the study indicate that young entrepreneurs in the marine tourism sector on Derawan Island were a vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic. To address these challenges, the young entrepreneurs engaged in several survival strategies, including returning to fishing and adjusting the pricing of tourism packages during the new normal period.
DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORY E-BOOKS BASED ON HISTORICAL HERITAGE IN ROKAN HILIR TO IMPROVE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF GRADE XI STUDENTS AT SMAN 1 KUBU BABUSSALAM
This research aims to develop a history e-book based on historical heritage in Rokan Hilir as an innovative learning media to improve students’ learning motivation in history subject for Grade XI at SMAN 1 Kubu Babussalam. The background of this study is the low student engagement in history learning caused by the lack of contextual and interactive teaching materials. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Data collection techniques included expert validation, student response questionnaires, and motivation assessment before and after using the developed e-book. The results showed that the e-book was categorized as "very feasible" with a material expert validation score of 92% and a media expert validation score of 94%. Student response in small and large group trials also reached a very positive category, with an average of 91%. Moreover, student motivation increased significantly after the implementation of the e-book, demonstrating its effectiveness in engaging learners. The novelty of this research lies in its integration of local historical sites—such as the Rokan Palace, colonial architecture, and traditional Islamic relics—into a digital format, enhancing the relevance and appeal of history lessons. The e-book not only supports curriculum goals but also contributes to the preservation and promotion of local cultural heritage through education.
IMPLEMENTATION OF STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEES OF PT BPRS TUNAS ARTHA JAYA ABADI NGADILUWIH
This study examines the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) on employee discipline at PT BPRS Tunas Artha Jaya Abadi Ngadiluwih, which plays a crucial role in maintaining organizational performance through the development of a disciplined work culture. The background of this research lies in the fact that although the company has applied a fingerprint attendance system and sanctions in the form of meal allowance deductions, employee discipline is still often understood merely as an administrative obligation rather than as an internalized behavior. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of disciplinary SOPs, identify the challenges faced, and formulate improvement strategies to create a sustainable culture of discipline. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the branch leader and section heads as key informants. The data obtained were analyzed systematically through selection, categorization, and drawing conclusions based on emerging patterns in the field. The findings indicate that punishment in the form of meal allowance deductions has been applied consistently, yet rewards specifically for discipline have not been implemented evenly and remain focused on work target achievements. Moreover, disciplinary assessments are still limited to attendance, while other essential aspects such as procedural compliance, work ethic, and initiative have not received sufficient attention.
FACTORS DETERMINING MARKETING PERFORMANCE OF FASHION SMEs IN JAKARTA: THE PERSPECTIVE OF MARKETING SKILLS, CRM, AND COMPETITION INTENSITY
This study analyzes the Marketing Performance of the Fashion MSME Industry in Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of marketing skills and customer relationship management on marketing performance through competitive intensity. This study is quantitative by distributing questionnaires to 240 MSME actors. Using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the Partial Least Square (PLS) alternative with the Smart-PLS 4.0 program. The results of the data analysis show that: (1) Marketing Skills have a significant effect on Marketing Performance through Competitive Intensity in the Fashion Industry in Jakarta. (2) while Customer relationship management has a direct effect on Marketing Performance without considering the Intensity of Competition in the Fashion Industry in Jakarta
HANDLING STUNTING IN TIDORE ISLANDS CITY: ANALYSIS OF SUCCESS FACTORS AND OBSTACLES IN COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
The issue of stunting has received special attention from the government because it has long-term impacts on the productivity and quality of children's human resources. Furthermore, stunting is also a multidimensional health problem encompassing economic, social, cultural, and political dimensions, thus requiring a holistic approach. Tidore Islands City is one of the areas designated as a priority for stunting prevention (2018-2022). Based on socio-economic and geographical factors, Tidore Islands City faces its own challenges; economically it is closely linked to marginalized class groups while geographically it has limited accessibility to the health ecosystem. However, these challenges can be overcome by the government through a collaborative policy strategy, thus successfully reducing stunting cases from 21.3% in 2023 to 16.6% in 2024. Based on this, researchers are interested in understanding more critically the factors that determine success and hinder the handling of stunting through a collaborative governance strategy. Based on this context, this thesis is a descriptive qualitative research or field study. This qualitative research attempts to describe data obtained from the field, literature, and other relevant sources. The results of this study demonstrate various aspects related to stunting cases in Tidore Islands City, including socio-cultural, institutional, and political aspects. Success is largely determined by various factors, including active participation from various elements, data integration and accuracy, routine evaluation and monitoring, training and supervision, transparency and open communication, trust between regional government agencies (OPD), and a single-stop reporting mechanism. Meanwhile, obstacles include limited human resources, access and facilities, duplicate data, asynchronous data, and inaccuracy
MEKHIMPAL MARRIAGE AND THE PROHIBITION OF SEPEKHINDING: AN EXAMINATION OF CUSTOMARY LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW IN THE MARRIAGE TRADITION OF THE ALAS COMMUNITY
This study, entitled “A Study on the Customary Prohibition of Cousin Marriage in the Alas Indigenous Community: Perspectives from Customary Law and Islamic Law,” aims to analyze the reasons behind the prohibition of cousin marriage in the Alas community, examine its compatibility with Islamic law, and explore its social implications within indigenous society. The research specifically investigates why marriages between paternal cousins (sepekhinding) and maternal cousins (pemekhenen) are prohibited, while marriages with the daughter of the father’s sister (mekhimpal) are encouraged under the customary concept of kawin mekhimpal. The study employs a qualitative field research method, with data collected from traditional elders and community leaders in Southeast Aceh through interviews and observation. Data were analyzed descriptively to interpret the relationship between customary norms and Islamic legal principles. The findings reveal that the prohibition of sepekhinding and pemekhenen marriages is rooted in the principle of preserving family honor, maintaining the integrity of the nuclear family, and preventing internal conflict within close kinship structures. Meanwhile, the encouragement of marriage with mekhimpal cousins symbolizes reciprocal relationships that strengthen social and familial cohesion in the extended family system. The results indicate that, based on the Qur’an, Hadith, and Islamic legal analogy (qiyās), the practice of cousin marriage itself is permissible in Islam. Therefore, the customary prohibition of marriage with certain cousins, such as sepekhinding and pemekhenen, is not aligned with Islamic law, which does not restrict marriage among cousins. The discussion highlights that the Alas customary system reflects a sociocultural adaptation aimed at maintaining harmony within the community, even though it differs from Islamic legal provisions. Hence, the study concludes that the customary practice has sociological and moral value but should be reinterpreted in light of Islamic jurisprudence to ensure alignment between religious law and local tradition.
ANALYSIS OF PTUN MEDAN NUMBER 165/G/2023/PTUN. MDN ON BLACKLISTING SANCTIONS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF SIYASAH QADHAIYYAH
This study is motivated by a legal controversy surrounding the imposition of a blacklisting sanction against PT. Bumi Aceh Citra Persada through the Administrative Court (PTUN) Medan Decision No. 165/G/2023/PTUN.MDN. The main problem addressed in this research is the judicial reasoning underlying the ruling and the extent to which the decision reflects the principle of substantive justice from the perspective of siyasah qadhaiyyah (Islamic judicial politics). The purpose of this study is to analyze the judges’ legal considerations and evaluate their conformity with Islamic legal principles, particularly within the framework of siyasah qadhaiyyah. This research employs a library-based qualitative method with a normative juridical approach, utilizing primary sources such as the PTUN decision, and secondary sources including books, journals, articles, and relevant legal regulations. Data were collected through literature review and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis method. The findings indicate that the judges’ considerations were primarily based on Government Regulation No. 12 of 2021 concerning Government Procurement of Goods and Services, which outlines the mechanism for blacklisting sanctions against service providers who violate provisions. However, from the perspective of siyasah qadhaiyyah, issues of proportionality and substantive justice remain, as the sanction does not fully consider the aspects of public welfare (maslahah) and the protection of the parties’ rights. Therefore, this study concludes that harmonization between positive law and Islamic principles of justice is essential in the application of administrative sanctions.
Factors Influencing Street Vendors’ Income in Campus Microeconomic Ecosystem
Crucial questions, which have been lacking in the literature, particularly regarding informal microeconomies in suburban areas, were addressed in this research. Street food vendors in campus ecosystems play an important role in supplying food to the community and creating informal jobs; however, their income security is poorly reported in Eastern Indonesia. Primary data were gathered from 20 vendors between January and March 2025 using mixed methods. Vendors were classified into three spatial zones according to the shop's proximity to the campus, and income patterns were studied across academic cycles and digital adoption status. Results: Daily net income ranged between IDR 30,000 and IDR 85,000, and vendors in Zone A (close to the campus gate) earned much more than vendors in the peripheral zones. We found high income sensitivity to the academic calendar, with a decrease in income of 56% during semester breaks and an increase of 18% at the beginning of the new semester. Digital platforms were used by only five vendors (for example, GoFood), but they had a 47% higher daily income despite the commission costs. Barriers to adoption include limited digital literacy, smartphone access, and age. Volatility affected the food supply chain, and vendors used informal coping mechanisms to deal with the stress, such as operating hours, selling on local markets, or using savings, which were not sustainable for the long term. ​The results show that spatial access, institutional rhythms, technological divides, and social capital structurally determine vendor income. Resilience is seen as existing, but limited by systems of exclusion. The study concludes that inclusive urban and campus policies, such as equitable vendor areas, digital literacy training, vendor cooperatives, and social protection policies, are needed to integrate informal actors into sustainable local development systems
Institutional Pressure and the Adoption of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Mining Companies in Indonesia
This study uses institutional theory as the analytical framework to examine how institutional pressures affect the institutional adoption of sustainable development goals (SDGs) among mining companies in Indonesia. Through a qualitative content analysis of sustainability reports from 11 firms in three categories of ownership (state-owned enterprises, multinational corporations, and domestic private firms), this study examines different patterns of SDG integration due to coercive normative and mimetic pressures. The findings reveal that multinationals pursue the widest array of SDGs 15-16, motivated by global ESG expectations and investor demands. State-owned enterprises show moderate adoption of 10-12 goals mainly due to national regulations and the legitimacy of the public. Domestic private firms have high variability in 6-11 goals, with listed or parent-affiliated firms showing more substantive engagement than their smaller non-listed counterparts. Crucially, the research concludes that capital market affiliation, directly or indirectly, serves as a consistent normative force that increases the adoption of SDGs for all ownership types. This research contributes theoretically to the literature, showing that normative pressure from financial markets could outweigh coercive regulatory pressure in driving meaningful sustainability practices in developing economies. Practically, it provides practical insights for regulators, investors, and corporate leaders to enhance the implementation of SDGs beyond mere symbolic disclosure.
Technology Adoption and Competitive Advantage: The Role of Digital Payments in Tourism MSME Performance
This study investigates the impact of the digital payment adoption on the business performance of the tourism micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the Likupang Special Economic Zone of Indonesia. Using a combination of the Technology Acceptance Model, the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capability Theory, and Institutional Theory, the study examines survey data from 284 MSMEs and 18 stakeholder interviews. Results show that perceived usefulness and ease of use are essential factors for adoption. In addition, the greater the adoption of digital payments within the organization, the stronger the organizational capabilities (β = 0.41), which positively affect competitive advantage (β = 0.38) and, subsequently, business performance (β = 0.33). Network reliability, transparent merchant discount rates, and successful onboarding are institutional facilitators that significantly moderate the adoption-performance relationship (β = 0.12, p = 0.009). Sub-sectoral analysis reveals that accommodation and food and beverage have the highest transaction intensity and service integration, enabling substantial benefits, whereas transformations in transport and retail are minimal. The study shows that the strategic value of digital payments can be generated only if they are part of dynamic capacity-building processes and underpinned by facilitating institutional conditions. These understandings refute simplistic assumptions that adoption equals performance and emphasize the necessity of digital inclusion policies that are more tailored and ecosystem-sensitive in emerging tourist economies
Advancing Sustainability Through Holistic Ministry of Local Churches in North Sulawesi
This study examines why local churches in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, struggle to translate their theological commitments to justice and creation care into sustained and holistic ministries aligned with sustainability principles. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, data were gathered from 178 congregants, four focus groups (n=32), and eight key informant interviews across three Protestant churches. The study identifies five issues interrelated like: (1) the gap in the operation; (2) the human resources gap; (3) the financial weakness; (4) the cultural-theological gap; and (5) the underutilized assets.. Critically, these barriers reinforce themselves, creating a self-perpetuating cycle of inertia. The study provides an empirically grounded understanding of faith-based sustainability challenges in the Global South, shifting the discourse from deficit-based to asset-based approaches. It highlights the importance of holistic interventions that simultaneously focus on theological re-education, institutional capacity, and financial innovation. Strategies such as designing stepwise ministry toolkits, establishing minor lay-coordinating roles, creating various funding sources through social enterprises or grants, and redefining ecological and social action as part of the ecclesial identity are among the recommendations. Such findings provide a replicable template for churches worldwide that seek to connect faith and sustainable action in ways that resonate with their cultures
The Leadership of Genghis Khan and Its Implications for National Unity
The leadership of Genghis Khan has been a topic that continues to captivate the attention of historians and social scientists due to his success in transforming fragmented nomadic tribes across the Central Asian plains into one of the largest and most influential empires in world history. This study aims to examine the leadership values implemented by Genghis Khan in building the Mongol Empire, as well as to understand the implications of these values on the formation and strengthening of national unity. While the Mongol Empire is often remembered for its brutality and widespread conquest wars, history also shows that under Genghis Khan's rule, a period of extraordinary stability emerged, known as Pax Mongolica. This stability brought security along the Silk Road, connecting the East and the West, as well as the North and the South, thus supporting the exchange of goods through trade, the spread of religion and ideologies, and the development of technology and knowledge across civilizations. This research uses a qualitative approach with a historical method, through a literature study of various secondary sources. The analysis is conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner to trace the dynamics of power, military strategy, and the social-political values that formed the foundation of Genghis Khan's leadership. The findings show that Genghis Khan’s success was not solely driven by military power, but also by the application of visionary and adaptive leadership principles. He implemented a meritocratic system in the appointment of officials and military commanders, enforced laws through the Yasa, which functioned as the empire’s constitution, and established an inclusive governance structure that involved various ethnicities and religions in the administration. These values created social stability, strengthened the legitimacy of power, and fostered loyalty that transcended tribal and racial boundaries. The findings affirm that Genghis Khan’s leadership had a strong implication for the formation of national unity because he placed justice, competence, and legal order as the main pillars of governance. In a contemporary context, these values are relevant as inspiration for building a multicultural and democratic nation, where social justice, openness, and meritocracy serve as the foundation for creating sustainable national cohesion.
ACCESSIBILITY OF EDUCATION THROUGH OPEN HIGH SCHOOL: A LITERATURE REVIEW FROM PIERRE BOURDIEU'S PERSPECTIVE
This study analyzes the accessibility of secondary education through the Open High School (SMA Terbuka) program as an alternative solution for communities in remote areas facing geographical and economic constraints. Using Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework, the study explores the dynamics of capital (economic, cultural, social, and symbolic), habitus , and the educational field in line with the context of Open High School implementation. The research methodology adopts a desk study approach with qualitative analysis of policy data and relevant literature. The findings indicate that Open High Schools significantly increase the availability of educational services, but still face challenges in terms of digital accessibility and student participation. Disparities in technological literacy and digital infrastructure are undoubtedly major obstacles to the program's effectiveness. Bourdieusian analysis reveals how inequality in students' initial capital affects their ability to utilize alternative educational opportunities. The study concludes that Open High Schools have great potential in reducing educational inequality, but requires comprehensive policy intervention to address structural barriers. The research recommendations emphasize the importance of strengthening digital infrastructure, increasing technological literacy, and empowering communities to maximize the benefits of Open High Schools as an instrument for realizing equitable and just education.
DISCOURSE, POWER, AND IDENTITY: A FOUCAULDIAN READING OF MUHAMMADIYAH'S NARRATIVE AND PRACTICE
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap bagaimana Muhammadiyah sebagai organisasi Islam modern di Indonesia membentuk dan mempertahankan identitas keagamaannya melalui wacana yang diproduksi secara institusional, serta bagaimana mekanisme kekuasaan beroperasi dalam proses konstruksi identitas tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis dengan kerangka teoretis Michel Foucault, khususnya konsep arkeologi dan genealogi wacana, guna menelaah dokumen-dokumen resmi, pernyataan kebijakan, dan narasi publik yang dikeluarkan oleh Muhammadiyah periode 2000-2020. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Muhammadiyah berhasil mengartikulasikan wacana keagamaan progresif yang mendukung demokrasi dan masyarakat sipil, sehingga mewujud kekuatan pendorong bagi perubahan sosial konstruktif. Salah satu wacana terpenting adalah “Islam Berkemajuan”, sebuah narasi yang memungkinkan Muhammadiyah melakukan penyesuaian terhadap modernitas sambil tetap mempertahankan prinsip-prinsip Islam yang fundamental. Secara spesifik, Muhammadiyah tampak mahir melakukan subjektivasi anggotanya agar mempunyai kesadaran kritis terhadap isu-isu sosial, sembari menciptakan ruang bagi partisipasi aktif dalam ranah publik melalui artikulasi narasi keagamaan nan transformatif.
THE IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE ON STUDENTS’ TRAFFIC AWARENESS AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN PANGKALAN KURAS DISTRICT
This study investigates the effect of students’ knowledge on traffic awareness among junior high school students at SMP Negeri Sorek Dua, Pangkalan Kuras, Pelalawan, Riau. A quantitative descriptive design was employed using total sampling of 224 students (Grades VII–IX). Data were collected via two Likert-scale questionnaires (16 items for knowledge; 16 items for awareness). Instrument quality was confirmed through item validity testing and reliability analysis (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.873 for knowledge; 0.862 for awareness). Assumption checks indicated normal data distribution and a linear relationship between variables. Descriptively, students’ traffic knowledge was high (mean score = 84.2), and traffic awareness was good (mean score = 81.5). Simple linear regression showed significant and effect of knowledge on traffic awareness. There is 79% of the variance in awareness is explained by knowledge, with the remaining 21% attributable to other factors. These findings highlight the central role of cognitive understanding in shaping safe traffic behavior. Practically, integrating traffic safety content into Social Studies (IPS), coupled with experiential activities (simulations, role-play) and reinforcement through school patrol (PKS), is recommended to transform knowledge into consistent safe practices.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION: ADAPTIVE LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS) WITH PEER ASSESSMENT FEATURES IN MICROTEACHING COURSES
Developing the teaching competence of pre-service teachers requires feedback that is effective, timely, and continuous. Microteaching is a required course where student teachers design and practice lessons, although it often faces problems because feedback from lecturers is limited by time and resources. To solve this, the study created an adaptive Learning Management System (LMS) with peer-assessment features. This research used the ADDIE model, which included assessing needs, designing the system, creating prototypes, implementing the model, and evaluating the results. The results show that the adaptive LMS had a positive impact on student learning. Based on feasibility criteria, most students rated the system “Valid,” with an average score of 80.8%. Peer feedback, collaboration, and reflection were the main strengths, while active participation still needed small improvements. Students found the LMS easy to use, though some had difficulties at first with the instructions. Overall, the system was practical, effective, and ready to use, with only minor changes required. This study demonstrates that an adaptive LMS with peer-assessment can enhance feedback, support reflection, and strengthen teaching skills in microteaching courses.
THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, LIFESTYLE AND PERSONAL INCOME ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN GENERATION Z IN SOUTH JAKARTA
ABSTRACT This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of financial literacy, lifestyle, and personal income on financial management among Generation Z in South Jakarta. Study results show that digital developments have made Generation Z more open to accessing information, thereby improving financial management. However, other studies indicate that Generation Z has limited ability in financial management. Therefore, the topic of financial management becomes interesting to explore. South Jakarta was chosen as the research object because its population is predominantly Generation Z. In addition, South Jakarta is also a hub for youth trends in various aspects, particularly lifestyle, fashion, and social gathering spots. The quantitative research method used is non-probability with a random sampling technique, and the sample size was determined using the Cooper and Emory formula, totaling 100 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 27. The research results indicate that financial literacy has an influence on financial management. Lifestyle also has a proven influence on financial management. Personal income has an influence on financial management as well. Simultaneous testing results also show that financial literacy, lifestyle, and personal income have a collective influence on financial management.
TUTOR STRATEGIES IN INCREASING THE MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS TO LEARN AT PKBM BUNDA THROUGH A PARTICIPATORY LEARNING MODEL
This study aims to analyze tutor strategies in increasing the motivation of students to learn at PKBM Bunda through the application of a participatory learning model. The research background is based on low motivation to learn, which has an impact on participation, attendance, and the level of equality of the program. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques include the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that tutors play a role not only as teachers, but also as facilitators, motivators, and learning companions. The strategies implemented include collaborative learning planning, the use of problem-based learning methods, strengthening social interactions, and project-based evaluations that emphasize relevance to the real lives of learning residents. This research complements previous research that generally only highlighted motivation strategies in general and tutor professionalism, This study confirms that the application of participatory learning models in PKBM is effective not only in increasing the intrinsic motivation of learning citizens, but also in strengthening social solidarity and forming a cohesive learning community. These findings prove that the participatory learning model is able to increase intrinsic motivation, active involvement, and confidence of participants, while strengthening social among learning residents.
DETAILED LAND REGISTRATION MECHANISM AND ITS LEGALITY IN MAKASSAR CITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE HISTORICAL SCHOOL
This study examines the legal validity of landholding based on rincik within Indonesia’s land law architecture and the registration mechanism in Makassar from a historical school perspective. The objectives are to map the status of rincik as an old title record, to explain administrative conversion toward land certificates via sporadic registration and PTSL, and to test the evidentiary space of rincik in civil disputes. The method is normative legal research using statutory and historical approaches, reinforced by dogmatic interpretation, hermeneutic reading, and field inquiry with land officials. The legal frame covers UUPA Article 19 and Government Regulation 24 of 1997 Articles 23, 24 paragraph 2, 26, and 32 paragraph 1, as well as ATR BPN Regulation 6 of 2018 and Presidential Instruction 2 of 2018. Findings position rincik as preliminary juridical data with conditional probative value that may be recognized when authenticity is proven, long term possession exceeding twenty years is shown, credible witnesses are presented, fiscal duties are evidenced, and spatial consistency with surveys is demonstrated. The registration mechanism covers application submission, juridical verification, physical survey, thirty day public announcement, rights determination, and certificate issuance. Jurisprudence from Makassar in Andi Baso Matutu confirms a corridor for non certificate documents, where a verified rincik supported by possession, witnesses, and data integrity may culminate in a final and binding judgment and execution. The results affirm the certificate as the strongest title while recognizing rincik as an evidentiary gateway and a basis for conversion toward certification through PTSL.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL ETHNOBOTANY MODULE BASED ON BANYUWANGI LOCAL WISDOM TO IMPROVE THE SCIENCE LITERACY OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS
This research aims to develop a digital teaching module for ethnobotany based on Banyuwangi local wisdom to improve the scientific literacy of prospective biology teacher students at the Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Banyuwangi. This research uses a development research model, the ADDIE model. ADDIE is an acronym for Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of one material expert, one media expert, biology education students taking ethnobotany courses. To see the effectiveness of learning by using the digital teaching module of ethnobotany based on Banyuwangi local wisdom for prospective teacher students, an assessment was used by giving tests before and after learning using the digital teaching module of ethnobotany. The results of the module development have been validated by material and media expert validation and show that this module is very suitable for use in learning in the ethnobotany course. The results of this module development are also quite effective in improving the scientific literacy of prospective biology teacher students when viewed from test scores.
FORM OF THE REED WEAVING DANCE PERFORMANCE AT THE NATYARIPTA DRAMA
This study aims to examine the performance form of the Reed Weaving Dance performed at the Natyaripta Studio, Margotentrem Village. The Reed Weaving Dance is a creative dance that depicts the process of weaving reeds into various forms of handicrafts with agile movements and simple yet elegant costumes. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, through data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The main interview was conducted with Mrs. Susi Trianasari as a resource person who played an active role in the development of the dance. The results of the study show that the Reed Weaving Dance performance not only displays a series of movements that represent the weaving process, but also contains cultural values such as patience, perseverance, and creativity that are the identity of the Margotentrem community. The accompanying music used is a combination of traditional and modern musical instruments, while the dance properties support the concept of the performance. This research is expected to contribute to the preservation of creative dance arts and increase public awareness of the importance of maintaining and developing local culture.
LEARNING MEDIA THAT IMPROVE SOLAR SYSTEM LEARNING OUTCOMES
This study aims to analyze the differences in learning outcomes between students using video and those using e-books, as well as the impact of learning motivation on understanding the Solar System material. The research design employs a quasi-experimental approach involving 42 sixth-grade students from SD Negeri Rejosopinggir. The results indicate that the use of video significantly enhances students' learning outcomes, with an average posttest score of 82.9 compared to 78.3 for the e-book group. Additionally, students with high motivation show a greater score increase. These findings suggest that learning media should be tailored to students' motivation levels to achieve optimal learning outcomes.
ANALYSIS OF THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING MATERIALS INTEGRATED WITH CHARACTER STRENGTHENING
This study aims to analyze the need for developing Indonesian language teaching materials integrated with character strengthening for grade 4 students at Publik Elementry School 38 Ternate. The study uses a Research and Development (R&D) model with the Haffin & Peck approach and a descriptive qualitative data type. Data collection techniques used include interviews and questionnaires distributed to students and teachers to explore perceptions and needs related to integrating character strengthening into Indonesian language learning. The results of the study show several main issues: the lack of integration of character in the existing teaching materials, as well as the limitations in using teaching materials based on local wisdom. The target of this research includes students and teachers, with the goal of identifying the need for more relevant teaching materials that support character strengthening. The research tasks include analyzing the existing teaching materials, evaluating character education, and mapping local wisdom that can be integrated into the learning process. The school and social environment also play a crucial role, with parental involvement, access to technology, and local wisdom being factors that support or hinder the development of teaching materials. Based on these findings, the study concludes that there is an urgent need to develop innovative Indonesian language teaching materials that are character-based and integrated with local wisdom, which can enhance the quality of learning at Publik Elementry School 38 Ternate.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON USING CHATGPT IN EDUCATION
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has introduced new opportunities in education, one of which is the use of ChatGPT. This application is believed to support teachers in designing lesson plans, developing test items, and providing more creative variations in the learning process. However, its utilization at the elementary school level still raises concerns, particularly regarding teachers’ readiness, infrastructural limitations, and ethical considerations. Therefore, this study aims to explore elementary school teachers’ perspectives on the use of ChatGPT, with a particular focus on Tomohon City. The objective of this research is to describe the benefits, challenges, and expectations of teachers in employing ChatGPT as part of the teaching and learning process. A descriptive qualitative method was applied, involving all elementary school teachers in Tomohon City, totaling 192 teachers from 32 schools. Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using thematic analysis with the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings indicate that most teachers hold a positive perception of ChatGPT, especially in enhancing the efficiency of lesson plan preparation and the development of instructional materials. Nevertheless, teachers still face challenges such as limited digital literacy, inadequate internet access, and concerns regarding information accuracy and ethical use. Teachers also emphasize the importance of digital literacy training and ethical guidelines to ensure more effective utilization of ChatGPT. These findings contribute to the academic discourse by broadening the understanding of generative AI adoption in elementary education while highlighting the need for policy support, infrastructure improvement, and teacher capacity-building.
DEVELOPMENT OF PICTURE BOOK SERIES LEARNING MEDIA IN STRENGTHENING THE PANCASILA STUDENT PROFILE AT MTS MUHAMMADIYAH SANDEN
This study aims to develop a *Picture Book Series* learning medium in order to strengthen the Pancasila student profile and analyse its application at MTs Muhammadiyah Sanden. This study uses a development research method with the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data were collected through student response questionnaires in small and large scale trials, as well as observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of media validation by media experts and subject matter experts indicate that this media is highly suitable for use. In the implementation stage, the media was tested on two groups, namely a small-scale trial (5 students) and a large-scale trial (28 students), with results of 88% and 86.4%, respectively, in the very practical category. An evaluation was conducted to assess the success of the media, and revisions were made based on input from validators and the results of the trials. The results of the study show that the Picture Book Series media is effective as a learning tool for strengthening the Pancasila learner profile, with the use of stories and language appropriate to the level of understanding of junior high school students. The application of this media has succeeded in increasing student motivation and enthusiasm for learning
THE IMPACT OF INSTAGRAM USE ON TEENAGERS' SOCIAL INTERACTION AND EDUCATION
In today's digital era, thel use ofl social lmedia, especially Instagram, has lbecome an important partl of teenagers' llives. However, despite its benefits, excessive usel of Instagram canl have al negative impactl on teenagers' social interactions and learning processes. Thel purpose of this study is to explore the impact of Instagram use on teenagers' social interactions and education and to understand the role of Instagram as an effective and balanced educational tool, as well as the negative impacts that can arise if Instagram use is not regulated wisely. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The research informants included three students. Data was collected through techniques such as interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. The results of the study indicate that the use of Instagram by teenagers has both positive and negative impacts. On the one hand, Instagram strengthens social interactions with friends and teachers and increases self-confidence through the sharing of experiences and creative content. However, excessive use also causes disruption to learning focus, reduces time for academic tasks, and disturbs sleep quality. Uncontrolled use of Instagram can affect learning motivation and academic achievement.
INTERNALIZING THE VALUE OF UNITY IN THE THIRD PRINCIPLE OF PANCASILA THROUGH LEGO-LEGO DANCE IN ALOR REGENCY
This study aims to analyse the internalisation of the value of unity in the third principle of Pancasila through Lego-Lego dance and its relevance in the era of globalisation. The focus of this study is to discuss the form of internalisation of the value of unity in the third principle of Pancasila through Lego-Lego dance and the relevance of strengthening the value of unity in Lego-Lego dance in the era of globalisation. The method used in this study is a phenomenological approach. This study uses two sources of data, namely primary and secondary data. The primary data consists of in-depth interviews with traditional leaders and civic education teachers. The secondary data consists of documents, scientific articles, and relevant previous studies. The results of this study indicate that the Lego-Lego dance serves as a medium for internalising the value of unity through the formation of a circle and holding hands, which symbolises togetherness, music and lyrics that symbolise emotional bonds, collective participation that fosters inclusiveness, and rituals that reinforce the meaning of unity in social life. In the era of globalisation, Lego-Lego as a medium for internalising the value of Unity plays an important role in strengthening national identity, instilling values of tolerance in a multicultural society, becoming a glue for social cohesion, and also functioning as a medium for learning Citizenship Education.
MODEL OF SUPERVISION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TO ENSURE THE PROTECTION AND WELFARE OF DOMESTIC WORKERS IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE CITY OF EAST JAKARTA
This study aims to analyze the legal protection of domestic workers (PRT) within the framework of constitutional and statutory law, identify the factors contributing to weak supervision over the fulfillment of domestic workers' rights in the household sector, and formulate an effective supervision model within the administrative context of East Jakarta. Employing a normative-empirical legal method with statutory, conceptual, and sociological approaches, this research integrates primary data obtained through interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving government institutions and civil society organizations. The findings reveal that constitutional protection for domestic workers is guaranteed under Article 27(2) and Article 28D(2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD NRI 1945). Nevertheless, implementation remains weak due to the absence of legal recognition of households as workplaces within the national labor law framework. The ineffectiveness of supervision in fulfilling domestic workers' rights is attributed to four key factors: limited scope of supervision, restricted jurisdiction and authority of local government agencies at the administrative city level, institutional fragmentation among state bodies, and a formalistic bureaucratic culture. As a solution, this study proposes an effective supervision model grounded in the principles of legal inclusivity, institutional collaboration, and community participation. The model consists of five main components: (1) neighborhood-based registration (RT/RW) to ensure that domestic employment relationships are officially recorded and monitored by the state; (2) strengthening the role of Domestic Worker Placement Agencies (LPPRT) as legal entities responsible for training and grievance mechanisms; (3) integration of cross-agency complaint systems through proactive technology-based coordination; (4) public education and empowerment of domestic worker communities to enhance legal awareness; and (5) establishment of complaint centers at the sub-district (kecamatan) level. This study concludes that labor law reform should aim to recognize domestic work as a legitimate form of employment, decentralize supervisory authority, and develop a living legal system rooted in the values of social justice.
EXPLORATION OF SELF-REGULATION IN DEALING WITH PEER PRESSURE AMONG STUDENTS AT MA MADINATUSSALAM
This research is an in-depth exploration of students' struggles in confronting peer pressure within the school environment. These various pressures, such as a consumerist lifestyle, cheating behavior, and mild bullying, are not just social issues, but a serious test of students' integrity and authentic identity. The goal of this study is to document their real-life experiences and uncover the self-regulation strategies that enable them to survive, and even thrive, amidst these challenges. Through an interpretive phenomenological approach, this qualitative research deeply delves into the students' experiences. Findings indicate that amidst the onslaught of peer pressure, students face a major dilemma: between the intense desire to be accepted by the group and the drive to maintain their true selves. The path toward self-reliance is not easy; it requires the integration of mutually reinforcing strategies. The participants successfully navigated this internal conflict by utilizing strategies for reinforcing self-values and principles as a moral compass, motivational strategies grounded in future aspirations, assertive communication as a shield, and time and stress management as tools for staying focused. This study highlights that merely having high aspirations is insufficient to guarantee success. Without a strong foundation of principles, these aspirations can be fragile and easily swept away by the current. Conversely, principles without strong motivational drive risk trapping an individual in stagnation. This finding serves as a valuable reminder to us all: that the courage to be different and the self-awareness to manage oneself are the keys to unlocking full potential. Through this research, it is hoped that educators, parents, and students themselves will be inspired to build
DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP SKILLS SURVEY IN HIGH SCHOOL
This research is motivated by the need to understand the digital citizenship skills of high school students as part of strengthening Global Citizenship Education and integrating the Pancasila Education curriculum. The purpose of the research is to measure students' digital citizenship skills, identify strengths and weaknesses in each dimension, and provide recommendations for curriculum development. The method used was a quantitative survey with 896 respondents from public high schools in the city of Bandung. The instrument in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire covers four dimensions: Digital Access, Digital Communication, Digital Etiquette, and Digital Rights & Responsibilities. The results showed that students' skills were in the medium to high category, with strengths in the aspects of digital security and polite communication, while weaknesses were seen in the creativity of positive content and the ability to explain ideas clearly. These findings underscore the importance of learning that emphasizes not only technical literacy, but also critical communication, empathy, and productive contributions in the digital space. As a result, the results of this study provide an empirical basis for schools and policymakers in strengthening the Pancasila Education curriculum based on deep learning. The next recommendation is the need for longitudinal research and curriculum interventions to optimize the role of students as critical, ethical, and participatory digital citizens.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DISPUTE TECHNIQUE GROUP COUNSELING COGNITIVE IN OVERCOMING FEAR OF FAILURE IN STUDENTS QUR'AN MEMORIZER AT MA TAHFIZHIL QURAN MEDAN
The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether group therapy using the Cognitive Dispute approach can help students at MA Tahfizhil Qur'an Medan who memorize the Qur'an overcome the fear of failure. This study uses a quantitative methodology using a Nonequivalent Control Group Design and a Quasi Experimental form. There were 50 students in the study population, 25 of whom were in class XI-A and 25 of whom were in class XI-B. Five students from class XI-A served as the experimental group and five students from class XI-B served as the control group in this study. Purposive sampling is a method used for sampling. With the use of SPSS 22 for WindWos, the data analysis method uses the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Asymp values were obtained using the findings of the Mann-Whitney test. The Wilcoxon test findings showed a result of 0.042 ˂ 0.05, and sig. (2-tailed) is 0.009 ˂ 0.05. According to the test results, there was a striking difference between the experimental and control groups, and it can be concluded that offering group counseling services using the Cognitive Dispute technique helped students who memorized the Qur'an overcome their Fear of Failure.
DJP EMPLOYEE MANIPULATION PRACTICES FROM A CRITICAL THEORY PERSPECTIVE: THE TAX PARADOX AS AN IDEOLOGICAL TOOL AND FISCAL INSTRUMENT FOR COLLECTING STATE REVENUE
The integrity of tax administration in Indonesia faces significant challenges due to emerging patterns of fraud involving officials from the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP) who privately hold shares in tax consultancy firms. This phenomenon reflects a deeper systemic issue where taxation, ideally serving as both a fiscal tool and an ideological instrument for economic justice, is co-opted for personal gain. Our current study aims to critically examine how such ownership structures create conflicts of interest and facilitate corruption within the tax system. Employing a qualitative research design, we adopt a critical theory framework—particularly the Frankfurt School tradition—and apply the Fraud Triangle model to interpret fraud patterns. Data were collected through content analysis of national media coverage and in-depth interviews with taxation experts, anti-corruption officials, and academics. Findings reveal that insider access and authority are exploited to manipulate tax obligations, weakening public trust and undermining the redistributive function of tax policy. These actions create systemic risks by normalizing unethical behavior within public institutions. Our study emphasizes the need for independent oversight, stricter conflict-of-interest regulations, and reforms in ethical governance to restore institutional credibility and enhance tax compliance.