SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL
Jurnal sosioedukasi (e-ISSN: 2541-612X, Print ISSN 2086-6135) diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, diterbitkan dua kali setahun pada bulan mei dan november. fokus Scientific Journals of Education and Social. dan pertahun 2025 menjadi 4 kali terbitan yaitu Maret, Juni, Septeber dan Desember. Jurnal sosioedukasi mencakup semua bidang dan periode dalam Pendidikan dan sosial, yang membahas semua aspek pendidikan termasuk ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan politik dan hukum. Semua pendekatan bisa di terima. Jurnal ini menerima berbagai format termasuk artikel dari forum ilmiah, esai ulasan, dan masalah khusus. Editor juga menerima ulasan buku untuk diterbitkan di bagian khusus dari publikasi. Artikel-artikel tersebut dapat ditulis untuk disampaikan dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris.
Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST NARCOTICS DISTRIBUTION THROUGH VAPE LIQUID: A STUDY AT THE NORTH SUMATRA REGIONAL POLICE
This research is entitled Law Enforcement Against the Spread of Narcotics Through Vape Liquid (North Sumatra Regional Police Study). The formulation of the problem is (1) What are the factors that cause the spread of narcotics through vape liquid? (2) How is law enforcement carried out by the North Sumatra Regional Police in overcoming the spread of narcotics through vape liquid? (3) What are the obstacles for the North Sumatra Regional Police in enforcing the law against the spread of narcotics through vape liquid? The research method used is normative juridical legal research, with a descriptive analytical research type. To approach the problem, a normative juridical approach is used. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results of the study show that (1) The unemployment factor has a significant impact on perpetrators in carrying out their actions to distribute narcotics through vape liquid. Of course, this is the main source of narcotics dealers to get money even though it is done in an improper way to support their family's needs (2) Law enforcement carried out by the North Sumatra Regional Police in overcoming the spread of narcotics through vape liquid is to ensnare narcotics perpetrators with Article 114 subsidiary Article 112 of Law No. 35 of 2009 with a penalty of 20 years in prison. After an investigation at the Police level, the North Sumatra Regional Police have then submitted the case files to the Medan District Attorney's Office to be processed in court to obtain legal certainty. (3) Obstacles to the North Sumatra Regional Police in enforcing the law on the spread of narcotics through vape liquid, namely the increasing spread of cases of abuse of electronic cigarettes which contain narcotics, this is because Indonesia does not yet have specific regulations governing alternative tobacco products, other than those related to excise. These regulations must be separated from the Narcotics Law or the Narcotics Law must be immediately revised with the addition of liquid narcotics.
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MAPPING LITERARY MATERIAL IN THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TEXTBOOK IN KURIKULUM MERDEKA FOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL
This study aims to map the literary material contained in the Smart and Intelligent Indonesian Language and Literature textbook for the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) for high school. The study focuses on the form, type, and depth of the literary material presented in the textbook and its suitability to the learning outcomes of the Independent Curriculum. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis techniques. Data include texts, learning activities, and literary project assignments contained in the textbook for grades X, XI, and XII. The results show that the literary material in the textbook covers various genres, including poetry, short stories, novels, drama, and literary reflective texts. The material is presented with a contextual and integrative approach that emphasizes appreciation, interpretation, and creative expression of students. However, there is an imbalance in the proportion between classical and modern literature, as well as limited exploration of regional literary works and digital contemporary literature. In conclusion, this textbook has implemented the spirit of the Independent Curriculum, which emphasizes experience-based literary learning and humanitarian values. However, it needs content enrichment and cross-cultural appreciation activities to make literature learning in high school more holistic and relevant to current developments.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE, ADAPTIVE PERFORMANCE, AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT CV. SS JAYA GRUP
Employee performance is one of the important factors in supporting the achievement of organizational goals and is influenced by individual conditions and work environment support. This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance, adaptive performance, and perceived organizational support on employee performance on CV. SS JAYA GRUP as a medium-scale company. The research uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. The entire population of 40 employees was sampled through saturated sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out using a four-point Likert scale questionnaire, then analyzed through validity, reliability, classical assumption test, simple regression, and multiple linear regression. The results showed that work-life balance, adaptive performance, and perceived organizational support partially and simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a determination coefficient of 72.9%. Among these variables, Work-Life Balance had the most substantial effect on employee performance. This research provides empirical insights into the relationship between individual and organizational factors in shaping employee performance in medium-sized companies.
THE ROLE OF DARUL FALAH ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN AEK SONGSONGAN
This study examines the role of Pesantren Darul Falah in transforming Islamic education in Aek Songsongan. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method to understand the changes in Islamic education within the local community after the establishment of the pesantren. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation involving pesantren leaders, teachers, students, and community members. The results show that before the establishment of Pesantren Darul Falah, Islamic education in Aek Songsongan was still informal and not institutionally organized, mainly conducted through traditional Quranic learning and small religious gatherings. The presence of the pesantren brought significant changes by introducing a more structured and systematic educational system, improving religious understanding, and strengthening the moral and spiritual development of the community. In addition, the pesantren also contributed to increasing community participation in religious activities and improving achievements in religious competitions. Although the pesantren initially faced challenges related to public perceptions of the boarding school system, over time it gained trust and support from the community. Therefore, Pesantren Darul Falah plays an important role not only as an Islamic educational institution but also as an agent of educational and socio-religious transformation in Aek Songsongan.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF LAND RIGHTS ACQUIRED FROM MIXED MARRIAGES
Mixed marital unions between Indonesian Citizens (WNI) and Foreign Nationals (WNA) may precipitate legal complexities, particularly concerning the governance of land title interests and the apportionment of inherited estates. Such complications arise due to the stipulations of Indonesian land law, which restrict the entitlement to Title Right (Hak Milik) solely to Indonesian citizens, as prescribed under Law Number 5 of 1966 concerning the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). This research seeks to examine the modalities of legal safeguards pertaining to land rights derived from mixed marriages, alongside the procedural frameworks for the distribution of hereditary land assets within such unions. Employing a normative legal methodology, this study adopts statutory and conceptual approaches, drawing upon primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources subjected to descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that legal protection over land rights in mixed marriages may be realized through the execution of a prenuptial agreement stipulating the separation of marital assets, thereby enabling the Indonesian spouse to retain land under Title Right status. In matters of inheritance, foreign nationals are still recognized as heirs; however, ownership of land title rights is restricted by the obligation to release or transfer such rights within one year of acquisition, downgrade the right to right of use (hak pakai), or sell the land to a qualifying party in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
DEVELOPMENT OF IPAS INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA USING AUGMENTED REALITY TO IMPROVE THE UNDERSTANDING OF GRADE V ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
The low level of students’ understanding of the Human Respiratory System material and the limited availability of learning media capable of visualizing abstract respiratory organs form the background of this study. The objectives of this research are: (1) to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based science learning media on the human respiratory system material; (2) to analyze the validity of the AR-based learning media; (3) to examine the practicality of the AR-based learning media; (4) to test the effectiveness of the AR-based learning media in improving students’ learning outcomes; and (5) to analyze the differences in learning outcomes between the use of AR-based media and expository learning. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model comprising five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects were 26 experimental class students and 28 control class students. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, questionnaires, expert validation, and learning outcome tests (pretest and posttest). Data analysis used descriptive statistics, N-Gain Score analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U Test. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation. Results showed media expert validation of 4.8 (Very Good) and content expert validation of 4.6 (Very Good); teacher response 4.6 (Very Good) and student response 3.45 (Very Good). The experimental class mean posttest score (90.65) exceeded the control class (87.93). N-Gain Score analysis showed that the experimental class mean N-Gain of 75.53 (High category) exceeded the control class mean of 57.12 (Medium category), demonstrating that the interactive AR-based IPAS learning media is more effective in improving student understanding
THE INFLUENCE OF RINCIPALS’ INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF MRANGGEN DISTRICT, DEMAK REGENCY
The quality of education in elementary schools is strongly influenced by teachers’ performance, which in turn is shaped by school leadership practices. This study aims to examine the influence of principals’ instructional leadership on teacher performance in public elementary schools in Dabin III, Mranggen District, Demak Regency. A quantitative approach with a causal associative design was employed. The population consisted of 139 teachers, with 103 teachers selected as respondents using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The results show that principals’ instructional leadership has a positive and statistically significant effect on teacher performance. The regression analysis indicates that instructional leadership explains approximately 29% of the variance in teacher performance, suggesting a moderate influence. These findings imply that principals who effectively supervise instruction, provide academic guidance, and support professional development can enhance teachers’ ability to perform their duties. Strengthening instructional leadership is therefore essential for improving teaching quality and school effectiveness.
PRESERVING CULTURE AND REVIVING ANCESTRAL HERITAGE THROUGH HISTORICAL STUDIES AND LIVE ACTION VIDEO PRODUCTION OF KEBO-KEBOAN BANYUWANGI
This study aims to reconstruct the local history of the Kebo-Keboan tradition in Alasmalang Village, map its values, symbols, and socio-cultural functions, and design a research-based live action video production as a preservation education medium. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a historical approach through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography; data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with the Traditional Leader (Doni Agus Fergianto/Mbah Doni), ritual figure Mbah Ribut, and Village Head Abdul Munir, accompanied by documentation and document studies. The results show that Kebo-Keboan is rooted in the memory of crisis (pagebluk) and the legitimacy of sacred spaces (Watu Loso and cornerstones), developing through a period of formation, organizational strengthening, and a modern phase marked by audience expansion, packaging adjustments, and the need for representational control. The conclusion of the study confirms that the integration of historical studies and community-validated live action video production can broaden access to understanding for the younger generation without shifting the community's cultural authority. The limitations of the study lie in the dominance of oral sources and the lack of a long-term media impact evaluation.
INSTITUTIONALIZING SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY: PRINCIPAL’S STRATEGIES FOR STRENGTHENING SCHOOL LITERACY ECOSYSTEMS
The challenges of the 21st century demand comprehensive literacy mastery as the main modality of national competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the Principal's Strategic Management in institutionalizing a research culture through a mandatory Youth Scientific Work (KIR) policy for all students. Research is generally only an optional extracurricular activity, but in SMA Negeri 1 Rembang, KIR has become a mandatory extracurricular activity and even writing a KIR report is one of the graduation requirements. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies, and validated using triangulation of techniques and sources. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The research findings reveal that the successful implementation of the principal's strategy in implementing a literacy strengthening program through mandatory student KIR rests on four pillars of execution: (1) Creation of an effective organizational structure through the formation of a special KIR team; (2) Determination of procedures focused on the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for intensive clinical guidance; (3) Program development focused on implementing research methodology training and participating in research competitions; and (4) Accountable resource management to support a sustainable school literacy ecosystem. This study concludes that strengthening literacy is not enough to be built with a reading movement alone, but must be institutionalized through a mandatory and structured scientific inquiry curriculum so that a research culture is formed within the school literacy ecosystem.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CAREER READINESS ASSESSMENT TOOL BASED ON INTERESTS, POTENTIAL, AND SOFT SKILLS FOR VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study aims to develop a career readiness instrument for vocational high school students in the Software Engineering and Computer and Network Engineering programs. The instrument was developed by adapting three main constructs related to career readiness: career interests, individual potential, and soft skills. This study employs an instrument development approach that includes the stages of literature review, formulation of indicators and item statements, expert validation, as well as testing the validity and reliability of the instrument. Interest indicators were adapted from the RIASEC theory proposed by Holland, potential indicators were adapted from Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences concept, while soft skills indicators were adapted from work competency concepts relevant to industry needs. The developed instrument was validated by three experts, consisting of one guidance and counseling expert and two industry practitioners serving as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Human Resources (HR) professionals. After undergoing a revision process, the instrument was pilot-tested on 30 vocational high school students in the Software Engineering and Computer and Network Engineering programs. The validity test results showed that most items met the validity criteria, while several items were eliminated because they had correlation values below the specified threshold. The reliability test results showed a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.946 for the interest instrument, 0.929 for the potential instrument, and 0.982 for the soft skills instrument, indicating a very high level of internal consistency. The results of this study indicate that the developed instruments are valid and reliable for measuring the career readiness of vocational high school students and can be used as tools in career guidance services in the field of information technology.
DO CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURES ENHANCE FIRM VALUE? THE MODERATING ROLES OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
This study aims to examine the influence of carbon emission disclosures and firm value by high-profile firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2020-2024. In addition, the study further examined the moderating role of earnings management and good corporate governance on this relationship. The total sample of 19 high-profile firms was obtained using purposive sampling method. The hypothesis testing was conducted using the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The research find that carbon emission disclosures does not have an effect on firm value. Furthermore, earnings management can strengthen the relationship between carbon emission disclosures and firm value. Meanwhile, good corporate governance cannot strengthen the relationship between carbon emission disclosures and firm value. The results contribute to the literature in the fields of carbon emission disclosures and firm value by demonstrating the moderating role of earnings management and good corporate governance, which is not evident in previous studies. It also provides an enhanced perspective on the implications for firms, regulators, policymakers, and stakeholders who are interested in reducing carbon emissions and advancing climate change mitigation goals in line with the net zero emissions (NZE) goal by 2060. The implications of this study highlight the importance for firms to enhance the quality and credibility of carbon emission disclosures to provide stronger positive perception to investors, rather than merely fulfilling regulatory compliances.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR INTEGRATING GREEN SKILLS INTO THE VOCATIONAL FASHION DESIGN CURRICULUM TO SUPPORT EMPLOYABILITY IN THE SUSTAINABLE FASHION INDUSTRY
The transition toward a green economy has significantly transformed various industrial sectors, including the fashion industry, which is recognized as one of the largest contributors to environmental degradation. This condition requires a workforce equipped with green skills to support sustainable industry practices. Vocational education plays a strategic role in preparing graduates for these demands; however, the integration of green skills into vocational curricula remains limited. This study aims to develop a conceptual model for integrating green skills into the vocational fashion curriculum to enhance work readiness in the sustainable fashion industry. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method. The findings reveal that the proposed model consists of four main components: sustainability-based curriculum content, project-based learning strategies, industry collaboration, and competency-based assessment. The model is expected to improve curriculum relevance and strengthen graduates’ work readiness.
LAERNING INTEREST AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH INTERACTIVE MAP-BASED LEARNING MEDIA IN HISTORY EDUCATION
This study aims to increase students' interest in learning and critical thinking skills through the application of interactive map-based learning media in History lessons in Grade X at SMA Negeri 1 Prambanan Klaten. The background of this study is the low interest of students in learning history and the suboptimal critical thinking skills demonstrated by students during the learning process. This is due to the use of conventional learning methods that tend to be monotonous and do not actively involve students. Therefore, interactive maps are expected to be an alternative solution in creating an engaging and participatory learning environment. This study employs the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method by Kemmis and McTaggart, consisting of two cycles. The research subjects are 35 students in Grade X J. Data collection techniques include observation, questionnaires, interviews, written tests, and documentation. Each cycle consists of four stages: planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The instruments used aim to measure improvements in students' learning interest and critical thinking skills during the learning process. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the application of interactive map-based learning media significantly improves students' learning interest and critical thinking skills. There was a gradual increase in students' learning interest, with the average score rising from 58.1 in the pre-cycle to 63.4 in cycle I, and reaching 72.3 in cycle II. The greater increase in cycle II indicates that students became more actively engaged and motivated as the learning process progressed. Similarly, critical thinking skills showed an increase in average scores from 66 in the pre-cycle to 71 in cycle I, and a sharp increase to 84 in cycle II. The drastic increase in the second cycle proves that interactive map-based learning media is effective in increasing students' interest in learning and critical thinking skills in history learning.
A CORRELATIONAL STUDY BETWEEN PRODUCT INNOVATION, PRICE, PURCHASE INTENTION, AND PURCHASING DECISIONS AT RANTO KAYU FURNITURE IN RANTAUPRAPAT
This study aims to analyze the effect of product innovation and price on purchasing decisions, with purchase intention as an intervening variable among consumers of Ranto Kayu Furniture in Rantauprapat. This research employs a quantitative approach with an associative research design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using path analysis and the Sobel test to examine the mediating effect. The results indicate that product innovation and price have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Furthermore, product innovation, price, and purchase intention also have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Purchase intention is found to have the most dominant influence in driving consumer purchasing decisions. The Sobel test results confirm that purchase intention acts as a significant intervening variable in the relationship between product innovation and price on purchasing decisions. Therefore, improving product innovation and setting appropriate pricing strategies can enhance consumers’ purchase intention, which in turn increases purchasing decisions.
MANAGING CHILD-FRIENDLY SCHOOL PROGRAMS THROUGH INNOVATIVE PRINCIPALS LEADERSHIP: EVIDENCE FROM SD NEGERI BEJI 1
This study aims to analyze the innovative leadership strategies of school principals in managing the Child-Friendly School (CFS) program at SD Negeri Beji 1. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. The research subjects included the principal, teachers, educational staff, students, parents, school committee members, and supervisors, who were selected purposively. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through source, technique, and time triangulation, as well as member checking. The findings reveal that the principal’s innovative leadership strategies were implemented through the integration of management functions, including participatory and needs-based planning, collaborative organizing, program implementation oriented toward child-friendly principles, and continuous supervision. Innovative leadership was found to be a key factor in creating a safe, comfortable, and supportive learning environment that fosters students’ holistic development. This study contributes to the development of an innovative leadership model based on school management within the context of Child-Friendly Schools.
THE LEGAL FORCE OF THE TANAHKU TOUCH APPLICATION IN ENSURING THE DISCLOSURE OF LAND INFORMATION TO ELECTRONIC CERTIFICATE HOLDERS
The digitalization of Indonesia’s land administration system through the Sentuh Tanahku application represents a strategic government initiative to establish public services that are transparent, efficient, and based on legal certainty. The background of this study stems from the need to ensure transparency of land information and legal protection for land rights holders in the era of digital transformation. The research focuses on two main issues: the legal framework governing electronic land registration through the Sentuh Tanahku application and the legal force of electronic land certificates for land rights holders. This study is significant because the transition from a conventional to a digital system requires a strong legal foundation to ensure the continued protection of citizens’ land rights. This research employs a normative legal method using both the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The legal materials used include Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration, Law Number 11 of 2008 in conjunction with Law Number 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE), Law Number 14 of 2008 on Public Information Disclosure, and Ministerial Regulations of ATR/BPN Number 1 of 2021 and Number 3 of 2023.The findings indicate that electronic land registration in Indonesia has a strong and integrated legal foundation, with constitutional legitimacy rooted in Article 33 paragraph (3) and Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. The electronic land certificate (e-certificate) holds the same evidentiary power as a physical certificate, provided it meets the elements of authenticity, integrity, and data reliability as regulated in Ministerial Regulation ATR/BPN Number 1 of 2021 and the ITE Law. Meanwhile, the Sentuh Tanahku application serves as a tool for implementing the principle of public information transparency (Articles 9 and 11 of the Public Information Disclosure Law), while maintaining data privacy protection in accordance with Law Number 27 of 2022.
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: DETERMINANTS OF THE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION
Amid the complexity of global social challenges such as social inequality, economic crises, and the demands of sustainable development, Social Entrepreneurial Intention (SEI) has garnered increased attention in the entrepreneurship literature, particularly in recent years. Although the number of studies on SEI continues to rise, the empirical findings remain diverse, vary across theories and methodologies, and have not yet been systematically synthesized. The objective of this article is to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which will comprehensively map and synthesize the development of SEI research. The literature search process utilized the Scopus database in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The search yielded 80 journal articles that met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. This article focuses on annual publication trends, the geographical distribution of research, journal classifications, theoretical foundations, methodological approaches, and the types of populations used in previous SEI studies. The synthesis results indicate that since 2019, SEI research has increased significantly, with countries in Asia—particularly Vietnam, China, and Bangladesh—dominating the SEI research landscape. Theoretically, the most commonly used frameworks to explain the formation of SEI are the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Social Cognitive Career Theory. As conceptual complements, other models, such as the Social Entrepreneurial Intention Model by Mair and Noboa and the Entrepreneurial Event Model, are used more sparingly. Methodologically, quantitative survey-based approaches using SEM and PLS-SEM remain dominant, while qualitative and mixed-method approaches remain relatively scarce. Furthermore, most studies use students as subjects, which limits generalizability. This article contributes by providing a structured mapping of the SEI literature, identifying theoretical, methodological, and contextual gaps, and formulating directions for future research relevant to contemporary social challenges, including digital transformation and demands for social inclusivity.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF KRATOM PLANT USE IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN UNDER LAW NUMBER 35 OF 2009 ON NARCOTICS
Kratom is an endemic plant originating from Southeast Asia that grows wild in Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. In Indonesia, this plant is predominantly found in Kalimantan. An examination of the legal underpinnings for the prohibition of kratom constitutes the primary objective of this study, alongside a determination of whether kratom warrants classification as a Schedule I narcotic. The research adopts a normative juridical methodology, operationalized through a statutory approach and substantiated by peer-reviewed scientific journals and authoritative instruments promulgated by competent institutions. The results indicate that, to date, there is no specific regulation governing kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) under Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics; therefore, kratom has not been classified as a narcotic subject to criminal sanctions. The existing legal basis related to kratom remains limited to the Circular Letter of the Head of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) issued in 2016, which prohibits the use of kratom in traditional medicines and health supplements. The conclusion of this study is that the use of kratom in Central Kalimantan cannot yet be subjected to criminal provisions under Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics, due to the absence of explicit regulation concerning kratom in the law and the fact that the existing legal framework is still limited to administrative policies issued by BPOM.
THE ROLE OF THE PROTOCOL OFFICER OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE BUREAU OF THE REGIONAL SECRETARIAT OF NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE IN THE SUCCESS OF THE NORTH SUMATRA GOVERNOR'S WORKING VISIT TO THE NATURAL DISASTER AREA IN PADANG TUALANG VILLAGE, PADANG TUALANG DISTRICT, LANGKAT REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the role of protocol officers of the North Sumatra Provincial Regional Secretariat Administration Bureau in the success of the North Sumatra Governor's working visit to natural disaster areas in Padang Tualang Village, Padang Tualang District, Lalat Regency, as well as identify supporting and inhibiting factors for its implementation. The research uses a qualitative approach with a single case study design. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively to understand the dynamics of planning, coordination, and agenda adjustment in emergency situations. The results show that the role of protocols is not only administrative, but also strategic and adaptive, including planning functions, cross-agency coordination, communication mediation, and field observation which leads to the addition of visit locations. This success was supported by effective communication, flexibility, and leadership support, although constrained by limited resources and coordination.
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ON GITA WIRJAWAN'S YOUTUBE ACCOUNT: IS IT POSSIBLE TO MERITOCRACY IN THE MIDST OF MEDIOCRACY WITH ROCKY GERUNG AND TOM LEMBONG
This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the use of language in political communication in digital media, especially expressive speech that not only conveys information, but also shows the attitude and feelings of the speaker. The problem in this study is how the function of expressive speech is used in political discussions on YouTube and how it plays a role in building meaning and influencing the audience. This study aims to identify and analyze the function of expressive speech in Gita Wirjawan's YouTube video entitled "Is it possible to have a Meritocracy in the midst of mediocrity". The novelty of this research lies in the focus of the study that discusses digital political discussions that are open and interactive, and not only identifies the types of speech, but also examines the function and context of its use. This research uses a qualitative approach with a content analysis method. Data in the form of oral speech was obtained through listening and recording techniques, then analyzed through the stages of reduction, classification, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there were 87 expressive speeches consisting of four main functions, namely criticizing (35 data), praising (28 data), satirizing (20 data), and thanking (4 data). The criticism function is the most dominant because the discussion that takes place is argumentative, while the praise function acts as a counterbalance so that communication continues to run well. The conclusion of this study shows that expressive speech does not only function as an expression of feelings, but also as a strategy in expressing opinions, building arguments, and influencing the audience's perspective in digital political discussions.
TAJWEED-BASED ISLAMIC EDUCATION AND THE AUTHENTICITY OF QURANIC MEMORIZATION AT MTS TAHFIZH CENDIKIA PEKANBARU
This study aims to explore the phenomenon of tajwid internalization in forming students' linguistic awareness and to examine how that awareness functions in preserving the authenticity and long-term durability of Qur'anic memorization at MTs Tahfizh Cendikia Pekanbaru. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with ten tahfizh santri, and documentation of memorization evaluation records, analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, with validity ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that tajwid internalization unfolds through three phenomenologically distinct stages, sound recognition, structural comprehension, and full internalization, each progressively constructing a linguistic awareness that functions simultaneously as a phonetic self-monitoring system, a multi-layered mnemonic structure, and a spiritually grounded motivational force. Students who reached full internalization demonstrated autonomous self-correction capacity, sustained memorization retention, and an internalized sense of spiritual responsibility toward recitation authenticity, independent of external evaluation. This study introduces a new theoretical understanding that tajwid is not merely a set of phonetic rules, but a system capable of constructing cognitive and spiritual architecture within the learner.
SUBNATIONAL MARITIME DIPLOMACY IN ADVANCING SDG 14: A CASE STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES GOVERNANCE IN BERAKIT VILLAGE, RIAU ISLANDS
This study examines how subnational maritime diplomacy contributes to the advancement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 in Indonesia’s maritime border context. While SDG 14 (Life Below Water) is commonly operationalized through national-level marine policies, limited scholarship explores the role of local governments as diplomatic and governance actors in achieving sustainable fisheries outcomes. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research investigates sustainable fisheries governance practices in Berakit Village, Riau Islands Province, a strategically located coastal border area facing transboundary fisheries pressures. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with local officials, fisheries officers, community leaders, fishermen groups, and supporting institutions, complemented by policy document analysis and field observations. The findings demonstrate that subnational maritime diplomacy functions as a governance interface linking local community-based practices with national sustainability commitments. Key contributions include strengthening spatial regulation under the Coastal and Small Islands Zoning Plan (RZWP3K), promoting selective fishing gear, enhancing community-based monitoring to deter Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, and fostering collaborative networks with national and cross-border actors.These initiatives align with SDG 14 targets, particularly 14.2 (sustainable management of marine ecosystems), 14.4 (ending overfishing), and 14.b (access for small-scale fishers). The study argues that subnational maritime diplomacy should be conceptualized not merely as external engagement, but as an adaptive governance mechanism that enhances regulatory coherence, ecological compliance, and local empowerment in decentralized maritime systems. This research contributes to expanding the analytical linkage between paradiplomacy and sustainable development governance in archipelagic border regions.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT IN MINOR THEFT CASES IN MALINAU DISTRICT
This study aims to analyze the implementation of restorative justice by law enforcement officers in handling minor theft cases in the jurisdiction of Malinau District Police. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation involving police officers and community members. The results show that the application of restorative justice has been carried out through mediation between perpetrators and victims, focusing on recovery rather than punishment. However, its implementation still faces several obstacles, including limited understanding among law enforcement officers, lack of clear technical guidelines, and community perceptions that still emphasize retributive justice. The study concludes that restorative justice can be an effective alternative in resolving minor criminal cases, particularly theft, as it promotes social harmony and reduces prison overcrowding. Strengthening regulations, increasing capacity of law enforcement, and public education are needed to optimize its implementation.
Disruptive Innovation and Business Development, A Bibliometric Study
This study examines the effects and expansion of disruptive technologies across several sectors, indicating a rise in research efforts and academic fascination. Disruptive innovations, which are distinguished by their unique characteristics, cost-effective methods, and ability to replace dominant market leaders, have a substantial impact on transforming corporate environments. The study emphasizes the importance of contextual elements, such as governmental regulations, technological frameworks, and socio-economic circumstances, in either enabling or impeding these advancements. The findings demonstrate that disruptive technologies frequently bring about simplicity and affordability, specifically targeting market groups that have been neglected and causing substantial changes within the industry. The study also highlights the necessity for ongoing research to investigate the intricacies of disruptive technologies, devise novel research approaches, and tackle existing gaps in knowledge. The results of this study provide valuable information for company executives to predict market changes and adjust their strategy accordingly. Additionally, politicians can use these insights to establish settings that promote innovation. This study enhances the overall discussion on competitive advantage and industrial transformation by furthering the understanding of disruptive technologies.
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP OF THE PRINCIPAL IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF VISION AND MANAGEMENT OF ACHIEVEMENT-BASED LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF SDN 1 BUGEL
This research is motivated by the challenge of school visions, which are often trapped in administrative slogans without a real internalization of the work culture. This study aims to analyze the role of instructional leadership, vision transformation, and achievement-based learning management at SDN 1 Bugel. Using a qualitative case study method, data was collected through interviews, observations, and document review. The results indicate that the principal successfully transformed into an instructional leader through dialogic clinical supervision and ongoing mentoring. The school vision was systemically internalized through assertive communication strategies and strategic budget support. An evaluation of learning management demonstrated a positive transition toward an outcomes-based model and the utilization of educational report card data, despite ongoing administrative constraints. In conclusion, the success of the achievement ecosystem is determined by "lived leadership" and adaptive governance synergy.
ANYNYALA: DEVIATIONS IN THE GENERAL PATTERN OF THE MARRIEGE SYSTEM IN THE SOCIETY OF GOWA REGENCY
This study aims to (1) identify the factors underlying the occurrence of anynyala in the marriage system, (2) understand the negotiation process undertaken by families in resolving anynyala issues, and (3) explore the social and psychological impacts experienced by the individuals and families involved. Using a qualitative approach, this study seeks to provide insight into the social and cultural dynamics underlying this practice. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The technique for checking the validity of the data used member checks, the data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The research findings indicate that the anynyala phenomenon in Sengka Village is triggered by several factors, including social and economic pressures and the inability to meet high dowry demands. Furthermore, the negotiation process between the two families is often fraught with tension, but it can potentially resolve the conflict in a mutually beneficial manner. The study also found that individuals and families involved in anynyala experience social stigma and prolonged psychological burdens, which can impact their social relationships within the community.
IMPROVING LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR SIMPLE GEOMETRIC NETS USING A PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (PJBL) MODEL INTEGRATED WITHDEEP LEARNING IN FIFTH-GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL
This research is motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at an elementary school in Padang, especially on the topic of geometric nets. Preliminary data shows that only 15% of students achieve the minimum completion criteria. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes by implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model integrated with the principles of Deep Learning (Mindful, Meaningful, and Joyful Learning). The methodology used is the Classroom Action Research (CAR) model of Kemmis and McTaggart which consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 20 fifth-grade students. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and tests, which were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative techniques (mixed-methods). The results of the study showed a significant increase in the quality of learning and student achievement. Teacher activity scores increased from 86.11% in Cycle I to 94.44% in Cycle II, while student activity increased from 83.33% to 91.67%. Furthermore, the average student learning outcomes increased from 69.5 in Cycle I to 81.13 in Cycle II, with a completion percentage reaching 80%. It can be concluded that the Deep Learning integrated PjBL model effectively improves learning outcomes for elementary school students on spatial nets by transforming abstract concepts into concrete projects.
DATA-BASED EDUCATION FINANCING MANAGEMENT: A STRATEGY TO IMPROVE PRIORITY INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENT IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
The low literacy and numeracy scores on the Education Report Card (Report Card) have prompted the urgency of precise financial governance. This study aims to analyze data-driven financing management strategies to improve priority indicators at SDN 5 Godong. Using a qualitative case study method, data was collected from eight informants (the Principal, Treasurer, Teachers, School Committee, and parents) through interviews, observations, and document review. Data validity was ensured through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results indicate that integrating the ARKAS (School Budget Alignment) with the Education Report Card (Report Card) increased the efficiency of instructional allocation by 15%. The findings identified the "Triple-Check Data Alignment" model as key to success, but it was hampered by the high digital administrative burden on teachers. The establishment of an internal "Data Literacy Cluster" for longitudinal analysis and diversification of funding sources is recommended to ensure the sustainability of the school quality improvement program.
DIGITALIZATION IMPLEMENTATION IN LEARNING AND SCHOOL MANAGEMENT: A QUALITATIVE STUDY AT SMA ISLAM HIDAYATULLAH SEMARANG
This study aims to analyze the implementation of digitalization in learning and school management at SMA Islam Hidayatullah Semarang. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach to explore in depth the processes, challenges, and impacts of digitalization within the school context. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving the principal, teachers, IT staff, and students as key informants. The findings indicate that digitalization has been systematically implemented through the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS), digital learning media, and technology-based assessment, which enhance learning flexibility, accessibility, and student engagement. In terms of school management, digitalization has improved administrative efficiency, data integration, and communication transparency. However, several challenges were identified, including limited digital competence among some teachers, variations in students’ digital literacy, and infrastructural constraints such as unstable internet access. Despite these challenges, the overall response of school stakeholders was positive, reflecting a strong institutional commitment to digital transformation. This study concludes that effective digitalization requires not only technological readiness but also continuous capacity building, institutional support, and adaptive organizational culture to optimize its impact on educational quality.
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS AND HUMAN RESOURCE READINESS OF INDONESIA'S YOUNG GENERATION
This article examines Indonesia’s demographic dividend and the readiness of its young human resources by focusing on the availability of formal employment and the alignment between higher education graduates and labor market demand. The study applies a descriptive qualitative approach based on a systematic literature review, secondary data, and SWOT analysis. Data were drawn from publications of Statistics Indonesia, higher education policy documents, and scholarly literature related to demographic dividend, employment, and education. The findings show that Indonesia has strong demographic capital through its large productive age population and massive higher education enrollment, yet its potential remains constrained by educated unemployment, unequal access to formal jobs, and mismatch between educational attainment and labor market needs. Labor data in 2025 indicate that graduates from vocational secondary schools and universities still face relatively high unemployment, while formal employment opportunities remain concentrated in urban areas and specific social groups. This condition suggests that the demographic dividend does not automatically translate into economic gains. Strengthening the link and match between higher education, skill development, and the needs of industry and business sectors is therefore essential. In conclusion, the successful utilization of Indonesia’s demographic dividend depends on the state’s ability to create formal, relevant, inclusive, and sustainable jobs for young people in support of Golden Indonesia 2045.
FROM MILLENNIALS TO 'SILVER ECONOMY': AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGY READINESS, USER EMANCIPATION, AND AI ADOPTION IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION ECOSYSTEM
The transition to cybernetic capitalism and the disruption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have created a reality of "Mixtopia", where utopian efficiency coexists with dystopian threats like data exploitation and the loss of human autonomy. Amid this socioeconomic transformation, it is crucial to understand how different demographic groups, specifically adaptive young entrepreneurs versus the ageing population in the “Silver Economy”, respond to technological disruptions and digital inequalities. This article analyzes cross-generational AI adoption dynamics using the “Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM)” and the sociological concept of “Mündigkeit” (emancipation toward autonomy)”. Findings reveal that Millennial and Generation Z entrepreneurs in developing economies share similar pragmatic behaviors; their AI adoption is primarily driven by “perceived usefulness” for business efficiency rather than mere technological novelty. In particular, the Silver Economy is highly vulnerable to digital exclusion. To counter data capitalism and prevent users from becoming passive, "intergenerational learning" is proposed as an essential methodology to foster critical reflection and user emancipation. Ultimately, sustainable economic transformation requires shifting from blind acceptance of technology to critical user adoption.
The Effect of Intellectual Capital, Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Corporate Governance, and Capital Structure on Firm Value
This study aims to examine the effect of intellectual capital, corporate social responsibility, good corporate governance, and capital structure on firm value. In this study, intellectual capital is measured using the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC), corporate social responsibility is measured using the CSR index, and good corporate governance is measured through internal control mechanisms using a factor score consisting of four dimensions: the board of commissioners, the audit committee, management, and shareholders. Meanwhile, capital structure is measured using the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and firm value is measured using Tobin’s Q. The population of this study consists of healthcare companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2022 period. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling, resulting in a total of 28 companies. To test and analyze the data, this study employs SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) version 26. The results of this study indicate that intellectual capital and capital structure have a positive effect on firm value. Meanwhile, corporate social responsibility and good corporate governance variables are found to have no significant effect on firm value.
DECONSTRUCTING ACADEMIC BOUNDARIES: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
This multidisciplinary comparative study examines the academic boundaries between Islamic educational management and general educational management, exploring their philosophical foundations, methodological approaches, and practical implications. Through systematic analysis of 189 scholarly works, this research employs a comparative multidisciplinary framework to deconstruct traditional disciplinary boundaries and identify convergence and divergence points between these two management systems. The findings reveal that while both systems share fundamental management principles planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling they diverge significantly in their epistemological foundations, value systems, and ultimate educational objectives. Islamic educational management integrates divine revelation (Al-Qur'an and Hadith) with management science, emphasizing spiritual development alongside cognitive achievement, whereas general educational management operates within secular, empiricist frameworks prioritizing vocational skills and economic productivity. However, emerging trends indicate potential for integration through shared concerns for holistic human development, quality improvement, and ethical leadership. The study identifies five key areas of substantial difference: educational purpose, philosophical foundations, curriculum management, student development approaches, and institutional governance. This research contributes to ongoing discourse on educational integration by proposing a multilayered model that respects distinctive characteristics while fostering interdisciplinary dialogue. The implications extend to policy development, curriculum design, and leadership training in diverse educational contexts, particularly in pluralistic societies managing both Islamic and secular educational institutions.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTICULATE STORYLINE-BASED COGNITIVE INTERACTIVE DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT IN VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS: A NEEDS ANALYSIS
This study aimed to analyze the needs for developing an interactive cognitive diagnostic assessment based on Articulate Storyline for mathematics learning in vocational high schools. The study employed a research and development approach focused on the needs analysis stage, using a mixed-methods design with a sequential exploratory strategy. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with mathematics teachers selected using purposive sampling, while quantitative data were obtained from a needs-analysis questionnaire administered to 420 tenth-grade students from seven public vocational high schools in Tegal Regency selected using proportional sampling techniques. The findings show that both teachers and students strongly need an assessment tool that is interactive, digital, capable of providing immediate feedback, answer review features, and follow-up of assessment results. Students also expressed a high need for contextual items, visual appeal, and opportunities for independent learning. The results indicate that conventional assessment practices are not yet sufficient to identify students’ prior knowledge comprehensively. Therefore, the development of an Articulate Storyline-based cognitive diagnostic assessment is highly relevant to support more accurate diagnosis of students’ mathematical understanding, strengthen learning readiness, and promote more meaningful and independent learning.
THE EFFECT OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING ON LEARNING INDEPENDENCE WITH LEARNING MOTIVATION AS A MEDIATOR
Education is a process in which there are rules and procedures that every student must have. Improving the quality of education requires student learning independence in the learning process. Participants in this research were all students of the Dharma Patra Pangkalan Berandan Private High School in Sei Lepan sub- district, Langkat district, totaling 497 students. The quantitative method approach used in this research is an explanatory or explanatory quantitative approach. Based on the research results which show a CR value of 2,647 > 1.96 and a P value of < 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between subjective well-being and learning motivation. In other words, students who have a higher level of subjective well-being tend to have stronger learning motivation. The relationship between subjective well-being and learning motivation is complex and influenced by various factors. However, the results of this study emphasize the importance of paying attention to students' emotional well-being and life satisfaction as an integral part of strategies to increase student motivation and learning outcomes.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ONLINE GAMBLING CRIMES AT THE MEDAN POLICE
This thesis research is entitled Law Enforcement Against Online Gambling Crimes. The problem formulation is: (1) What are the legal regulations regarding gambling in Indonesian law? (2) How is the law enforcement against online gambling crimes at the Medan Police Headquarters? (3) What are the inhibiting factors in law enforcement against online gambling crimes at the Medan Police Headquarters? The research method used is normative juridical legal research, with a descriptive analytical research type. The problem approach uses a normative juridical approach. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results of the study show that (1) Gambling laws in Indonesian law consist of Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning ITE, Article 303 of the Criminal Code, Law No. 7 of 1974 concerning the Regulation of Gambling, and Articles 426 and 427 of Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. (2) Law enforcement against online gambling crimes at the Medan Police Headquarters involves conducting crime scene investigations and confiscating evidence used in online gambling. (3) The inhibiting factors in law enforcement against online gambling crimes at the Medan Police Headquarters include internal obstacles from law enforcement institutions and external obstacles in the form of increasingly sophisticated online gambling, including The use of encryption technology and servers located outside national jurisdiction can complicate the identification and enforcement process.
SALESPERSON PERFORMANCE IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE, COMMUNICATION SKILLS, AND CUSTOMER VISIT
This research aims to analyze the influence of product knowledge, communication skills, and customer visits on salesperson performance at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk., Singaraja Branch Office. The study employed a quantitative causal research design to examine the relationships between these variables. A census sampling technique was utilized, involving the entire population of 111 salespersons, which includes Relationship Managers and Mantri. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression, partial t-tests, and simultaneous F-test. The results demonstrate that product knowledge, communication skills, and customer visits each have a positive and significant partial effect on salesperson performance. Simultaneously, these three variables significantly influence performance with an F-value of 40.816 (p < 0.05), accounting for 53.4% of the performance variance. The study indicates that while each factor is a critical determinant, their synergistic integration is essential for achieving optimal sales targets and volume growth. The study concludes that product knowledge, communication skills, and customer visits serve as vital predictors of salesperson success in the banking sector. These findings suggest that management should prioritize periodic product refreshment and structured monitoring of visit quality to maintain performance stability and competitive advantage.
THE NISA'UL MA'HAD COACHING MODEL AS AN EFFORT TO EMPOWER FEMALE STUDENTS AT MODERN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL AL-ISTIQAMAH NGATABARU
This study examines the Nisa'ul Ma'had coaching model as an effort to empower female students (santriwati) at Modern Islamic Boarding School Al-Istiqamah Ngatabaru, while analyzing its implications for enhancing their capacity and empowerment. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, analyzed through the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, and validated via source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that the Nisa'ul Ma'had program emerged from the organic initiative of female teachers (ustadzah), driven by social capital in the form of trust, shared ownership, and women's solidarity, rather than formal bureaucratic planning. The program operates through three mutually reinforcing pillars: an intergenerational gathering forum, domestic skill competitions, and thematic women's empowerment seminars, all managed in a collegial, flexible, yet consistent manner. The program demonstrably improved santriwati's capacity, strengthened institutional cohesion, and cultivated collaborative leadership and value-based independence. This study produces a new finding that both enriches and corrects the theoretical assumption that successful women's empowerment requires complex systemic prerequisites. A program grounded in social capital and pesantren cultural values is proven effective and sustainable, contributing directly to SDGs Goal 4 on quality education and Goal 5 on gender equality and women's empowerment.
THE EFFECT OF THE E-COMIC-ASSISTED PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) MODEL ON STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING AND ARGUMENTATION SKILLS ON PETROLEUM MATERIALS
The background of this research is based on the low level of students' higher-order thinking skills, especially critical thinking and argumentation skills, due to the teacher-centered learning process and minimal use of interesting and contextual media. This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by e-comics on students' critical thinking and argumentation skills on petroleum material. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of an experimental class learning with the PBL model assisted by e-comics and a control class using conventional learning. The research instruments were critical thinking ability tests, argumentation ability tests, and observation sheets for teacher and student activities. The results showed that the application of the PBL model assisted by e-comics had a significant effect in improving students' critical thinking and argumentation skills compared to conventional learning. Students in the experimental class showed higher improvements in their ability to analyze, evaluate information, construct arguments, provide supporting evidence, and draw logical conclusions. E-comics media contributed to facilitating the understanding of abstract petroleum concepts through engaging narrative visualization. Thus, the e-comic-assisted PBL model is effective in improving students' critical thinking and argumentation skills on petroleum material.
THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING DEEP LEARNING-BASED CURRICULUM TO FACE THE CHALLENGES OF THE DIGITAL ERA
This study aims to analyze the strategic role of social studies teachers in developing a deep learning-based curriculum to face the challenges of the digital era at SD Negeri Karangcegak, Sumbang District, Banyumas Regency. Digital transformation requires a change in the learning approach from just knowledge transfer to learning that emphasizes conceptual understanding, critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and the ability to solve social problems. This study uses a qualitative approach with interview, observation, and documentation data collection techniques. The results showed that teachers began to integrate project-based learning, local social case studies, as well as the use of simple digital media to encourage more in-depth learning. The strategic roles carried out by social studies teachers at SDN Karangcegak Sumbang District are (1) as learning designers who design contextual learning oriented to deep understanding; (2) as a facilitator who encourages cognitive engagement through discussion, scaffolding, and critical questioning; (3) as a motivator who builds a learning climate conducive to active student involvement; (4) as an innovator who develops problem-based and project-based learning methods; (5) as a curriculum designer who adapts the national curriculum to the local context; and (6) as an integrative user of contextual learning media and resources.
STRENGTHENING LEADERSHIP CHARACTER THROUGH THE “CAPTAIN FOR A DAY” PROGRAM FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Low student participation and the dominance of teacher-centered learning constitute the main background of this study, as they contribute to the underdevelopment of leadership among elementary school students. This condition indicates the need for experience-based learning strategies that provide opportunities for students to actively participate in classroom activities. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the “Kapten Sehari” (Captain for a Day) Program in fostering leadership among elementary school students in the Gajah Mada Cluster, Cipari District, Cilacap Regency, to analyze the teacher’s role in guiding and facilitating the program implementation, and to examine its impact on the development of students’ leadership. This research employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The data consist of primary and secondary sources, including the school principal, fifth-grade teachers, and fifth-grade students involved in the program. Data collection techniques include observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data validity is ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. Data analysis follows the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which includes data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, and is further strengthened by thematic analysis. The findings reveal that the “Kapten Sehari” Program is implemented through a daily rotation system that provides all students with the opportunity to act as class leaders. The captain’s activities include leading prayers, organizing lines, taking attendance, and reminding classmates of their responsibilities. The implementation of the program provides direct learning experiences that enhance students’ courage, self-confidence, responsibility, independence, and social skills. The teacher’s role as a facilitator, mentor, and evaluator, along with the principal’s policy support, are key factors in the success of the program and in strengthening a character-based school culture
INTEGRATION OF CHATGPT APPLICATION IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH LEARNING: A STUDY OF ACADEMIC ETHICS AND ITS IMPACT ON STUDENTS' READING LITERACY
STRENGTHENING THE CHARACTER OF READING THROUGH THE USE OF READING CORNER IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Character education in elementary schools is important but requires effective strategies to foster sustainable reading habits. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of reading habits through reading corners in elementary schools. This type of research is qualitative with a case study method. The study was conducted at SDN Patimuan 01 Cilacap with subjects of 4 teachers, 6 students in grades IV–VI, and 1 principal. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and documentary studies. Data were analyzed interactively with the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data were checked for validity through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the study indicate that the strengthening of reading habits in elementary school students developed significantly through the use of planned and contextual reading corners. Five main characters were formed, including (1) discipline through the habit of reading regularly according to schedule and consistent teacher guidance; (2) curiosity by exploring reading content; (3) critical reasoning through in-depth understanding, reflection, and creative projects; (4) independence emerged when having the initiative to choose their own books, write reviews, and recommend reading to friends; and (5) responsibility through positive attitudes towards reading, such as returning books on time, keeping the reading corner clean, and respecting friends' books. This emphasizes that the reading corner is not just a literacy facility but a strategic tool in forming a character that loves reading in a sustainable manner. Support from schools, parents, and the social environment is important for building a sustainable literacy ecosystem so that students' reading habits and literacy behavior develop consistently at school and at home.
TEACHER MISCONCEPTIONS IN DEEP LEARNING ORIENTED INSTRUCTION AND THEIR REMEDIATION THROUGH INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES AND COLLABORATIVE MENTORING
This study is grounded in the persistent presence of pedagogical misconceptions among teachers in implementing deep learning–oriented instruction, which leads to inaccuracies in both instructional design and classroom practice. These misconceptions extend beyond technical issues and reflect deeper conceptual misunderstandings, particularly in relation to learning principles, learning experiences, instructional syntax, and the integration of digital technologies. This study aims to identify the forms of teachers’ pedagogical misconceptions and to examine how these can be addressed through instructional modules and collaborative mentoring. A qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using an interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that teachers’ pedagogical misconceptions are structural in nature and manifest across multiple dimensions of instruction. Teachers tend to conflate learning principles with learning activities, interpret learning experiences merely as sequences of tasks, organize instructional syntax in a fragmented manner, and utilize digital technology in a predominantly instrumental way. The intervention, implemented through instructional modules and collaborative mentoring, demonstrates a gradual yet transformative improvement in teachers’ pedagogical understanding. This study concludes that addressing pedagogical misconceptions requires an integrated approach that combines conceptual reinforcement with reflective processes facilitated through collaborative mentoring.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A DIGITAL SCHOOL PROGRAM IN STRENGTHENING STUDENTS’ CHARACTER AND COMPETENCE: A CASE STUDY AT MUHAMMADIYAH 5 RANDUBLATUNG JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
The rapid advancement of digital technology has encouraged schools to adopt innovative programs aimed not only at improving academic achievement but also at fostering students’ character and competencies. This study investigates the effectiveness of a Special Digital Program implemented at Muhammadiyah 5 Randublatung Junior High School in strengthening students’ character and twenty-first-century competencies. A qualitative case study approach was employed to obtain an in-depth understanding of program outcomes within its natural context. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with school leaders and teachers, and analysis of institutional documents. The findings reveal that the program effectively promotes positive character traits, including discipline, responsibility, ethical awareness, and collaborative attitudes, particularly in digital learning environments. In addition, students demonstrate significant improvement in competencies such as digital literacy, critical thinking, creativity, communication, and problem-solving skills. The program’s effectiveness is supported by strong leadership commitment, teachers’ readiness to integrate technology into instruction, and an adaptive school culture. Overall, the program functions as an integrative educational strategy that simultaneously develops moral values and essential competencies, highlighting the potential of school-based digital initiatives to support holistic student development.
THE EFFECT OF SKILL AGILITY ON TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN SRAGI DISTRICT, PEKALONGAN REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the effect of skill agility on teachers’ performance in public junior high schools in Sragi District, Pekalongan Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational design. The population consisted of 173 teachers, with a sample of 121 respondents determined using the Isaac and Michael formula and proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression after fulfilling prerequisite tests, including normality, homogeneity, and linearity. The results indicate that skill agility has a positive and significant effect on teachers’ performance (p < 0.05), with a contribution of 73.7%. This finding suggests that teachers’ ability to learn quickly, think flexibly, and adapt to change is a key factor in enhancing professional performance. The cognitive agility dimension was identified as the most dominant indicator in shaping skill agility. This study implies that efforts to improve teachers’ performance should focus on developing individual adaptive capabilities as a key competency in responding to the dynamic nature of education.
RELIGIOUS MODERATION AS A FOUNDATIONAL UNDERSTANDING IN STRENGTHENING SOCIAL HARMONY IN SIMPANG EMPAT VILLAGE, SIMPANG EMPAT DISTRICT, ASAHAN REGENCY
This research is motivated by the importance of religious moderation in creating a harmonious and harmonious community life amidst religious diversity. Simpang Empat Village once experienced a major interfaith conflict related to the rejection of the construction of a house of worship, but the conflict did not last long and was resolved through deliberation. This condition indicates a learning process towards a more peaceful and tolerant community life. This study aims to determine the community's understanding of religious moderation and its role in improving community harmony. This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological research type, using primary data in the form of interviews with local religious leaders and secondary data from books, journals, and the internet. The results show that religious moderation can be a foundation for building a harmonious society through tolerance, mutual respect, and a forum for interfaith cooperation such as BKUK, which has been successfully implemented and is the main goal in maintaining community harmony in the village. The conclusion of this study is that local religious leaders play an important role in educating religious moderation and building a harmonious society. Therefore, there needs to be cooperation between religious leaders and the community to spread religious moderation because religious moderation can help reduce conflict and increase tolerance between communities and create a peaceful and harmonious community life in Simpang Empat village.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROPHETIC RHYME WRITING TEACHING MODULES WITH INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR GRADE X VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS
The curriculum must keep up with the times to meet the evolving needs of society. Responsive curriculum development poses challenging problems for curriculum designers in vocational education and other higher professions, although as such there is little study on this topic. This research focuses on how the process of developing a responsive curriculum for vocational education, and other higher professions based on the results of a literature review methods with data sources consisting of a collection of twenty-six articles that are putated with process of gathering and arranging information or data from multiple sources is referred to as data collection identifying six supporting components of the responsive curriculum development process: (1) Vision of Education and Learning, (2) Continuous and iterative curriculum development process, (3) Collaboration, (4) involving all contributors, (5) The presence of favorable environmental factors and circumstances, and (6) Representatives of the institution. The importance of paying equal attention to each of these aspects is the main focus. By integrating these components, curriculum creators can design adaptable programs that are efficacious across the whole learning process. This strategy necessitates a shift in mentality and heightened exertion from all tiers of educational establishments, but ultimately results in a curriculum that is more comprehensive and adaptable.
DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE-BASED INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA “PETIK LIDI” IN INFORMATICS TO ENHANCE STUDENTS' DIGITAL LITERACY
Rendahnya literasi digital siswa dan terbatasnya variasi media pembelajaran interaktif menjadi latar belakang dari penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendiskripsikan kondisi awal pembelajaran informatika, mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis nilai “PETIK LIDI”, menganalisis respon guru, respon siswa serta efektifitas produk pengembangan media pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 2 Binangun. Metode yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahap: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IX G sebagai kelas eksperimen (32 siswa) dan kelas IX F sebagai kelas kontrol (32 siswa) di SMP Negeri 2 Binangun, Cilacap. Observasi, wawancara, angket, validasi ahli, dan tes hasil belajar (pretest dan posttest) adalah teknik untuk mengumpukan data. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif, uji N-Gain Score, serta uji Independent Sample t-test. Keabsahan data dijamin melalui triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi awal pembelajaran masih menggunkan media yang kurang inovatif, pengembangan produk menunjukkan valid, praktis, efektif berdasarkan, sebagai praktisi pembelajaran respon guru menunjukkan hasil validasi 96%. Respon siswa terhadap kepraktisan mencapai 94,46% (sangat praktis). Efektifitas penggunaan produk media pembelajaran interaktif siswa mencapai rata-rata 91,03% (sangat baik) hasil menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PLANT TISSUE CULTURE TEXTBOOK BASED ON PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TO ENHANCE THE SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS
This study aims to determine the feasibility of a Project-Based Learning (PjBL)-based Plant Tissue Culture textbook in improving the science process skills of biology students at Universitas Negeri Medan, based on evaluations from material experts and media experts. It also aims to identify the responses of lecturers and students toward the developed textbook and to assess its effectiveness in enhancing students’ science process skills in plant tissue culture material at Universitas Negeri Medan. The study was conducted from August to November 2024 in the Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Medan. The research employed the 4D development model, which includes the stages of define, design, develop, and disseminate. To measure the effectiveness of the developed textbook on students’ science process skills, the N-Gain test was used. The results showed that the feasibility of the PjBL-based plant tissue culture textbook in improving biology students’ science process skills, based on the assessment of material experts, obtained an average score of 76.66% (feasible), while the media experts gave an average score of 94.04% (highly feasible). The lecturers’ response reached an average percentage of 95% (highly feasible). The students’ responses were also very positive: the individual trial obtained 94.16%, the small group trial obtained 91.75%, and the large group trial obtained 90.92%, all categorized as highly feasible. Based on the N-Gain test results, the developed PjBL-based plant tissue culture textbook was found to be quite effective in improving the science process skills of biology students at Universitas Negeri Medan.
PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF USING VIDEO AND PHOTOVOICE FOR REFLECTION IN MICROTEACHING
This study explored prospective teachers’ experiences using reflective practice tools: video and photovoice. Five prospective students comprising two males and three females aged between 21-24 voluntarily participated in the present study. All participating students were required to submit eight reflective journals mediated by video of their teaching and eight photovoice-based reflective journals during microteaching. At the end, multiple informal interviews were held to investigate participating students’ experiences of their reflection through video and photovoice. The findings of the study showed that the prospective teachers generally perceived photovoice-based reflection more fruitful than video stimulated reflection. Timing, specificity, and simplicity were the major reasons of preference.
THE DISRUPTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES IN THE DIGITAL ERA
The era of disruption has brought fundamental changes to the education system, including Social Studies learning in Indonesia. The rapid development of digital technology, increasingly complex social dynamics, and the demand for twenty-first-century competencies have positioned Social Studies as a strategic subject in fostering learners who are critical, adaptive, reflective, and socially responsible. This study aims to analyze the transformation of Social Studies learning in Indonesia in the digital era by highlighting instructional strategies, teacher readiness, curriculum adaptation, technology integration, and educational policy support. This research employs a literature review approach by examining various relevant scholarly publications published between 2022 and 2025. The findings indicate that the era of disruption has encouraged Social Studies learning to become more interactive, student-centered, contextual, project-based, and integrated with digital literacy. However, this transformation still faces several challenges, including infrastructure disparities, uneven teacher digital competencies, resistance to pedagogical change, and limited access to technology across different regions. On the other hand, the Merdeka Curriculum provides significant opportunities to strengthen Social Studies learning so that it becomes more flexible, relevant to both local and global contexts, and oriented toward the development of twenty-first-century competencies. This study confirms that strengthening Social Studies learning in the era of disruption requires synergy among teacher capacity building, pedagogical innovation, equitable digital infrastructure, and adaptive as well as inclusive education policies in order for learning transformation to take place effectively and sustainably.
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT MODEL IN THE JANGKANG WATER RECLAMATION VILLAGE AREA, BANGKA REGENCY
This research aims to solve problems regarding community empowerment by developing a community empowerment model that is in accordance with the needs of the community in the Jangkang Water Reclamation Village Area. The background of the research began with the presence of the Jangkang Water Reclamation Village which is a reclamation in another form in the Riding Panjang Village Area managed by a subsidiary company of PT. Timah Tbk as the owner of the IUP, namely PT. Timah Agro Manunggal (PT. TAM), according to the rules that companies that have IUP are obliged to empower the surrounding community, but the community around the reclamation village has not been optimally affected by the Community Development and Empowerment (PPM) activities of both PT. Timah Tbk and PT. TAM as the manager of the Reclamation Village. In this study, qualitative methods are used and the paradigm used in this study is constructivism with this research strategy in the form of a case study approach. Data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and documentation. Data is analyzed using data condensation, data display and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the presence of reclamation villages has not had a significant impact on the lives of the people around the area, the majority of people do not have critical awareness to know their position as the subject of empowerment so that the community is not only a recipient of assistance and does not know about the company's obligations in empowering the community through the Community Development and Empowerment (PPM) program, the community should empowered by providing training to increase their capacity. The people of Riding Panjang Village as the subject of empowerment already have strong social capital in the form of social harmony and the strength of social networks between communities. However, challenges are still encountered in the implementation of empowerment in the form of regulations between PT. Timah Tbk with PT. TAM, the lack of optimal human resources in Riding Panjang Village and the lack of good cooperation and synergy between the village and the manager of the reclamation village.
APPLICATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN DISPUTE RESOLUTION OF TRADEMARK CRIMES IN THE POLICE (STUDY OF THE NORTH SUMATRA REGIONAL POLICE)
Restorative justice is an approach in the criminal justice system that focuses on victim recovery, perpetrator rehabilitation, and community recovery that aims to create a more holistic solution by involving all parties affected by the crime in the settlement process. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the regulation of restorative justice in the North Sumatra Regional Police, how the mechanism for resolving brand crimes in the police, and how the application of restorative justice in the North Sumatra Regional Police in brand crimes. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the regulation of Restorative Justice in the North Sumatra Regional Police, analyze and analyze the mechanism for resolving brand crimes in the Police, and analyze and analyze the application of Restorative Justice in the North Sumatra Regional Police in Brand Crimes. This type of research uses normative juridical research that is descriptive-analytical and qualitative analysis. The results of the study explain the regulation of restorative justice in the North Sumatra Regional Police, there are various regulations such as the old Criminal Code, the Police Law, the Decree of the Chief of Police No. Pol: B / 3022 / XII / 2009 / SDEOPS concerning Handling Cases Through Alternative Dispute Resolution, Perkapolri No. 8 of 2021 concerning Handling Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice and Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the National Criminal Code and Law No. 25 of 2025 concerning the New Criminal Code. Meanwhile, the mechanism for resolving trademark crimes in the police is carried out through mandatory complaints from victims and investigations by the police to resolve trademark crimes in the police. Regarding the application of restorative justice in trademark crime cases by the North Sumatra Regional Police, not a single case can be resolved using a restorative justice approach because there are key factors, namely legal, social, and cultural factors.
GOOGLE SITES-BASED NUSANTARA STORYBOOKS INCREASE THE MOTIVATION TO STUDY IPAS FOR GRADE 3 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Learning is one-way lecture and student learning motivation is low. Therefore, learning improvements are implemented. The purpose of this study is to conduct classroom action research through the application of Google Sites-based Nusantara storybooks to increase student learning motivation. The implementation of the research is at SD N 3 Kekeran Bali with a research sample of 28 third-grade students. The classroom action research method with a pre-cycle, first cycle, and second cycle. The research instrument is a student learning motivation questionnaire. The results of the study showed an increase in the average student learning motivation from the first cycle with an average of 68 and classical completeness of 61% and the second cycle average to 85 and classical completeness to 93%. Therefore, it is concluded that the application of Google Sites-based Nusantara storybooks increases students' motivation to learn science, especially in the third grade of elementary school. Further research can develop media, insert models, or conduct experimental research with a wider sample.
THE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHYNESS AND SELF-ESTEEM WITH LONELINESS IN SOCIAL MEDIA BASED ROLEPLAYER
This study aims to examine the relationship between shyness and self-esteem with loneliness among social media-based roleplayers. This research employed a quantitative correlational design involving 110 participants aged 15–24 years who were actively engaged in roleplaying activities on social media. Data were collected using psychological scales measuring shyness, self-esteem, and loneliness, and were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analysis with IBM SPSS 25. The results showed that shyness and self-esteem simultaneously have a significant relationship with loneliness (R = 0.766, R² = 0.587, p < 0.01), indicating a combined contribution of 58.7%. Furthermore, shyness was found to have a significant positive correlation with loneliness (r = 0.721, p < 0.01), while self-esteem showed a significant negative correlation with loneliness (r = -0.669, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that psychological factors such as shyness and self-esteem play an important role in shaping loneliness among social media roleplayers. The study highlights that individuals who experience higher social discomfort and lower self-evaluation tend to be more vulnerable to loneliness in online interaction contexts.
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR WOMEN AND CHILD VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AT THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION UNIT OF THE TEBING TINGGI MUNICIPAL POLICE
This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for women and children victims of sexual violence in the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) of the Tebing Tinggi City Police, as well as assess the effectiveness of the implementation of laws and regulations in the process of handling them. This research uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and a case approach. Data were obtained through literature studies on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, and were analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation. The results of the study show that normatively legal protection mechanisms have been regulated in various regulations, including the Child Protection Law and provisions related to sexual violence. At the implementation level, there are still obstacles in the aspects of victim assistance, the speed of case handling, and the consistency of the application of criminal sanctions. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen coordination between law enforcement and optimize victim psychological protection to realize substantive justice.
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT OF THE NORTH SUMATRA NEWS PROGRAM TODAY ON TVRI NORTH SUMATRA
This study examines how TVRI North Sumatra manages the daily television news program “Sumatera Utara Hari Ini” amid digital-era demands for fast yet accurate local reporting. It focuses on how the station organizes pre-production, production, and post-production, and how internal communication and gatekeeping shape editorial and technical coordination. Using a qualitative descriptive case study, data were gathered during a one-month field placement through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with key production roles (including CG and MCR), and documentation review, then analyzed thematically. Findings show a workflow supported by regional coordinators who often act as reporter–camera operators, flexible rundown filling (about 22 items), and intensive script editing to align text–visuals and manage timing (packages typically 1–2.5 minutes). Post-production centers on clean-feed recording, quality checks, archiving, and digital republishing. Overall, consistent cross-role communication functions as the main control mechanism to prevent mismatches and keep broadcasts ready to air.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING MODEL ON LEARNING OUTCOMES IN DRAWING HEXAGONS AT SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2 SEMARANG
This research aims to examine how the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) approach impacts students’ learning outcomes in technical drawing, specifically in constructing hexagons at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Semarang. Technical drawing is a fundamental competency in vocational education that requires precision, conceptual understanding, and psychomotor skills. However, conventional learning methods often limit student engagement and hinder the development of these competencies. Therefore, an innovative instructional approach is needed to improve learning effectiveness. This study utilized a quantitative experimental approach with a pretest-posttest control group design. It inculed two classes: the experimental group, which received instruction through the PjBL model, taught via conventional methods. Data were collected through psychomotor performance test, which were assessed using a validate rubric. The instruments were tested for validity using Aiken's V, Content Validity Index (CVI), and reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Data analysis included normality, homogeneity, and independent samples t-tests. The finding indicated that the two groups started with similar initial abilities, as confirmed by the pretest t-test (Sig. = 0,842 > 0,05). Following the intervention, the posttest t-test releaved a clear significant difference between them (Sig. = 0,0001 < 0,05), with the experimental class posting a higher average score of 82,32 compared to 73,60 in the control class. From these results, it’s clear that the PjBL model proves more effective at boosting students’ psychomotor skills and comprehension in hexagon drawing. Overall, Project-Based Learning markedly enchances learning outcomes in technical drawing, making it a strong recommendation for vocational education.
SOCIAL INTERACTION IN BILINGUAL CHILDREN'S STORYBOOKS OF RIAU PROVINCE: A STUDY OF LITERARY SOCIOLOGY
This study aims to describe and analyze the representation of children's social interactions in three main environments—family, school, and community—contained in ten bilingual children's storybooks based on local Malay culture in Riau Province. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. Data in the form of language units in the form of dialogues, narratives, and actions of characters that represent children's social interactions. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation studies with reading and recording techniques, while data analysis is carried out through reduction, classification, interpretation, and drawing conclusions contextually from the perspective of literary sociology.Based on the results of a study on ten children's storybooks based on Malay local culture, it can be concluded that the most dominant representation of children's social interaction takes place in the community environment (26 data), followed by the family environment (17 data), while the school setting is not explicitly found (0 data). Quantitatively, the forms of social interaction found included: cooperation (9 data) as the most dominant pattern, accommodation (4 data), competition (1 data), and opposition (4 data), while assimilation (0 data) and contravention (0 data) were not found explicitly. The dominance of cooperation shows the strong value of mutual cooperation, solidarity, and collective responsibility in Malay culture. Accommodation serves as an educational conflict resolution mechanism, while competition and conflict are present in a limited degree and always end with reconciliation or moral learning. Thus, the social interactions in these books represent an integrative and normative social structure. Conflict is not directed at social disorganization, but rather as a means of internalizing character values such as responsibility, discipline, care, and ecological awareness. This representation emphasizes that character education in children's literature based on Riau Malay local culture is built through harmonious social dynamics, deliberation, and togetherness Based on this, it is suggested that the development of children's literature based on local culture still maintains the strength of the representation of collectivity and deliberation values, but begins to present school spaces in a more proportional manner as part of the character education ecosystem.
THE ROLE OF WAITING FOR TUBANG WHO MIGRATES TO STUDY MUARA TENANG VILLAGE, SEMENDE DARAT TENGAH DISTRICT, MUARA ENIM REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the changes in the role of Tunggu Tubang in the Semende community, especially in the context of overseas, and examine these roles based on structural, normative, behavioral, interactional, and role expectation dimensions. The method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants in this study consist of Tunggu Tubang, family members, and traditional leaders (Meraje). The results of the study show that there has been a shift in the role of Tunggu Tubang from direct management of heritage in the village to indirect management through economic contributions and remote supervision. Nevertheless, the status and responsibilities of Tunggu Tubang remain inherent and recognized in the customary system. In the structural dimension, the role of Tunggu Tubang is in a collective system with the involvement of extended families and supervision of Meraje. In the normative dimension, the role is governed by customary values and norms that emphasize responsibility and sustainability of inheritance. In the behavioral and interactional dimensions, the role of Tunggu Tubang is manifested through management, communication, and deliberation with families and traditional leaders. Meanwhile, in the dimension of expectation, the community has expectations that Tunggu Tubang will be able to carry out its role optimally in order to maintain family harmony. This study concludes that the Tunggu Tubang system is adaptive to social changes, especially due to overseas, without eliminating the basic values that are the foundation of customs. These changes are actually a form of strategy in maintaining the sustainability of the customary system in the midst of the dynamics of modern life.
ONE-STOP INTEGRATED SERVICE SYSTEM TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY SERVICES IN PAYING VEHICLE TAXES AT SAMSAT KABANJAHE
This article discusses the implementation of One-Stop Integrated Services (PTSP) in improving the quality of Motor Vehicle Tax payment services at SAMSAT Kabanjahe, Karo Regency. PTSP is positioned as an instrument of bureaucratic reform that aims to simplify procedures, increase service certainty, and strengthen the effectiveness of public services. The article uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data through observation, in-depth interviews with SAMSAT officials and employees, as well as the taxpayer community, and documentation studies. The results of the discussion show that the implementation of PTSP is able to increase the certainty of service procedures and times, strengthen coordination between agencies, and encourage transparency and accountability of services. The support of standard operating procedures, the use of information technology, and the improvement of the competence of apparatus contribute to the creation of more effective and responsive services. Although some types of services still require a certain turnaround time, PTSP has increased public trust and satisfaction. This article emphasizes that strengthening PTSP has the potential to encourage taxpayer compliance and support the optimization of regional tax revenues in a sustainable manner.
ONLINE RUQYAH AS A SOURCE OF NON FORMAL RELIGIOUS LEARNING: A SOSIOEDUCATIONAL ANALYSIS
The rapid expansion of digital media has transformed religious communication, enabling spiritual guidance to be accessed beyond formal educational settings. This study examines online ruqyah as a source of nonformal religious learning and explores its socioeducational implications for participants’ religious literacy. Using a descriptive qualitative approach within an interpretative paradigm, the research analyzes eleven ruqyah sessions conducted by Jam’iyyah Ruqyah Ahlussunah Waljamaah (JRA) on the Ruqyah Aswaja TV YouTube channel. Data were collected through documentation and non-participant observation, followed by verbatim transcription and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that online ruqyah sessions function as multidimensional learning environments where religious knowledge, practices, and values are transmitted through ritual-based interaction mediated by digital technology. Participants develop theological understanding, practical religious skills, emotional engagement, and reflective awareness through guided participation and repeated exposure. The accessibility of YouTube supports voluntary and self-directed learning while fostering virtual religious communities. From a socioeducational perspective, online ruqyah integrates spiritual healing with religious education, demonstrating the potential of digital platforms to enhance religious literacy and spiritual well-being in contemporary Muslim societies.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AS AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION IN DEVELOPING EDUCATIONAL QUALITY
This study aims to explore the role of social institutions as agents of socialization in developing educational quality. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The qualitative approach was chosen to deeply understand social phenomena related to the role of social institutions as socialization agents in developing educational quality. Through this approach, researchers can explore comprehensive information regarding processes, roles, and interactions within the social environment affecting education. The descriptive approach provides systematic, factual, and accurate descriptions of field conditions, focusing not only on outcomes but also on how social institutions perform their roles in the socialization of educational values. This research was conducted in communities connected with educational institutions, including schools, families, and surrounding communities. The research location was selected purposively considering active interactions among social institutions. The research subjects include parents, teachers, community leaders, religious leaders, and students, while the research object is the role of social institutions as agents of socialization in developing educational quality, including their roles, contributions, and challenges. The results indicate that improving educational quality cannot be carried out partially but must involve various social institutions in an integrated manner. Quality education is education that integrates cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects through support from a conducive social environment. Thus, social institutions do not only function as complementary elements but also as main components in the educational system. Strengthening the role of social institutions has an impact on improving the quality of competitive and character-driven human resources.
This study aims to describe the arrival process of Javanese farmers in Kotaraya Village through the Indonesian government's transmigration program and to examine the development of agriculture and agricultural tools in the village. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, the findings reveal that the arrival of Javanese farmers since 1973 significantly transformed the physical, economic, and social landscape of Kotaraya Village. Previously uncultivated bushland was collectively converted into productive rice fields and structured settlements. Javanese farmers introduced irrigation systems, adaptive cropping patterns, and semi-modern agricultural technologies, facilitating a transition from traditional to more efficient farming methods. The development of agricultural machinery, particularly the shift from animal-drawn plows to tractors and post-harvest machines, has demonstrably enhanced productivity and community welfare. Furthermore, the presence of Javanese transmigrants fostered harmonious cultural acculturation with indigenous communities, wherein Javanese cultural identity remains preserved. This research concludes that the transmigration program served as a catalyst for agricultural transformation and sustainable social integration in Kotaraya Village..
FEASIBILITY OF ANIMATION LEARNING MEDIA USING ADOBE ANIMATE IN CHILD DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING SUBJECTS
This is an open The understanding of child developmental psychology is crucial for the pedagogical competence of elementary school teachers; however, the reality on the ground shows that teachers’ access to practical, interactive learning materials that support self-directed learning remains limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of using Adobe Animate animation media in child developmental psychology training courses to enhance pedagogical competence as a self-directed learning tool for elementary school teachers. This study is a Research and Development (R&D) project. The development procedure for this learning media consists of five stages: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. The results of this study, as assessed for media feasibility, indicate that the media expert scored it at 227 (very high/A category), the language expert at 59 (very high/A category), the content expert at 64 (very high/A category), and the instructor scored the visual aspect at 44 (very high/A category) and 53 for content (very high/A category). A limited group of trainees scored 212 for presentation (very high/A category) and 259 for content (very high/A category), while a broader group of trainees scored 427 for presentation (very high/A category) and 517 for content (very high/A category)
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AS A SOCIAL SPACE AND TRAVEL DECISION MAKING OF GENERATION Z IN BENGKULU CITY
Social media has evolved into a digital social space that enables Generation Z to interact, construct identities, and exchange meanings through visual content and online communication. This study aims to analyze the relationship between social media as a social space and the travel decision-making of Generation Z in Bengkulu City. The research employed a quantitative method with a correlational approach, involving 384 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, linearity testing, and Pearson correlation. The findings indicate a positive tendency in how Generation Z utilizes social media as a social space, as well as in their travel decision-making processes. The Pearson correlation test produced a coefficient of r = 0.792 with p = 0.000, demonstrating a positive and significant relationship between the two variables. This implies that the greater the involvement and interaction experienced through social media, the stronger the tendency of Generation Z to form interest, preferences, and actual decisions to visit tourist destinations. These results confirm that social media functions not only as an informational medium but also as a dynamic arena of social interaction that shapes travel decisions through digital communication and information exchange within online communities.
INTEGRATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALU INTEGRATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUES IN LEARNING HISTORY THROUGH A CONTEXTUAL APPROACH AT SMA NEGERI 3 BALAESANG
This study aims to analyze the integration of local wisdom values in history learning through a contextual approach as an effort to overcome the tendency of history learning which is still textual, de-contextual, and able to internalize local cultural values. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, with data collection techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and is analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and interactive verification. The results of the study show that the integration of local wisdom values is carried out through the contextualization of historical material with the socio-cultural reality of students, the use of the environment as a learning resource, and the application of participatory and dialogical learning methods. The contextual approach has been proven to be able to improve historical understanding, cultural awareness, and internalization of students' character values. This finding corroborates previous research that shows that learning based on local wisdom makes the learning process more meaningful, contextual, and relevant to students' experiences. Thus, the integration of local wisdom through a contextual approach is an effective, adaptive, and sustainable pedagogical strategy in the development of history learning that is oriented towards strengthening cultural character and identity.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION IN THE TRADITIONAL WEDDING CEREMONY OF THE PEOPLE OF TEMPIRAI VILLAGE, PALI DISTRICT
This research is motivated by the tradition of the wedding ceremony of the Tempirai village community which is unique in no other place and the existence of symbolic interactionism in the traditional wedding ceremony so that it is interesting to study. This research aims to find out the series of traditional wedding rituals of the Tempirai Village community, as well as the role of symbolic interactionism in the ceremony. This research uses a qualitative approach through the use of case study methodology. Data collection methods were conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. This research uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing as its data analysis approach. The results of this study show that the traditional marriage ceremony procession of the Tempirai village community begins with the process of gathering the nuclear family, proposal, invitation notification, mipis bumbu, simbang ngambik, marriage contract, mapak, and tandang sujud. Secondly, the process of symbolic interactionism in the traditional marriage ceremony in Tempirai community includes the procession of making a basket by the groom-to-be, the process of invitation notification with mokon, and sen jujur or the bride-to-be's request to the groom-to-be.
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POSITION OF NOTARY REGARDING CONCURRENT POSITIONS AS LECTURER IN HIGHER EDUCATION
University or College is a place for people or communities who want to study at a higher level. In this University there are several teaching programs, namely Diploma, Bachelor, Master, Doctoral, Professional and Specialist Programs. In organizing education carried out by this University, it is divided into several faculties that carry out scientific and professional education in specific disciplines. Lecturers are educational staff who have special experience in a field of profession that they are pursuing, in teaching in the Postgraduate Notary Program, teachers or lecturers are needed who also hold positions as notaries. However, in practice, this has caused problems because in National law that concerning Notary Positions, a notary is prohibited from holding a position in a business entity, either state-owned or privately owned. This raises a conflict, on the one hand, this Notary is not allowed to hold a position in a business entity, but in terms of the world of education, especially in universities that have a law faculty and a postgraduate program majoring in law, lecturers or teachers who have expertise in the field of notaries are very much needed. However, based on several exceptions and positive laws that indirectly regulate this matter, Government Regulation Number 60 of 1999 concerning Higher Education regulates extraordinary Lecturers, Law Number 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, in the eyes of the law, notaries who become lecturers can hold the status of general notary officials and lecturers.
IMPLEMENTATION OF VOCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN ENHANCING STUDENTS’ SKILLS IN GRAPHIC ENGINEERING AND CULINARY ARTS AT MADRASAH ALIYAH
This study aims to analyze the implementation of vocational programs in enhancing students’ skills in Graphic Engineering and Culinary Arts at Darul Ulum Islamic Senior High School (Madrasah Aliyah Darul Ulum) Purwogondo, Jepara. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research participants included the school principal, vice principal, vocational program teachers, students, and alumni, who were selected purposively. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and were analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was ensured through source and technique triangulation, as well as member checking. The findings indicate that the implementation of vocational programs has been carried out systematically through the stages of planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation, which are integrated into the school curriculum. Project-based and production-based learning effectively enhance both technical skills (hard skills) and non-technical skills (soft skills), such as discipline, teamwork, and self-confidence. The vocational programs also improve students’ work readiness and entrepreneurial mindset. The success of the program is supported by adaptive school leadership and the utilization of social capital, although challenges remain in terms of facilities and infrastructure.
EXPLORATION OF CHILDREN’S LEARNING EXPERIENCES AGED 5-6 YEARS THROUGH THE STEAM APPROACH PROJECT OF MAKING CRISPY SHRIMP
Early childhood is a golden age where children’s potential develops rapidly through appropriate stimulation. One crucial life skills rarely explored academically is cooking. This research aims to explore the implementation of the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) approach to improving basic everyday skills through a crispy shrimp making project. This research used a qualitative design with a case study approach. Subjects included children aged 5-6 years at ABA 54 Kindergarten in Semarang. Data were collected through participant observation,in depth interviews,and activity documentation. The research results show that the crispy shrimp project successfully integrated all five aspects of STEAM. Science emerges through ingredient identification, technology through the use of cooking utensils, engineering through the sequence of cooking steps,art through the aesthetics of presentation,and mathematics through measuring ingredients. Overall,this activity proved effective as a holistic learning medium that stimulates children’s curiosity,problem solving skills,and creativity. These findings confirm that the practical,project based STEAM approach not only develops cognitive and motor skills but also shapes children’s character and independence,preparing them for future generations.
FEASIBILITY OF LMS-BASED E-MODULES IN COMPUTER NETWORK LEARNING USING THE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL
Vocational education demands interactive digital resources that foster higher-order thinking skills, particularly in practice-oriented subjects like computer networks. However, many current digital tools lack integration with structured pedagogical models. This study aims to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a Learning Management System (LMS) based e-module integrated with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model for eleventh-grade computer network learning. Employing a Research and Development design with the ADDIE model, this study focused on the development stage. Participants included material and media experts, informatics teachers, and 72 eleventh-grade students from a public high school, selected via purposive and quota sampling. Data were collected using expert validation sheets and student response questionnaires. The findings demonstrate that the e-module is highly feasible for implementation. Both material and media experts rated the module with an average score of 3.63 (very high), highlighting strong conceptual accuracy, clear instructional design, and excellent visual ergonomics. Furthermore, student responses yielded a highly positive average score of 3.52, indicating strong accessibility and engagement, despite minor challenges in comprehending specific technical terms. In conclusion, the LMS-based e-module successfully synergizes digital learning architecture with the PBL syntax, proving to be a highly feasible pedagogical instrument. Its practical implementation requires complementary cognitive scaffolding to prevent cognitive overload, providing a robust framework for enhancing analytical skills and autonomy in vocational education
NETIZENS' POLITENESS IN PRABOWO SUBIANTO'S INSTAGRAM COMMENT COLUMN "DURING A STATE VISIT TO QATAR" APRIL 13, 2025
This research is motivated by a survey published by Kompas.com which states that the level of politeness of Indonesian netizens is the worst in Southeast Asia. The writer wants to find out more about whether it is true that such a level of politeness is true. The problem in this study is how the politeness of netizens is contained in Prabowo Subianto's Instagram comment column. The purpose of this study is to explore and elaborate the politeness of netizens contained in Prabowo Subianto's Instagram comment column. Referring to the principle of Leech's politeness, this study uses a qualitative approach and content analysis method. The data in this study is in the form of all polite and impolite speech in Prabowo Subianto's Instagram comment column. In this study, the source of data is Prabowo Subianto's Instagram comment column on the post "During a State Visit to Qatar" The data collection technique is documentation, reading and recording techniques. The data analysis technique of this study uses the following Bungin content analysis techniques: Coding, data classification, analyzing and looking for relationships, and draft reports. Based on the results of the study, 80 data were obtained with the following details. The maxim of wisdom obtained 13 manners and 5 immodesties, the maxim of generosity obtained 7 manners and 0 immodesties, the maxim of praise obtained 17 manners and 0 immodesties, the maxim of humility obtained 5 manners and 7 immodesties, the maxim of agreement obtained 6 manners and 0 immodesty and the maxim of sympathy obtained 20 manners and 0 immodesties. Based on the details of the data above, it can be concluded that the politeness of netizens on Prabowo Subianto's Instagram is predominantly polite, it can be said to be polite because they appreciate and uphold respect for others, especially state leaders
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST THE CRIME OF THEFT WITH VIOLENCE CAUSING DEATH (STUDY ON LALAT POLICE)
This study aims to analyze law enforcement by the Langkat Police Resort (Polres) regarding the crime of theft with violence resulting in death. The research questions include: (1) what form of law enforcement is carried out by the Langkat Police Resort (Polres) regarding the crime of theft with violence resulting in death; (2) what factors hinder the law enforcement process; and (3) what efforts are made by the Langkat Police Resort (Polres) in overcoming the crime of theft with violence resulting in death. This study uses an empirical legal research methodology, namely research that positions law as a social phenomenon that can be observed through the behavior of law enforcement officers and community responses. The type of research used is field research, collecting primary data through in-depth interviews with investigators, Criminal Investigation Officers (NCOs), and relevant officials at the Langkat Police Resort, as well as secondary data in the form of laws and regulations and legal literature. The research is descriptive and analytical in nature, namely describing empirical facts regarding the law enforcement process and then analyzing them based on relevant legal theories and provisions.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ONLINE GAMBLING CRIMES IN INDONESIA: A CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against online gambling crimes in Indonesia from criminal law and criminological perspectives. The rapid development of information technology has transformed conventional gambling into more complex, anonymous, and transnational digital forms, posing challenges in offender identification and regulatory adaptation. This research employs a normative juridical approach using secondary data from laws, legal doctrines, and academic literature, analyzed qualitatively through a descriptive-analytical method. The findings reveal that law enforcement remains suboptimal despite existing regulations such as the Information and Electronic Transactions Law. Key obstacles include limited institutional capacity, increasingly sophisticated modus operandi, and the transnational nature of the crime. From a criminological perspective, this phenomenon is driven by opportunity structures, ease of technological access, and economic motivations. This study highlights the need for regulatory strengthening, institutional capacity improvement, and integrated legal and criminological approaches.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROMOTION, WORD-OF MOUTH, AND BRAND IMAGE ON CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISIONS: A STUDY OF KOPI SOE MEDAN
This study aims to analyze the influence of promotion, word of mouth, and brand image on consumer purchase decisions at Kopi Soe Medan. The research employs a quantitative approach using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to 160 respondents. Data analysis is conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of statistical software, including classical assumption tests, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that partially, promotion, word of mouth, and brand image each have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Simultaneously, all independent variables also have a significant effect on purchase decisions, indicating that the model is statistically valid. Among the variables, brand image has the strongest influence, followed by word of mouth and promotion. The coefficient of determination indicates that the model explains a moderate proportion of the variation in purchase decisions, while the remaining variance is influenced by other factors. These findings suggest that strengthening brand image, optimizing promotional strategies, and encouraging positive word of mouth are essential for improving consumer purchase decisions. Therefore, an integrated marketing strategy is necessary for businesses to remain competitive in the coffee shop industry.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST JUVENILE MOTORCYCLE THEFT OFFENSES: A STUDY AT THE NORTH SUMATRA REGIONAL POLICE
This thesis examines law enforcement against juvenile motorcycle theft, focusing on the North Sumatra Regional Police. It addresses three key issues: (1) the statutory framework governing theft; (2) the enforcement strategies applied to juvenile offenders; and (3) the institutional obstacles encountered in practice. Employing normative legal research with a descriptive-analytical design, the study relies on primary and secondary legal materials through a doctrinal approach. The findings indicate that theft is regulated under Article 362 of the Indonesian Criminal Code and Articles 476–477 of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code. The North Sumatra Regional Police implement both penal measures, through formal criminal proceedings, and non-penal approaches emphasizing prevention and diversion in handling juvenile offenders. Enforcement challenges stem from the absence of comprehensive implementing regulations and budgetary constraints imposed at the central level, which limit operational facilities and institutional capacity. The study underscores the need for regulatory clarity, adequate institutional support, and strengthened preventive mechanisms within the juvenile justice framework.
IDENTITY POLITICS AND ELECTORAL CHALLENGES OF THE INDONESIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF STRUGGLE (PDIP) IN WEST SUMATERA
Research on the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) has so far been dominated by the focus of studies in the Java region, especially related to its support base and electoral dynamics. Meanwhile, studies on PDIP in the Sumatra region, especially West Sumatra, are still relatively limited. In fact, the different socio-political contexts in this region have their own dynamics, especially in relation to identity politics and electoral challenges faced by PDIP. This research will examine the dynamics of identity politics and electoral challenges faced by the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) in West Sumatra. As a nationalist party that has an ideology that is often considered contrary to the cultural and religious sentiments of the Minangkabau people, PDIP has had difficulty gaining significant support in this area. Through a cultural-political approach, this study analyzes how people's collective identities, historical narratives, and the formation of customary and religious values affect political preferences that tend to be conservative and resistive to PDIP. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach and discourse analysis to investigate the construction of identity politics behind PDIP's low electability. The results of this study show that rejection of PDIP in West Sumatra is not only caused by policy or performance issues, but also influenced by ideological perceptions, historical trauma, and the strengthening of local identity that is contrary to PDIP's image of nationalism. These findings underscore the importance of contextual political communication strategies that are sensitive to local cultural dynamics in the face of electoral contestation.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING QUALITY OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN SAMSAT KABANJAHE
This study aims to analyze the role of human resource management in improving the quality of One-Stop Integrated Services (PTSP) at UPT PEPENDA (SAMSAT) Kabanjahe. The approach used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and data triangulation. The focus of the research is directed at the aspects of planning and sufficiency of human resources, recruitment, training and development, work motivation, performance evaluation, and their implications for the speed, accuracy, and responsiveness of public services. The results of the study show that the implementation of PTSP has provided easy access to services for the community, but its effectiveness is highly dependent on the quality and management of human resources. The limited number of employees in a certain period still affects the waiting time for services. Continuous training, work motivation, and performance evaluation play an important role in maintaining service quality. Cross-agency synergy, especially with the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia, also strengthens the accuracy and certainty of service. This research emphasizes that strengthening human resource management is the key to improving the quality of sustainable public services.
TYPOLOGY OF SOCIO-EMOTIONAL COMPETENCIES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS AND RESILIENCE IN LEARNING
The background of this research is the disconnect between the high psychological well-being of teachers and the decline in the quality of student learning in literacy and numeracy aspects in rural elementary schools. This qualitative case study research aims to dissect the typology of social-emotional competencies (SECs) of teachers at SDN Rajek, Grobogan Regency, to understand the disparity in cognitive achievement. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and a review of the 2024-2025 Education Report Card documents. The results revealed that the majority of teachers fall into the "Reflective-Stagnant" profile, where personal emotional maturity has not yet transformed into effective instructional resilience. The findings indicate that teacher empathy tends to be passive towards students' sociogeographical barriers. This study recommends a behavioral intervention matrix to shift teacher typology towards the "Resilient-Accelerative" profile through the integration of diagnostic SECs to restore the quality of learning in rural areas.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PKWT FOR BANYUWANGI MARITIME ACADEMY CADETS (AKABA) IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EID HOMECOMING TRANSPORTATION AT KETAPANG PORT, BANYUWANGI - GILIMANUK, BALI
Sea transportation plays a strategic role in supporting mobility in Indonesia, especially during the Lebaran homecoming period, which is marked by a significant increase in passenger and vehicle flows. The Ketapang–Gilimanuk crossing route is one of the busiest corridors during this period. To support operational services, maritime cadets from institutions such as Akademi Kelautan Banyuwangi (AKABA) are often involved. Their participation can be carried out through a fixed-term employment agreement (Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu / PKWT), as regulated in Indonesian labor law. This study aims to analyze the legal implementation of PKWT for AKABA cadets in Lebaran transportation operations and to examine the forms of legal protection provided. The research uses a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that the application of PKWT for cadets is legally permissible as long as it complies with regulations, particularly for temporary or seasonal work. However, its implementation must also ensure legal protection, work safety, and clarity of employment status to prevent violations of cadets’ rights as both workers and students. Therefore, clearer regulations and stronger coordination between educational institutions, transport operators, and related stakeholders are needed to ensure legal certainty and protection for cadets involved in Lebaran transportation activities.
AGRARIAN CONFLICT IN STATE-OWNED PLANTATION (A STUDY OF AGRARIAN CONFLICT IN MEKAR JAYA VILLAGE, LANGKAT REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE)
This study aims to analyze agrarian conflicts in state-owned plantations, specifically in Mekar Jaya Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. North Sumatra is one of the provinces with the highest number of agrarian conflicts in Indonesia. Agrarian conflicts are a serious and urgent issue because it affects stakeholders’ social, economic and cultural lives. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach and focuses on the government’s role in handling the conflict through policy, both at the level of regulation and implementation. In addition, this study also relates the case to the theory of land grabbing, including examining the involvement of various stakeholders in it. The results of the study show that land grabbing in Mekar Jaya Village has triggered depeasantization. Furthermore, the dimension of agrarian conflict in the plantation sector is very complex because it involves many stakeholders. This study also found that despite the existence of conflict resolution mechanisms, these are not well implemented due to strong sectoral egos between government institutions. In conclusion, without a strong political commitment from the government to resolve agrarian conflicts, it will be difficult to resolve the agrarian conflict in Mekar Jaya Village.
ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF LITERACY AND NUMERACY ACHIEVEMENTS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY BASED ON EDUCATION REPORTS AT SDN 2 MANGGARMAS
This research was driven by the low cognitive reasoning abilities of elementary school students, despite administrative scores showing a positive trend. The objective of the study was to analyze the determinants of literacy and numeracy achievement at SDN 2 Manggarmas through Education Report Card data. The research method used a descriptive qualitative case study with data triangulation techniques involving the 2024–2025 Education Report Card document, interviews, and observations. The results showed a 23.62-point increase in numeracy scores (reaching 84.98) and the successful elimination of 0% of students below the standard. However, a significant Cognitive Gap was found between the ability to know (89.13) and reason (74.60), as well as disparities in the geometry domain (77.93). The conclusion suggests that the quantitative increase is influenced by adaptive instructional leadership, but further pedagogical transformation is needed to improve the depth of students' reasoning (L3).
THE PROBLEMATICS OF INDONESIAN EDUCATION IN A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Education is one of the main pillars in the development of a nation, as it plays a crucial role in improving the quality of human resources. However, in the context of Indonesia, the education system still faces various complex and multidimensional problems. These issues are not only related to academic aspects or educational policies, but are also influenced by various social, economic, and cultural factors that develop within society. This article aims to analyze the problems of education in Indonesia from the perspective of the sociology of education by examining various social factors that affect the quality of and access to education. This study employs a qualitative research method with a library research approach. The data collection technique used in this research is a literature study, which involves reading, reviewing, and analyzing various references, such as books on the sociology of education and collections of scientific journals related to educational problems in Indonesia from a sociological perspective. The results of the study indicate a significant disparity in access to and quality of education between urban and rural areas. In addition, family economic factors, social conditions of the community, and limitations in educational infrastructure also influence the success of the educational process. From a sociological perspective, education cannot be separated from the social dynamics that develop within society. Therefore, efforts to improve the quality of education in Indonesia require a comprehensive approach that takes into account various influencing social factors. This study is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of educational issues and to serve as a basis for more inclusive and equitable educational policy-making.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTENSITY OF REMEDIAL ACTIVITIES AND SELF-EFFICACY ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY
This study aims to analyze the contribution of remedial activity intensity and self-efficacy to improving student learning outcomes. The method used is a mixed method, combining a quantitative approach to examine the relationships between variables and a qualitative approach through interviews and observations to strengthen field findings. The results indicate that consistent student engagement in remedial activities is associated with improved academic achievement. Remedial activities serve not only to improve grades but also as an opportunity for students to review the material until it is fully understood. Meanwhile, self-efficacy contributed to students' learning motivation, mental readiness, and courage to face academic challenges. These findings indicate that these two variables are important factors that mutually support learning success, so remedial implementation should be designed to strengthen understanding and foster students' learning confidence.
DA'WAH RHETORIC STRATEGY USTADZ ABDUL SOMAD EPISODE "MAN CLOSEST TO ALLAH"
Da'wah is a form of communication that aims to convey Islamic teachings to the community. In delivering lectures, language has an important role because through the language of da'wah messages can be understood by listeners. One of the linguistic elements that plays a role in the lecture is diction or word selection. The right choice of words can help the speaker convey the message more clearly, engagingly, and persuasively. Therefore, this study aims to describe the use of diction in the lecture delivered by Abdul Somad and explain its contribution in building the rhetorical elements of ethos, pathos, and logos. This research uses a qualitative approach with a content analysis method. The research data in the form of speech contained in a lecture entitled Humans Closest to Allah was uploaded on Ustadz Abdul Somad's YouTube channel. The data collection technique is carried out through the see-and-record method by listening carefully to the lecture and then recording speech that contains the use of diction. The data obtained was then analyzed through the stage of data reduction, classification of diction types, and interpretation of meanings related to rhetorical elements. The results of the study showed that 50 speeches were found that contained the use of diction, namely connotative diction as many as 22 speeches, synonyms of 12 speeches, antonyms of 9 speeches, hyponymy of 6 speeches, and polyemia of 1 speech. Connotative diction is the most dominant type used because it is widely used to convey religious messages symbolically and emotionally. In addition, the results of the study also show the relationship between the use of diction and rhetorical elements, namely logos as many as 23 speeches, pathos 18 speeches, and ethos 9 speeches. These findings show that the choice of diction in lectures has an important role in building the power of da'wah rhetoric so that the message conveyed can be understood, felt, and accepted by the audience more effectively.
THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED LEARNING APPLICATIONS AND STUDENT ENGAGEMENT ON CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS AT MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 2 PEKANBARU
This study aims to analyze the influence of artificial intelligence-based learning applications and student engagement on students' creative thinking skills in the Al-Qur'an Hadith subject at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Pekanbaru, both partially and simultaneously. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group, involving an experimental group that utilized AI-based learning applications and a control group that relied on conventional textbooks. Data were collected through written tests to measure students' creative thinking skills and structured questionnaires to assess student engagement levels. The data were analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test and Two-Way ANOVA, with prerequisite tests including the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's Test for homogeneity of variance, and instrument validity and reliability testing. The results revealed that the use of AI-based learning applications had a significant effect on students' creative thinking skills, with a significance value of 0.000, a Mean Difference of 14.40 points, and a Partial Eta Squared of 0.339, which is classified as a large effect. Student engagement also demonstrated a significant effect, with a significance value of 0.000, a Mean Difference of 7.30 points, and a Partial Eta Squared of 0.296, likewise categorized as a large effect. Simultaneously, both variables accounted for 77.9% of the variance in students' creative thinking skills, as indicated by an R Squared value of 0.779. This study concludes that the synergy between AI-based learning applications and student engagement constitutes a proven and effective combination for enhancing students' creative thinking skills in a madrasah environment, while also making a meaningful contribution to the achievement of SDG 4 on quality education.
TYPOLOGY OF CONJUNCTIONS IN THE EASTERN CURSE REGIONAL LANGUAGE (CASE STUDY OF STUDENTS OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE STUDY PROGRAM FKIP UNKHAIR
This study aims to describe the typology of conjunctions in the regional languages of East Makian with a focus on the classification of forms, syntactic functions, and relational meanings that appear in the use of language by students of the Indonesian Language Education Study Program, FKIP Khairun University. The East Makian language, also known as Taba or Makian Dalam, is a regional language spoken in the Makian and South Halmahera Island areas, North Maluku Province. The existence of this language is important to study because it is still alive in a spoken society, but it is in a situation that demands documentation and strengthening intergenerational functions. This research is prepared as a qualitative descriptive study with a structural-functional linguistic approach. The focus of the discussion was directed at the types of conjunctions that have the potential to appear in the speech of East Makian speakers, namely coordinated, subordinative, correlative, interclause, and intersentence conjunctions. Because specific documentation on East Makian conjunctions is still limited in available online sources, the typology discussion is compiled through the combination of basic linguistic data about East Makian with the framework of conjunction theory in Indonesian linguistics to produce an analysis model that can be used in advanced field research. The results of the study show that the typology of conjunctions in the Eastern Makian language can be conceptually mapped based on the relationship of addition, selection, contradiction, cause, condition, goal, time, and order between syntactic units. In the context of FKIP Unkhair students, the use of regional conjunctions is expected to be present side by side with Indonesian conjunctions due to the bilingual situation and language contact. Thus, research on Eastern Makian conjunctions is not only important for grammatical description, but also relevant for the preservation of regional languages, the teaching of regional linguistics, and the strengthening of students' linguistic identity.
THE CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
The constructivist approach has become a learning paradigm that has received widespread attention in various educational disciplines, including Islamic Religious Education (IRE). Although there have been many empirical studies in general education, theoretical studies that analyze the relationship between constructivism and the epistemology and pedagogy of IRE in depth are still limited. This article aims to theoretically analyze the constructivist approach in the context of Islamic Religious Education and examine its pedagogical implications for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of IRP learning. This study uses the library research method with content analysis and literature synthesis from national and international journal articles published between 2016 and 2025. The results of the study show that constructivism provides a strong conceptual foundation for developing student-centered, dialogical, reflective, and contextual Islamic Religious Education learning. Its pedagogical implications include changing the role of teachers to facilitators, using active learning strategies such as problem-based learning and reflective discussions, and evaluations that assess the cognitive, affective, and reflective aspects of students. This article recommends the integration of constructivism principles into the curriculum and learning practices of Islamic Religious Education at various levels of education as an effort to enrich the integrity of religious learning.
VALIDITY OF WEEBLY-BASED NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHING MATERIALS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged the creation of more interactive and accessible learning materials in elementary education, particularly for Integrated Natural and Social Sciences. However, many classroom materials remain conventional and less responsive to students’ learning characteristics. This study aimed to determine the validity of Weebly-based Natural and Social Sciences teaching materials for fourth-grade elementary school students. The research used a descriptive quantitative design with expert validation involving one media expert and one material expert. The instruments consisted of validation sheets covering content accuracy, material depth, contextual relevance, language clarity, conceptual presentation, visual design, navigation, accessibility, and interactivity. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Aiken’s V to measure expert agreement. The results showed that the media expert validation obtained a total score of 138 with an average of 4.60, while the material expert validation obtained a total score of 134 with an average of 4.47. The Aiken’s V values were 0.90 for media and 0.87 for material, both indicating very high validity. These findings show that the developed Weebly-based teaching materials are highly feasible and appropriate for use as digital learning resources in elementary school. The study implies that Weebly can support the development of structured, interactive, and pedagogically relevant teaching materials that align with student needs and curriculum demands.
STRENGTHENING STUDENTS’ DISCIPLINE CHARACTER THROUGH THE “5 TEPAT” PRACTICE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
The low level of student discipline, as reflected in a lack of punctuality, adherence to rules, understanding of the importance of discipline, and attitudes that do not yet align with norms of politeness, forms the background of this study. The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of the “5 Tepat” (on time, in the right place, on the right task, following the right rules, and with the right attitude) habituation in strengthening students’ disciplinary character in elementary schools, to identify implementation challenges, and to analyze supporting and inhibiting factors.This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design at SD Negeri Cisuru 05, Cilacap Regency. The research subjects include the principal, teachers, and students selected purposively. Data collection techniques consist of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity is ensured through source and technique triangulation, as well as member checking to enhance credibility. Data analysis follows the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, involving data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing.The results indicate that the “5 Tepat” habituation is implemented systematically through stages of understanding, routine practice, and evaluation and reflection. Most aspects of discipline have developed well, particularly being in the right place, following the right rules, and demonstrating the right attitude. However, punctuality and task completion still require reinforcement, as they have not been consistently achieved by all students. Implementation challenges include differences in student characteristics, low internal awareness, limited supervision, and the influence of the family environment. The success of the program is supported by school policies, teacher role modeling, collaboration among teachers, and parental involvement. The “5 Tepat” habituation has the potential to become an effective model for strengthening disciplinary character if implemented consistently and sustainably.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST THE CRIME OF COUNTERFEITING HERBAL MEDICINE (STUDY AT THE NORTH SUMATRA POLICE)
This thesis research is entitled Law Enforcement Against Criminal Acts of Herbal Medicine Counterfeiting (Study of North Sumatra Regional Police). The formulation of the problem is: What are the legal regulations for herbal medicine counterfeiting in legislation? What factors cause the occurrence of criminal acts of herbal medicine counterfeiting? How is law enforcement carried out by the North Sumatra Regional Police against perpetrators of herbal medicine counterfeiting? The research method used is normative juridical legal research, with a descriptive analytical research type. For the problem approach, a normative juridical approach is used. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results of the study show that the legal regulations for herbal medicine counterfeiting are the Minister of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2018 concerning Permits and Implementation of Traditional Herbal Medicine Health Worker Practices, Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health, and Government Regulation No. 103 of 2014 concerning Traditional Health Services. A factor contributing to the occurrence of counterfeit herbal medicine is the lenient penalties for perpetrators of counterfeiting herbal medicine, which has led to increased activity, particularly in counterfeiting herbal medicine. The North Sumatra Regional Police's law enforcement efforts against perpetrators of counterfeit herbal medicine involve conducting investigations and inquiries until the files are received by the Prosecutor's Office for trial.
A PROJECT-BASED DIGITAL INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL FRAMEWORK: A LITERATURE REVIEW TO ENHANCE STUDENT CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS
The skills of current vocational high school graduates are currently out of alignment with the needs of the job market. Creative thinking skills are projected to be widely used by 2030, and their application relies on Project-Based Learning (PjBL). However, implementation is still hindered by inadequate assessment methods and instructional materials. The objective of this study is to review PjBL in relation to improving creative thinking skills while developing a framework for PjBL-based digital instructional materials that teachers can implement in their instruction. This study was conducted as a literature review in the form of a narrative review. The findings indicate that when using PjBL-based digital instructional materials, it is essential to understand the design stages and syntax that must be followed to ensure learning objectives are achieved.
STRENGTHENING NATIONAL CHARACTER EDUCATION IN CIVICS EDUCATION LEARNING AS AN EFFORTS TO PREVENT STUDENT BRAWLING AT STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 14, SABATANG VILLAGE SOUTH HALMAHERA REGENCY
Globalization and the development of information technology have impacted changes in adolescent behavior, including an increase in social conflicts between students that have led to brawls. This phenomenon also occurred at State Senior High School 14, Sabatang Village, South Halmahera, and was influenced by low emotional control skills, the influence of social circles, and students' lack of understanding of peaceful conflict resolution. Yet, Civics Education (PKn) learning plays a strategic role in instilling national character values ​​that can prevent violent behavior. This study aims to (1) determine the implementation of strengthening national character education through civics learning, and (2) determine the character values ​​instilled through civics learning in an effort to prevent student brawls at State Senior High School 14, Sabatang Village, South Halmahera. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation, while data analysis is carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results indicate that (1) the implementation of strengthening national character education is carried out through the integration of character values ​​in the planning and implementation of Civics learning, using discussion methods, case studies, group work, and the habituation of positive attitudes through school activities involving teacher role models and the implementation of school regulations. (2) The instilled character values ​​include discipline, responsibility, tolerance, self-control, legal awareness, mutual respect, and a love of peace, which play a role in shaping students' moral and social awareness so that they are able to resolve conflicts through deliberation and avoid violent behavior.