SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL
Jurnal sosioedukasi (e-ISSN: 2541-612X, Print ISSN 2086-6135) diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, diterbitkan dua kali setahun pada bulan mei dan november. fokus Scientific Journals of Education and Social. dan pertahun 2025 menjadi 4 kali terbitan yaitu Maret, Juni, Septeber dan Desember. Jurnal sosioedukasi mencakup semua bidang dan periode dalam Pendidikan dan sosial, yang membahas semua aspek pendidikan termasuk ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan politik dan hukum. Semua pendekatan bisa di terima. Jurnal ini menerima berbagai format termasuk artikel dari forum ilmiah, esai ulasan, dan masalah khusus. Editor juga menerima ulasan buku untuk diterbitkan di bagian khusus dari publikasi. Artikel-artikel tersebut dapat ditulis untuk disampaikan dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris.
Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COACHING FOR NARCOTICS RECIDIVIST INMATES (STUDY IN CLASS II-B BALIGE PRISON)
This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing the guidance of narcotics recidivist inmates, examine the guidance patterns implemented at the Class II-B Balige Detention Center, and identify the obstacles faced by officers in applying such guidance. The research employs an empirical juridical method, combining normative legal analysis with field data obtained from observations and interviews. The findings reveal that the legal basis for inmate guidance is regulated under Law No. 22 of 2022 on Corrections, Government Regulation No. 31 of 1999 on Guidance and Supervision of Correctional Inmates, and Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics. The detention center applies individual and independent guidance patterns tailored to inmates’ needs. However, implementation faces obstacles, including officer negligence and limited supervision, which affect the effectiveness of the correctional system. Strengthening institutional discipline and supervision is essential to prevent recidivism.
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SALESPERSON PERFORMANCE IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE, COMMUNICATION SKILLS, AND CUSTOMER VISIT
This research aims to analyze the influence of product knowledge, communication skills, and customer visits on salesperson performance at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk., Singaraja Branch Office. The study employed a quantitative causal research design to examine the relationships between these variables. A census sampling technique was utilized, involving the entire population of 111 salespersons, which includes Relationship Managers and Mantri. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression, partial t-tests, and simultaneous F-test. The results demonstrate that product knowledge, communication skills, and customer visits each have a positive and significant partial effect on salesperson performance. Simultaneously, these three variables significantly influence performance with an F-value of 40.816 (p < 0.05), accounting for 53.4% of the performance variance. The study indicates that while each factor is a critical determinant, their synergistic integration is essential for achieving optimal sales targets and volume growth. The study concludes that product knowledge, communication skills, and customer visits serve as vital predictors of salesperson success in the banking sector. These findings suggest that management should prioritize periodic product refreshment and structured monitoring of visit quality to maintain performance stability and competitive advantage.
STRENGTHENING NATIONAL CHARACTER EDUCATION IN CIVICS EDUCATION LEARNING AS AN EFFORTS TO PREVENT STUDENT BRAWLING AT STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 14, SABATANG VILLAGE SOUTH HALMAHERA REGENCY
Globalization and the development of information technology have impacted changes in adolescent behavior, including an increase in social conflicts between students that have led to brawls. This phenomenon also occurred at State Senior High School 14, Sabatang Village, South Halmahera, and was influenced by low emotional control skills, the influence of social circles, and students' lack of understanding of peaceful conflict resolution. Yet, Civics Education (PKn) learning plays a strategic role in instilling national character values ​​that can prevent violent behavior. This study aims to (1) determine the implementation of strengthening national character education through civics learning, and (2) determine the character values ​​instilled through civics learning in an effort to prevent student brawls at State Senior High School 14, Sabatang Village, South Halmahera. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation, while data analysis is carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results indicate that (1) the implementation of strengthening national character education is carried out through the integration of character values ​​in the planning and implementation of Civics learning, using discussion methods, case studies, group work, and the habituation of positive attitudes through school activities involving teacher role models and the implementation of school regulations. (2) The instilled character values ​​include discipline, responsibility, tolerance, self-control, legal awareness, mutual respect, and a love of peace, which play a role in shaping students' moral and social awareness so that they are able to resolve conflicts through deliberation and avoid violent behavior.
RELIGIOUS MODERATION AS A FOUNDATIONAL UNDERSTANDING IN STRENGTHENING SOCIAL HARMONY IN SIMPANG EMPAT VILLAGE, SIMPANG EMPAT DISTRICT, ASAHAN REGENCY
This research is motivated by the importance of religious moderation in creating a harmonious and harmonious community life amidst religious diversity. Simpang Empat Village once experienced a major interfaith conflict related to the rejection of the construction of a house of worship, but the conflict did not last long and was resolved through deliberation. This condition indicates a learning process towards a more peaceful and tolerant community life. This study aims to determine the community's understanding of religious moderation and its role in improving community harmony. This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological research type, using primary data in the form of interviews with local religious leaders and secondary data from books, journals, and the internet. The results show that religious moderation can be a foundation for building a harmonious society through tolerance, mutual respect, and a forum for interfaith cooperation such as BKUK, which has been successfully implemented and is the main goal in maintaining community harmony in the village. The conclusion of this study is that local religious leaders play an important role in educating religious moderation and building a harmonious society. Therefore, there needs to be cooperation between religious leaders and the community to spread religious moderation because religious moderation can help reduce conflict and increase tolerance between communities and create a peaceful and harmonious community life in Simpang Empat village.
THE EFFECT OF GADGET BAN POLICY ON STUDENTS' LEARNING MOTIVATION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AT SMPN 1 LEMBANG, WEST BANDUNG REGENCY
This study investigates the effect of a school-level gadget ban policy on the learning motivation and social behavior of students at SMPN 1 Lembang, West Bandung Regency. In the digital era, uncontrolled smartphone usage has led to cognitive distraction, reduced attention spans, and an increase in negative social interactions such as cyberbullying among adolescents. Utilizing an explanatory quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 302 students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. The primary instrument was a valid and reliable Likert-scale questionnaire, supported by structured observation and documentation. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results indicate that the gadget ban policy, implemented through a strict "bell-to-bell" mechanism, has a positive and significant effect on student learning motivation, contributing 32% to the variance. By removing the instant dopamine distractions of digital devices, students demonstrated improved intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, perseverance, and deep focus (flow) during lessons. Furthermore, the policy exerts a more substantial positive and significant effect on students' social behavior, accounting for 43% of the variance. The absence of gadgets effectively mitigates the phubbing phenomenon, forcing a restoration of face-to-face communication, enhancing empathy, fostering pro-social cooperation, and significantly reducing incidences of cyberbullying. In conclusion, the institutional regulation of digital devices serves not only as a disciplinary measure but also as a crucial pedagogical strategy that simultaneously optimizes academic drive and cultivates a harmonious, resilient social character within the educational ecosystem.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION IN THE TRADITIONAL WEDDING CEREMONY OF THE PEOPLE OF TEMPIRAI VILLAGE, PALI DISTRICT
This research is motivated by the tradition of the wedding ceremony of the Tempirai village community which is unique in no other place and the existence of symbolic interactionism in the traditional wedding ceremony so that it is interesting to study. This research aims to find out the series of traditional wedding rituals of the Tempirai Village community, as well as the role of symbolic interactionism in the ceremony. This research uses a qualitative approach through the use of case study methodology. Data collection methods were conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. This research uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing as its data analysis approach. The results of this study show that the traditional marriage ceremony procession of the Tempirai village community begins with the process of gathering the nuclear family, proposal, invitation notification, mipis bumbu, simbang ngambik, marriage contract, mapak, and tandang sujud. Secondly, the process of symbolic interactionism in the traditional marriage ceremony in Tempirai community includes the procession of making a basket by the groom-to-be, the process of invitation notification with mokon, and sen jujur or the bride-to-be's request to the groom-to-be.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF CONSUMER PROTECTION TO SPARE PARTS WARRANTY IN THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF HONDA MOTORCYCLES (STUDY IN CV. GRAHA HONDA MARTUBUNG)
The growth of the automotive industry, particularly motorcycles in Indonesia, has driven an increase in sales and purchase transactions, where spare parts warranties are one of the important factors in consumer decision-making. However, uncertainties often arise regarding warranty implementation, leading to conflicts between sellers and buyers. This study aims to analyze the implementation of consumer protection related to spare parts warranties in motorcycle sales and purchase transactions at CV. Graha Honda Martubung, as well as identify inhibiting factors and applicable solutions. The research method used is empirical juridical with a descriptive analytical approach. Data was collected through library research and field research, including interviews with company representatives, consumers, and relevant legal experts. The results show that the implementation of spare parts warranties at CV. Graha Honda Martubung is largely in accordance with regulations, but there are several obstacles such as insufficient socialization to consumers regarding warranty terms, claim procedures that are still considered complicated, and limited stock of certain spare parts. Based on the analysis results, this study provides recommendations including increased socialization, simplification of claim procedures, and better stock management to improve services and consumer protection.
THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING DEEP LEARNING-BASED CURRICULUM TO FACE THE CHALLENGES OF THE DIGITAL ERA
This study aims to analyze the strategic role of social studies teachers in developing a deep learning-based curriculum to face the challenges of the digital era at SD Negeri Karangcegak, Sumbang District, Banyumas Regency. Digital transformation requires a change in the learning approach from just knowledge transfer to learning that emphasizes conceptual understanding, critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and the ability to solve social problems. This study uses a qualitative approach with interview, observation, and documentation data collection techniques. The results showed that teachers began to integrate project-based learning, local social case studies, as well as the use of simple digital media to encourage more in-depth learning. The strategic roles carried out by social studies teachers at SDN Karangcegak Sumbang District are (1) as learning designers who design contextual learning oriented to deep understanding; (2) as a facilitator who encourages cognitive engagement through discussion, scaffolding, and critical questioning; (3) as a motivator who builds a learning climate conducive to active student involvement; (4) as an innovator who develops problem-based and project-based learning methods; (5) as a curriculum designer who adapts the national curriculum to the local context; and (6) as an integrative user of contextual learning media and resources.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE, ADAPTIVE PERFORMANCE, AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT CV. SS JAYA GRUP
Employee performance is one of the important factors in supporting the achievement of organizational goals and is influenced by individual conditions and work environment support. This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance, adaptive performance, and perceived organizational support on employee performance on CV. SS JAYA GRUP as a medium-scale company. The research uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. The entire population of 40 employees was sampled through saturated sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out using a four-point Likert scale questionnaire, then analyzed through validity, reliability, classical assumption test, simple regression, and multiple linear regression. The results showed that work-life balance, adaptive performance, and perceived organizational support partially and simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a determination coefficient of 72.9%. Among these variables, Work-Life Balance had the most substantial effect on employee performance. This research provides empirical insights into the relationship between individual and organizational factors in shaping employee performance in medium-sized companies.
PERSIAN CULTURAL INFLUENCE ON THE EARLY ISLAMIZATION OF SAMUDERA PASAI: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
ABSTRACT This study aims to systematically examine the influence of Persian culture on the early Islamization of Samudera Pasai by integrating fragmented scholarly perspectives into a coherent analytical framework. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by PRISMA 2020, this research analyzes 44 selected studies published between 2015 and 2025 from major academic databases. The findings reveal that Persian cultural influence operated through multiple interconnected dimensions, including maritime trade networks, intellectual and manuscript transmission, Sufi spiritual networks, and material culture. Among these, intellectual and Sufi networks played a more transformative role than previously assumed, particularly in shaping epistemological structures and religious consciousness in the Malay world. The study also highlights the role of Samudera Pasai as a nodal hub within transregional Islamic networks, facilitating both the reception and redistribution of Persianate influences. Furthermore, Islamization is identified as a process of localization and hybridization, where external Persian elements were actively reinterpreted by local communities. The novelty of this study lies in its integrative and multidimensional approach, which moves beyond fragmented and single-dimension analyses by combining economic, intellectual, spiritual, and cultural perspectives within a systematic framework. This study contributes to the literature by offering a more comprehensive and network-based understanding of Islamization in Southeast Asia, while also advancing methodological rigor through the application of SLR in historical research.Abstract should be written in English.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE TEACHING MATERIALS FOR EXPLANATORY TEXT MATERIALS BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM CLASS IX at MTs AL-KAUTSAR PEKANBARU
This research aims to develop interactive teaching materials for explanatory text materials based on Riau Malay local wisdom with the help of the LUMI website for grade IX students of MTs Al-Kautsar Pekanbaru and test the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness in learning Indonesian. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model which includes the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research subjects consisted of material experts, media experts, Indonesian language teachers, and grade IX students. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, validation questionnaires, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests in the form of pretests and posttests. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis and paired-sample t-test. The results of the study show that interactive teaching materials assisted by the LUMI website are in the category of very valid based on the assessment of material experts and media experts. The responses of teachers and students show that teaching materials are practical in learning because they have an attractive appearance, are easy to operate, and are able to increase student engagement. In addition, the results of the effectiveness test showed an increase in student learning outcomes after using interactive teaching materials with a significance value of < 0.05. The integration of Riau Malay local wisdom through Malay poems, poems, and Malay Tutoring makes learning more contextual and meaningful for students. Thus, interactive teaching materials based on Riau Malay local wisdom with the help of the LUMI website were declared feasible, practical, and effective for use in learning explanatory texts in grade IX MTs
TEACHERS' UNDERSTANDING OF DEEP LEARNING IN THE INTEGRATION OF MORAL MESSAGES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
This study aims to describe the extent to which teachers understand the concept of deep learning in the integration of moral messages in mathematics learning at SDN 221 Babakan Sentral. The research background is based on the demands of 21st century education which emphasizes that teachers not only pursue academic achievements, but also the development of students' character and moral values. The deep learning approach is considered relevant because it emphasizes meaningful understanding, reflection processes, and the relationship between knowledge and life values. The research used a qualitative case study method with the subjects of a grade VI teacher, the principal, and two students. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document studies, then analyzed through reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing of the Miles and Huberman models. The findings show that teachers' understanding of deep learning is still limited to conceptual and cognitive aspects, not yet touching the reflective and moral dimensions. Teachers begin to integrate the values of honesty, responsibility, and cooperation, but have not optimally formed students' ethical awareness. The research concludes the need to improve pedagogical competence and reflective awareness through value-based training and a collaborative culture of schools.
TYPOLOGY OF SOCIO-EMOTIONAL COMPETENCIES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS AND RESILIENCE IN LEARNING
The background of this research is the disconnect between the high psychological well-being of teachers and the decline in the quality of student learning in literacy and numeracy aspects in rural elementary schools. This qualitative case study research aims to dissect the typology of social-emotional competencies (SECs) of teachers at SDN Rajek, Grobogan Regency, to understand the disparity in cognitive achievement. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and a review of the 2024-2025 Education Report Card documents. The results revealed that the majority of teachers fall into the "Reflective-Stagnant" profile, where personal emotional maturity has not yet transformed into effective instructional resilience. The findings indicate that teacher empathy tends to be passive towards students' sociogeographical barriers. This study recommends a behavioral intervention matrix to shift teacher typology towards the "Resilient-Accelerative" profile through the integration of diagnostic SECs to restore the quality of learning in rural areas.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF LAND RIGHTS ACQUIRED FROM MIXED MARRIAGES
Mixed marital unions between Indonesian Citizens (WNI) and Foreign Nationals (WNA) may precipitate legal complexities, particularly concerning the governance of land title interests and the apportionment of inherited estates. Such complications arise due to the stipulations of Indonesian land law, which restrict the entitlement to Title Right (Hak Milik) solely to Indonesian citizens, as prescribed under Law Number 5 of 1966 concerning the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). This research seeks to examine the modalities of legal safeguards pertaining to land rights derived from mixed marriages, alongside the procedural frameworks for the distribution of hereditary land assets within such unions. Employing a normative legal methodology, this study adopts statutory and conceptual approaches, drawing upon primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources subjected to descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that legal protection over land rights in mixed marriages may be realized through the execution of a prenuptial agreement stipulating the separation of marital assets, thereby enabling the Indonesian spouse to retain land under Title Right status. In matters of inheritance, foreign nationals are still recognized as heirs; however, ownership of land title rights is restricted by the obligation to release or transfer such rights within one year of acquisition, downgrade the right to right of use (hak pakai), or sell the land to a qualifying party in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
Disruptive Innovation and Business Development, A Bibliometric Study
This study examines the effects and expansion of disruptive technologies across several sectors, indicating a rise in research efforts and academic fascination. Disruptive innovations, which are distinguished by their unique characteristics, cost-effective methods, and ability to replace dominant market leaders, have a substantial impact on transforming corporate environments. The study emphasizes the importance of contextual elements, such as governmental regulations, technological frameworks, and socio-economic circumstances, in either enabling or impeding these advancements. The findings demonstrate that disruptive technologies frequently bring about simplicity and affordability, specifically targeting market groups that have been neglected and causing substantial changes within the industry. The study also highlights the necessity for ongoing research to investigate the intricacies of disruptive technologies, devise novel research approaches, and tackle existing gaps in knowledge. The results of this study provide valuable information for company executives to predict market changes and adjust their strategy accordingly. Additionally, politicians can use these insights to establish settings that promote innovation. This study enhances the overall discussion on competitive advantage and industrial transformation by furthering the understanding of disruptive technologies.
Transparency in the Management of School Operational Assistance Funds through the Implementation of the School Activity and Budget Plan Application
This study explores the transparency of School Operational Assistance fund management via the School Activity and Budget Plan Application at SD St Antonius 02 Semarang. Focusing on information disclosure, data access, clarity, constraints, and public trust, this qualitative case study collected data through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation from purposively selected participants: the principal, treasurer, asset officer, teachers, and school committee. Data were analyzed thematically. Findings reveal that transparency is practiced through meeting disseminations, School Activity and Budget Plan Application reporting, and internal involvement. However, detailed document access remains limited, information clarity for non-managers is suboptimal, and technical, human resource, and organizational constraints persist. Despite these limitations, stakeholder trust remains high due to consistent communication and accountable practices. Ultimately, while School Activity and Budget Plan Application significantly enhances structured financial governance, achieving true participatory transparency requires more communicative information delivery and broader stakeholder engagement.
ETHNOSCIENCE-BASED E-FLIPBOOK FOR ENHANCING SCIENCE LITERACY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Science literacy remains a critical competency for elementary school students in the 21st century, yet its development continues to face significant challenges in Indonesian educational contexts. This literature review examines the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence supporting the development of an ethnoscience-based electronic flipbook (e-flipbook) to enhance science literacy among Grade 4 elementary school students. The review systematically analyzes relevant literature on four interconnected themes: science literacy in elementary education, ethnoscience as a culturally responsive approach in science learning, e-flipbook as an interactive digital learning medium, and the integration of local wisdom into primary school science curricula. Findings reveal that ethnoscience-based learning effectively bridges indigenous cultural knowledge with formal scientific concepts, making abstract science content more contextual and meaningful for students. Furthermore, the integration of digital interactive media such as e-flipbooks has consistently demonstrated improvements in student engagement, motivation, and conceptual understanding across multiple studies. The Kampung Kue Rungkut context in Surabaya presents a rich ethnoscience source, particularly regarding the concept of matter state changes embedded in traditional cake-making practices. This review concludes that the development of an e-flipbook grounded in the ethnoscience context of Kampung Kue Rungkut holds strong potential as an innovative and effective instructional medium for building science literacy competencies among Grade 4 students. Implications for curriculum development and future research directions are discussed.
EFFECTIVENESS OF BUANA.ID: CULTURE-BASED AUGMENTED REALITY LEARNING MEDIA AS A CHARACTER BUILDER FOR STUDENTS
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of BUANA.ID, a local culture-based Augmented Reality (AR) learning media, in supporting the learning process and strengthening the character of junior high school students. The study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with respondents being teachers and junior high school students who have implemented BUANA.ID in learning activities. Data collection was conducted through a satisfaction questionnaire covering aspects of ease of use, media appeal, learning usefulness, and its contribution to strengthening student character. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of percentages and mean values. The results showed that the majority of teachers and students responded positively with a high level of satisfaction with the use of BUANA.ID. The questionnaire results showed that the effectiveness level of BUANA.ID was in the highly effective category, in terms of media appeal, ease of use, assistance in understanding teaching materials, and clear and readable BUANA.ID media content. Teachers also considered this media effective in increasing student engagement and facilitating contextual learning, while students felt that learning became more interactive, interesting, and meaningful. The integration of local cultural content in AR media has been proven to contribute to character building, such as discipline, honesty, hard work, responsibility, and mutual cooperation. Based on the results of the teacher and student satisfaction survey, it can be concluded that BUANA.ID is effective as an innovative learning medium that supports learning and character building for junior high school students.
ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF LITERACY AND NUMERACY ACHIEVEMENTS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY BASED ON EDUCATION REPORTS AT SDN 2 MANGGARMAS
This research was driven by the low cognitive reasoning abilities of elementary school students, despite administrative scores showing a positive trend. The objective of the study was to analyze the determinants of literacy and numeracy achievement at SDN 2 Manggarmas through Education Report Card data. The research method used a descriptive qualitative case study with data triangulation techniques involving the 2024–2025 Education Report Card document, interviews, and observations. The results showed a 23.62-point increase in numeracy scores (reaching 84.98) and the successful elimination of 0% of students below the standard. However, a significant Cognitive Gap was found between the ability to know (89.13) and reason (74.60), as well as disparities in the geometry domain (77.93). The conclusion suggests that the quantitative increase is influenced by adaptive instructional leadership, but further pedagogical transformation is needed to improve the depth of students' reasoning (L3).
PRESERVING CULTURE AND REVIVING ANCESTRAL HERITAGE THROUGH HISTORICAL STUDIES AND LIVE ACTION VIDEO PRODUCTION OF KEBO-KEBOAN BANYUWANGI
This study aims to reconstruct the local history of the Kebo-Keboan tradition in Alasmalang Village, map its values, symbols, and socio-cultural functions, and design a research-based live action video production as a preservation education medium. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a historical approach through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography; data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with the Traditional Leader (Doni Agus Fergianto/Mbah Doni), ritual figure Mbah Ribut, and Village Head Abdul Munir, accompanied by documentation and document studies. The results show that Kebo-Keboan is rooted in the memory of crisis (pagebluk) and the legitimacy of sacred spaces (Watu Loso and cornerstones), developing through a period of formation, organizational strengthening, and a modern phase marked by audience expansion, packaging adjustments, and the need for representational control. The conclusion of the study confirms that the integration of historical studies and community-validated live action video production can broaden access to understanding for the younger generation without shifting the community's cultural authority. The limitations of the study lie in the dominance of oral sources and the lack of a long-term media impact evaluation.
THE EFFECT OF COMIC STRIPS ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF RECOUNT TEXTS AT THE EIGHTH GRADE OF SMPN 6 SIAK HULU
The objective of this inquiry is to ascertain how employing comic strips affects eighth-grade students at SMPN 6 Siak Hulu's ability to comprehend recount texts. Although interpretation of written discourse is essential and forms the basis for helping students succeed academically, students frequently encounter impediments in apprehending English discourses, particularly recount texts. The learning process, which is still dominated by conventional methods, is one of the reasons students have difficulty understanding texts. A quasi-experimental framework employing a non-equivalent control group was implemented in this inquiry. The sample was delineated through purposive selection predicated upon predetermined criteria aligned with the investigational requisites, encompassing 68 participants apportioned into two groups: an experimental and a control class. Data acquisition was derived from pre-assessment and post-assessment outcomes in both groups. Utilizing SPSS 27, an independent t-test was administered for analytical purposes. The empirical findings reveal that the significant coefficient (Sig., two-tailed) is 0.009, which is inferior to the threshold of 0.05 (0.009 < 0.05). This substantiates the repudiation of the null hypothesis (H0) and the corroboration of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). Consequently, it can be posited that the deployment of comic strips exerts a statistically significant enhancement on the eighth-grade learners at SMPN 6 Siak Hulu in their comprehension of recount texts. The incorporation of comic strips within reading pedagogy functions as an innovative and interactive instructional medium to augment students’ interpretation of written discourse proficiency.
COMPARISON OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISE AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES: REGULATORY LIMITATIONS IN INDONESIA
The development of social enterprises as socially oriented business entities reflects a paradigm shift in understanding corporate purpose, from a purely profit-oriented approach toward the integration of economic and social objectives. However, this development has not been adequately supported by a comprehensive legal framework within the Indonesian legal system. This study aims to examine the limitations of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) regulations within the framework of Limited Liability Companies in accommodating social enterprises, as well as to analyze the implications of legal gaps on their existence. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that CSR cannot be equated with social enterprises, as it merely functions as an additional obligation and is not inherently embedded in the company’s core objectives. Furthermore, the absence of legal mechanisms ensuring the continuity of social missions makes social enterprises in the form of limited liability companies vulnerable to shifts in orientation driven by shareholders’ decisions. The legal vacuum is also reflected in the absence of specific regulations recognizing social enterprises as distinct legal entities, resulting in only administrative acknowledgment without sufficient legal certainty. Therefore, legal reform is necessary to comprehensively accommodate the unique characteristics of social enterprises, either through the establishment of a new legal entity or the development of a specialized variant within existing corporate structures. This study is expected to contribute theoretically to the development of corporate law and practically to policymakers in formulating more adaptive regulations.
AAPPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE LEARNING IN THE 21ST CENTURY AT SD NEGERI 42 PEKANBARU
Innovative learning in the 21st century requires teachers to be able to integrate critical thinking skills, creativity, collaboration, communication, and the use of technology into the learning process. This study aims to describe the application of 21st century innovative learning in SD Negeri 42 Pekanbaru, including the strategies used by teachers, obstacles faced, and learning optimization efforts. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation, as well as validation using triangulation. The results show that teachers have understood the 4C principles and tried to apply them through active learning models such as Problem Based Learning (PBL) and simple projects. However, implementation is still limited by the constraints of technology facilities, teachers' ICT skills, and the limitations of operational indicators in the lesson plan and assessment rubric. Nevertheless, authentic assessments in the form of projects and portfolios began to be implemented and received a positive response from students. This research emphasizes the importance of teacher training support, strengthening ICT facilities, and consistency in the application of assessment rubrics so that innovative learning in the 21st century can run optimally in elementary schools.
THE LEGAL FORCE OF THE TANAHKU TOUCH APPLICATION IN ENSURING THE DISCLOSURE OF LAND INFORMATION TO ELECTRONIC CERTIFICATE HOLDERS
The digitalization of Indonesia’s land administration system through the Sentuh Tanahku application represents a strategic government initiative to establish public services that are transparent, efficient, and based on legal certainty. The background of this study stems from the need to ensure transparency of land information and legal protection for land rights holders in the era of digital transformation. The research focuses on two main issues: the legal framework governing electronic land registration through the Sentuh Tanahku application and the legal force of electronic land certificates for land rights holders. This study is significant because the transition from a conventional to a digital system requires a strong legal foundation to ensure the continued protection of citizens’ land rights. This research employs a normative legal method using both the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The legal materials used include Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration, Law Number 11 of 2008 in conjunction with Law Number 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE), Law Number 14 of 2008 on Public Information Disclosure, and Ministerial Regulations of ATR/BPN Number 1 of 2021 and Number 3 of 2023.The findings indicate that electronic land registration in Indonesia has a strong and integrated legal foundation, with constitutional legitimacy rooted in Article 33 paragraph (3) and Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. The electronic land certificate (e-certificate) holds the same evidentiary power as a physical certificate, provided it meets the elements of authenticity, integrity, and data reliability as regulated in Ministerial Regulation ATR/BPN Number 1 of 2021 and the ITE Law. Meanwhile, the Sentuh Tanahku application serves as a tool for implementing the principle of public information transparency (Articles 9 and 11 of the Public Information Disclosure Law), while maintaining data privacy protection in accordance with Law Number 27 of 2022.
DA'WAH RHETORIC STRATEGY USTADZ ABDUL SOMAD EPISODE "MAN CLOSEST TO ALLAH"
Da'wah is a form of communication that aims to convey Islamic teachings to the community. In delivering lectures, language has an important role because through the language of da'wah messages can be understood by listeners. One of the linguistic elements that plays a role in the lecture is diction or word selection. The right choice of words can help the speaker convey the message more clearly, engagingly, and persuasively. Therefore, this study aims to describe the use of diction in the lecture delivered by Abdul Somad and explain its contribution in building the rhetorical elements of ethos, pathos, and logos. This research uses a qualitative approach with a content analysis method. The research data in the form of speech contained in a lecture entitled Humans Closest to Allah was uploaded on Ustadz Abdul Somad's YouTube channel. The data collection technique is carried out through the see-and-record method by listening carefully to the lecture and then recording speech that contains the use of diction. The data obtained was then analyzed through the stage of data reduction, classification of diction types, and interpretation of meanings related to rhetorical elements. The results of the study showed that 50 speeches were found that contained the use of diction, namely connotative diction as many as 22 speeches, synonyms of 12 speeches, antonyms of 9 speeches, hyponymy of 6 speeches, and polyemia of 1 speech. Connotative diction is the most dominant type used because it is widely used to convey religious messages symbolically and emotionally. In addition, the results of the study also show the relationship between the use of diction and rhetorical elements, namely logos as many as 23 speeches, pathos 18 speeches, and ethos 9 speeches. These findings show that the choice of diction in lectures has an important role in building the power of da'wah rhetoric so that the message conveyed can be understood, felt, and accepted by the audience more effectively.
DO CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURES ENHANCE FIRM VALUE? THE MODERATING ROLES OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
This study aims to examine the influence of carbon emission disclosures and firm value by high-profile firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2020-2024. In addition, the study further examined the moderating role of earnings management and good corporate governance on this relationship. The total sample of 19 high-profile firms was obtained using purposive sampling method. The hypothesis testing was conducted using the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The research find that carbon emission disclosures does not have an effect on firm value. Furthermore, earnings management can strengthen the relationship between carbon emission disclosures and firm value. Meanwhile, good corporate governance cannot strengthen the relationship between carbon emission disclosures and firm value. The results contribute to the literature in the fields of carbon emission disclosures and firm value by demonstrating the moderating role of earnings management and good corporate governance, which is not evident in previous studies. It also provides an enhanced perspective on the implications for firms, regulators, policymakers, and stakeholders who are interested in reducing carbon emissions and advancing climate change mitigation goals in line with the net zero emissions (NZE) goal by 2060. The implications of this study highlight the importance for firms to enhance the quality and credibility of carbon emission disclosures to provide stronger positive perception to investors, rather than merely fulfilling regulatory compliances.
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN IPAS LEARNING ON CURRENCY VALUE TOPIC
This study was conducted in response to the low critical thinking skills of fourth-grade students in Integrated Science and Social Studies (IPAS), which were reflected in low learning engagement and achievement scores below the minimum mastery criteria. The study aimed to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ critical thinking skills in the topic of buying and selling activities at SDN Patereman 1. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental method using a one-group pretest–posttest design was employed. The participants consisted of 29 fourth-grade students selected through saturated sampling. Data were gathered through observation and test instruments, and analyzed using normality testing, paired sample t-test, and N-Gain analysis. The findings reveal that students’ critical thinking skills improved, as shown by the increase in the mean score from 48.45 in the pretest to 72.24 in the posttest. The hypothesis testing resulted in a significance value below 0.05, indicating a statistically significant difference after the implementation of the treatment. Furthermore, the N-Gain score of 0.5764 falls within the moderate category, showing a reasonable level of improvement. Overall, the results indicate that the Problem-Based Learning model has a significant effect on improving students’ critical thinking skills and can be effectively applied in elementary-level IPAS learning.
MANAGING SCHOOL LITERACY PROGRAMS IN PUBLIC SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN AMBON
This study describes and analyzes the management of school literacy programs at SMA Negeri 9 Ambon and SMA Negeri 5 Ambon. The research used a qualitative multi-site design because it examined naturally occurring school practices in two senior high schools. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving principals, teachers, library staff, and students. The analysis followed the interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while credibility was strengthened through source, technique, and time triangulation. The findings show that the two schools have implemented literacy activities, especially reading before lessons, but the level of management varies. At SMA Negeri 5 Ambon, planning reached 75%, organizing 100%, implementation 100%, and evaluation 100%. The school also conducts an annual Language Month program to develop students' literacy interests. At SMA Negeri 9 Ambon, planning reached 50%, organizing 66.6%, implementation 100%, and evaluation 66.6%. Both schools have not yet established a formal School Literacy Team, and several activities remain dependent on subject teachers. Supporting factors include principal support, teacher involvement, library availability, and coordination between teachers and library staff. Inhibiting factors include limited varied reading materials, low student reading motivation, teacher punctuality issues, and the absence of formal evaluation instruments. The study concludes that literacy programs require stronger formal planning, structured teams, diversified reading resources, and systematic evaluation to become sustainable school culture.
THE ROLE OF THE PROTOCOL OFFICER OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE BUREAU OF THE REGIONAL SECRETARIAT OF NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE IN THE SUCCESS OF THE NORTH SUMATRA GOVERNOR'S WORKING VISIT TO THE NATURAL DISASTER AREA IN PADANG TUALANG VILLAGE, PADANG TUALANG DISTRICT, LANGKAT REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the role of protocol officers of the North Sumatra Provincial Regional Secretariat Administration Bureau in the success of the North Sumatra Governor's working visit to natural disaster areas in Padang Tualang Village, Padang Tualang District, Lalat Regency, as well as identify supporting and inhibiting factors for its implementation. The research uses a qualitative approach with a single case study design. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively to understand the dynamics of planning, coordination, and agenda adjustment in emergency situations. The results show that the role of protocols is not only administrative, but also strategic and adaptive, including planning functions, cross-agency coordination, communication mediation, and field observation which leads to the addition of visit locations. This success was supported by effective communication, flexibility, and leadership support, although constrained by limited resources and coordination.
VALIDITY OF WEEBLY-BASED NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHING MATERIALS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged the creation of more interactive and accessible learning materials in elementary education, particularly for Integrated Natural and Social Sciences. However, many classroom materials remain conventional and less responsive to students’ learning characteristics. This study aimed to determine the validity of Weebly-based Natural and Social Sciences teaching materials for fourth-grade elementary school students. The research used a descriptive quantitative design with expert validation involving one media expert and one material expert. The instruments consisted of validation sheets covering content accuracy, material depth, contextual relevance, language clarity, conceptual presentation, visual design, navigation, accessibility, and interactivity. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Aiken’s V to measure expert agreement. The results showed that the media expert validation obtained a total score of 138 with an average of 4.60, while the material expert validation obtained a total score of 134 with an average of 4.47. The Aiken’s V values were 0.90 for media and 0.87 for material, both indicating very high validity. These findings show that the developed Weebly-based teaching materials are highly feasible and appropriate for use as digital learning resources in elementary school. The study implies that Weebly can support the development of structured, interactive, and pedagogically relevant teaching materials that align with student needs and curriculum demands.
MANAGING CHILD-FRIENDLY SCHOOL PROGRAMS THROUGH INNOVATIVE PRINCIPALS LEADERSHIP: EVIDENCE FROM SD NEGERI BEJI 1
This study aims to analyze the innovative leadership strategies of school principals in managing the Child-Friendly School (CFS) program at SD Negeri Beji 1. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. The research subjects included the principal, teachers, educational staff, students, parents, school committee members, and supervisors, who were selected purposively. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through source, technique, and time triangulation, as well as member checking. The findings reveal that the principal’s innovative leadership strategies were implemented through the integration of management functions, including participatory and needs-based planning, collaborative organizing, program implementation oriented toward child-friendly principles, and continuous supervision. Innovative leadership was found to be a key factor in creating a safe, comfortable, and supportive learning environment that fosters students’ holistic development. This study contributes to the development of an innovative leadership model based on school management within the context of Child-Friendly Schools.
EVALUATION OF THE SCOUT EXTRACURRICULAR PROGRAM TO IMPROVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' NATIONAL INSIGHT
Education has a very important role in shaping the values ​​of national insight, especially through scouting extracurricular activities. This study focuses on evaluating in depth the scouting extracurricular program to improve the national insight of elementary school students. This study is a qualitative descriptive study. This study was conducted at Glodogan 1 Public Elementary School. The subjects of this study included the principal, scout trainers, and 60 extracurricular activity participants. Questionnaires and observations were the data collection techniques used in this study. The research implementation time was October-December 2025. Data analysis techniques started from data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the study showed that: (1) the values ​​of national insight in scouting activities were still running at 84% in the first aspect, namely national understanding demonstrated through student activities in conducting PBB, scout code of honor, singing national and regional compulsory songs; (2) second, in the aspect of national sense, 92% was realized by students in choir activities, scout training roll calls, implementing discipline and telling the truth; and (3) the third aspect of national spirit, 90% was realized by students through environmental cleaning activities, sharing, and helping those in need. Thus, it can be concluded that the Scouting extracurricular program is effective in enhancing students' national awareness. This study recommends that scouting extracurricular activities be implemented more intensively to have a positive impact, particularly in shaping and enhancing students' national awareness.
APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING DISCIPLINE AND SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL SKILLS IN STUDENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This systematic literature review examines evidence-based approaches and strategies for enhancing discipline and social-emotional skills in students across various educational settings. The review synthesizes 28 empirical studies published between 2021 and 2025, encompassing meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and mixed-methods investigations. Key findings reveal that universal social-emotional learning (SEL) programs demonstrate significant positive effects on student competencies, behavioral outcomes, school climate, and academic achievement. Mentalization-based interventions, emotion regulation training, and whole-school approaches show promise in reducing disruptive behavior and fostering prosocial development. Evidence-based classroom management programs and structured SEL curricula emerge as effective strategies for integrating discipline support with competency development. Implementation quality, teacher self-efficacy, family involvement, and autonomy-supportive teaching practices are identified as critical moderating factors. The review highlights persistent challenges including the need for culturally responsive adaptations, longitudinal outcome measurement, and differential effectiveness for students with special educational needs. Recommendations emphasize the importance of tiered support systems combining universal prevention with targeted interventions, professional development focused on implementation fidelity, and systematic monitoring of discipline indicators alongside social-emotional competencies. This review provides educators, policymakers, and researchers with comprehensive guidance for selecting, implementing, and evaluating integrated approaches to discipline and social-emotional learning.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST JUVENILE MOTORCYCLE THEFT OFFENSES: A STUDY AT THE NORTH SUMATRA REGIONAL POLICE
This thesis examines law enforcement against juvenile motorcycle theft, focusing on the North Sumatra Regional Police. It addresses three key issues: (1) the statutory framework governing theft; (2) the enforcement strategies applied to juvenile offenders; and (3) the institutional obstacles encountered in practice. Employing normative legal research with a descriptive-analytical design, the study relies on primary and secondary legal materials through a doctrinal approach. The findings indicate that theft is regulated under Article 362 of the Indonesian Criminal Code and Articles 476–477 of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code. The North Sumatra Regional Police implement both penal measures, through formal criminal proceedings, and non-penal approaches emphasizing prevention and diversion in handling juvenile offenders. Enforcement challenges stem from the absence of comprehensive implementing regulations and budgetary constraints imposed at the central level, which limit operational facilities and institutional capacity. The study underscores the need for regulatory clarity, adequate institutional support, and strengthened preventive mechanisms within the juvenile justice framework.
A PROJECT-BASED DIGITAL INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL FRAMEWORK: A LITERATURE REVIEW TO ENHANCE STUDENT CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS
The skills of current vocational high school graduates are currently out of alignment with the needs of the job market. Creative thinking skills are projected to be widely used by 2030, and their application relies on Project-Based Learning (PjBL). However, implementation is still hindered by inadequate assessment methods and instructional materials. The objective of this study is to review PjBL in relation to improving creative thinking skills while developing a framework for PjBL-based digital instructional materials that teachers can implement in their instruction. This study was conducted as a literature review in the form of a narrative review. The findings indicate that when using PjBL-based digital instructional materials, it is essential to understand the design stages and syntax that must be followed to ensure learning objectives are achieved.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF KRATOM PLANT USE IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN UNDER LAW NUMBER 35 OF 2009 ON NARCOTICS
Kratom is an endemic plant originating from Southeast Asia that grows wild in Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. In Indonesia, this plant is predominantly found in Kalimantan. An examination of the legal underpinnings for the prohibition of kratom constitutes the primary objective of this study, alongside a determination of whether kratom warrants classification as a Schedule I narcotic. The research adopts a normative juridical methodology, operationalized through a statutory approach and substantiated by peer-reviewed scientific journals and authoritative instruments promulgated by competent institutions. The results indicate that, to date, there is no specific regulation governing kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) under Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics; therefore, kratom has not been classified as a narcotic subject to criminal sanctions. The existing legal basis related to kratom remains limited to the Circular Letter of the Head of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) issued in 2016, which prohibits the use of kratom in traditional medicines and health supplements. The conclusion of this study is that the use of kratom in Central Kalimantan cannot yet be subjected to criminal provisions under Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics, due to the absence of explicit regulation concerning kratom in the law and the fact that the existing legal framework is still limited to administrative policies issued by BPOM.
This study aims to describe the arrival process of Javanese farmers in Kotaraya Village through the Indonesian government's transmigration program and to examine the development of agriculture and agricultural tools in the village. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, the findings reveal that the arrival of Javanese farmers since 1973 significantly transformed the physical, economic, and social landscape of Kotaraya Village. Previously uncultivated bushland was collectively converted into productive rice fields and structured settlements. Javanese farmers introduced irrigation systems, adaptive cropping patterns, and semi-modern agricultural technologies, facilitating a transition from traditional to more efficient farming methods. The development of agricultural machinery, particularly the shift from animal-drawn plows to tractors and post-harvest machines, has demonstrably enhanced productivity and community welfare. Furthermore, the presence of Javanese transmigrants fostered harmonious cultural acculturation with indigenous communities, wherein Javanese cultural identity remains preserved. This research concludes that the transmigration program served as a catalyst for agricultural transformation and sustainable social integration in Kotaraya Village..
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE-BASED QUANTUM LEARNING MODEL ON SOCIAL SKILLS AND SOCIAL STUDIES LEARNING OUTCOMES (A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT SMP NEGERI 23, 32, AND 41 BANDUNG CITY)
This research is motivated by findings that the achievement of IPS learning outcomes and student social skills at SMP Negeri 23, 32, and 41 Bandung City still tend to be in the medium to low category. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Multiple Intelligence-based Quantum Learning model in increasing social skills and IPS learning outcomes. This study uses a quantitative method with a Quasi-Experimental approach and Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The research subjects were grade VIII students totaling 192 individuals, involving experimental and control groups at SMP Negeri 23, 32, and 41 Bandung City. Data collection was carried out through pre-tests, post-tests, and questionnaires using a Likert scale. Hypothesis testing showed that the mean IPS learning outcome for the control class was 78.54 and for the experimental class was 78.54. The Independent Sample t-test showed a significance value of 1.000, which is greater than 0.05, indicating no significant difference in IPS learning outcomes between the two groups. Consequently, the Multiple Intelligence-based Quantum Learning model has not shown significant effectiveness in improving IPS learning outcomes compared to conventional learning. However, practically, this model provides a large influence on the quality of the learning process through more active student involvement, increased social interaction, and the development of intelligence potentials. It is concluded that while statistical effectiveness was not found for learning outcomes, the model creates a more active, interactive, and pleasant learning atmosphere and encourages student involvement in the development of social skills.
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR OUTSOURCING WORKERS AT PT RESKA MULTI USAHA
This study critically examines the legal protection of outsourced workers at PT Reska Multi Usaha (RMU), a subsidiary of a state-owned enterprise (BUMN) that relies on an outsourcing model to support its operations in the transportation sector. The outsourcing model, often used for business efficiency, inherently creates vulnerabilities for workers due to indirect employment relationships, uncertain contract status, and potential rights gaps. This study aims to answer three main research questions: (1) how is the legal protection for outsourced workers at PT Reska Multi Usaha described? (2) how is the balance between the rights and obligations of outsourced workers at PT Reska Multi Usaha?; and (3) how is the implementation of legal protection for outsourced workers at PT Reska Multi Usaha? This study uses an empirical juridical research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The data collection instruments are observation, documentation studies, and interviews, while the data analysis is descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that while normatively, it complies with labor laws and regulations, particularly Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021, substantively, legal protection is not yet fully optimal. This is evident in the persistence of uncertainty in employment relationships due to repeated contract extensions and the disparity in treatment between outsourced and permanent workers.
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT OF THE NORTH SUMATRA NEWS PROGRAM TODAY ON TVRI NORTH SUMATRA
This study examines how TVRI North Sumatra manages the daily television news program “Sumatera Utara Hari Ini” amid digital-era demands for fast yet accurate local reporting. It focuses on how the station organizes pre-production, production, and post-production, and how internal communication and gatekeeping shape editorial and technical coordination. Using a qualitative descriptive case study, data were gathered during a one-month field placement through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with key production roles (including CG and MCR), and documentation review, then analyzed thematically. Findings show a workflow supported by regional coordinators who often act as reporter–camera operators, flexible rundown filling (about 22 items), and intensive script editing to align text–visuals and manage timing (packages typically 1–2.5 minutes). Post-production centers on clean-feed recording, quality checks, archiving, and digital republishing. Overall, consistent cross-role communication functions as the main control mechanism to prevent mismatches and keep broadcasts ready to air.
TAJWEED-BASED ISLAMIC EDUCATION AND THE AUTHENTICITY OF QURANIC MEMORIZATION AT MTS TAHFIZH CENDIKIA PEKANBARU
This study aims to explore the phenomenon of tajwid internalization in forming students' linguistic awareness and to examine how that awareness functions in preserving the authenticity and long-term durability of Qur'anic memorization at MTs Tahfizh Cendikia Pekanbaru. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with ten tahfizh santri, and documentation of memorization evaluation records, analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, with validity ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that tajwid internalization unfolds through three phenomenologically distinct stages, sound recognition, structural comprehension, and full internalization, each progressively constructing a linguistic awareness that functions simultaneously as a phonetic self-monitoring system, a multi-layered mnemonic structure, and a spiritually grounded motivational force. Students who reached full internalization demonstrated autonomous self-correction capacity, sustained memorization retention, and an internalized sense of spiritual responsibility toward recitation authenticity, independent of external evaluation. This study introduces a new theoretical understanding that tajwid is not merely a set of phonetic rules, but a system capable of constructing cognitive and spiritual architecture within the learner.
ANALYSIS OF GRADE III STUDENTS' READING INTERESTS TOWARDS LEGENDARY STORIES IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Tujuan penelitian literatur ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan minat baca siswa kelas tiga SD dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan berkurangnya minat membaca legenda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literatur dengan tujuan menyusun analisis deskriptif minat baca siswa kelas tiga dalam legenda dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan teknik menggunakan analisis pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa minat membaca siswa cenderung meminimalkan keterlibatan aktif siswa dalam kegiatan membaca secara sukarela, durasi sesi pemahaman yang singkat yang berhenti pada pemahaman cerita sehingga tidak ada penilaian mendalam tentang penanaman nilai-nilai budaya dan moral. Hal ini tentu dapat menyebabkan munculnya faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi minat baca siswa, di antaranya adalah faktor internal yang muncul dari siswa sendiri berupa kurangnya motivasi, lemahnya keterampilan membaca, dan terbatasnya konsentrasi. Selain itu, faktor eksternal berupa lingkungan belajar yang monoton, paparan berlebihan terhadap gawai yang dapat mempengaruhi minat baca siswa.
INTERNALIZATION OF HUMAN VALUES IN THE LEARNING PROCESS PANCASILA EDUCATION AT SMP NEGERI 3 PANGKAJENE
This study aims to analyze the internalization of humanitarian values in the Pancasila Education learning process at SMP Negeri 3 Pangkajene, focusing on learning activities, supporting and inhibiting factors, and the dynamics of pedagogical interaction between teachers and students. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis was conducted interactively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to reveal the contextual process of value internalization. The findings indicate that the internalization of humanitarian values has been implemented through discussions, reflections, and the use of technology-based learning. However, the process has not been fully optimal as it is still predominantly oriented toward cognitive aspects. Low student participation in critical discussions, limited contextual learning strategies, and weak integration of values into instructional content are identified as the main inhibiting factors. On the other hand, teacher role modeling, dialogical approaches, and the use of active learning methods serve as key supporting factors in strengthening the internalization process. This study highlights that the effectiveness of humanitarian value internalization is strongly influenced by the quality of pedagogical interaction and the teacher’s ability to contextualize values into students’ real-life experiences. Therefore, Pancasila Education learning needs to be reoriented from mere knowledge transmission toward transformative learning that is based on experience and value reflection
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONCEPT AND PEER INTERACTION WITH FoMO LEVELS IN ADOLESCENTS
FoMO or Fear of Missing Out is the feeling of wanting to always be connected and not left behind with other people's activities. The FoMO phenomenon is a widespread phenomenon in society, especially among teenagers. This can be influenced by various factors, such as: self-concept and peer interaction. This study aims to explain the relationship between self-concept and peer interaction with FoMO levels in adolescents. This study uses a survey method. Data were analyzed using the Tau Kendall correlation test to measure the relationship between variables. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between self-concept and FoMO in adolescents with a correlation value of 0.14, and a p value of 0.003 showing that the two variables were significantly related. The analysis of the results of the study showed that there was a positive relationship between peer interaction and FoMO in adolescents of 0.29 with a p value of 0.000, showing that there was a significant relationship between the two variables. The results of this study show that self-concept and peer interaction are not fully related to the level of FoMO. A less positive self-concept becomes an evaluation for oneself rather than comparing it to others. Adolescents with a positive self-concept tend to experience FoMO, compared to adolescents who have a negative self-concept. Enough peer attachment cannot cause anxiety in adolescents. FoMO in adolescents focuses more on academic matters such as grades and achievements than entertainment or lifestyle.
THE ROLE OF DARUL FALAH ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN AEK SONGSONGAN
This study examines the role of Pesantren Darul Falah in transforming Islamic education in Aek Songsongan. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method to understand the changes in Islamic education within the local community after the establishment of the pesantren. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation involving pesantren leaders, teachers, students, and community members. The results show that before the establishment of Pesantren Darul Falah, Islamic education in Aek Songsongan was still informal and not institutionally organized, mainly conducted through traditional Quranic learning and small religious gatherings. The presence of the pesantren brought significant changes by introducing a more structured and systematic educational system, improving religious understanding, and strengthening the moral and spiritual development of the community. In addition, the pesantren also contributed to increasing community participation in religious activities and improving achievements in religious competitions. Although the pesantren initially faced challenges related to public perceptions of the boarding school system, over time it gained trust and support from the community. Therefore, Pesantren Darul Falah plays an important role not only as an Islamic educational institution but also as an agent of educational and socio-religious transformation in Aek Songsongan.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT IN MINOR THEFT CASES IN MALINAU DISTRICT
This study aims to analyze the implementation of restorative justice by law enforcement officers in handling minor theft cases in the jurisdiction of Malinau District Police. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation involving police officers and community members. The results show that the application of restorative justice has been carried out through mediation between perpetrators and victims, focusing on recovery rather than punishment. However, its implementation still faces several obstacles, including limited understanding among law enforcement officers, lack of clear technical guidelines, and community perceptions that still emphasize retributive justice. The study concludes that restorative justice can be an effective alternative in resolving minor criminal cases, particularly theft, as it promotes social harmony and reduces prison overcrowding. Strengthening regulations, increasing capacity of law enforcement, and public education are needed to optimize its implementation.
STRENGTHENING LEADERSHIP CHARACTER THROUGH THE “CAPTAIN FOR A DAY” PROGRAM FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Low student participation and the dominance of teacher-centered learning constitute the main background of this study, as they contribute to the underdevelopment of leadership among elementary school students. This condition indicates the need for experience-based learning strategies that provide opportunities for students to actively participate in classroom activities. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the “Kapten Sehari” (Captain for a Day) Program in fostering leadership among elementary school students in the Gajah Mada Cluster, Cipari District, Cilacap Regency, to analyze the teacher’s role in guiding and facilitating the program implementation, and to examine its impact on the development of students’ leadership. This research employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The data consist of primary and secondary sources, including the school principal, fifth-grade teachers, and fifth-grade students involved in the program. Data collection techniques include observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data validity is ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. Data analysis follows the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which includes data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, and is further strengthened by thematic analysis. The findings reveal that the “Kapten Sehari” Program is implemented through a daily rotation system that provides all students with the opportunity to act as class leaders. The captain’s activities include leading prayers, organizing lines, taking attendance, and reminding classmates of their responsibilities. The implementation of the program provides direct learning experiences that enhance students’ courage, self-confidence, responsibility, independence, and social skills. The teacher’s role as a facilitator, mentor, and evaluator, along with the principal’s policy support, are key factors in the success of the program and in strengthening a character-based school culture
Failure To Realize Constitutional Goals In Cyberspace: A Constitutional Law Review Of The National Data Center (PDN) Data Breach Incident
The digital transformation of government services through the National Data Center (PDN) aims to realize effective and responsive public administration. However, a massive ransomware attack on the PDN in mid-2024 revealed a fatal vulnerability in Indonesia's cybersecurity governance architecture, paralyzing essential services and harming millions of citizens. This study analyzes the state's negligence in managing the PDN from a Constitutional Law perspective, evaluating it through the fulfillment of the functions, objectives, and supremacy of the constitution. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the data breach at the PDN is not merely a technical IT failure, but a representation of a fundamental constitutional failure. First, the state failed to realize the constitutional objective of protecting the Indonesian nation as mandated by the Fourth Paragraph of the 1945 Constitution, and failed to guarantee the basic right to personal data protection enshrined in Article 28G Paragraph (1). Second, overlapping authority and blame-shifting between the Ministry of Communication and Informatics and the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN) demonstrate the failure of the constitution's function in limiting power and demanding institutional accountability. Third, the government's delay in establishing an independent Personal Data Protection Supervisory Authority, as mandated by Law No. 27 of 2022, constitutes an anomaly of constitutional supremacy, where the rule of law is defeated by bureaucratic sluggishness. This study recommends the immediate establishment of an independent supervisory agency, optimization of legislative oversight, and strict legal accountability for state institutions.
THE EFFECT OF AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) MEDIA ON THE ABILITY OF HOTS IPAS IN CLASS V STUDENTS OF SDN GERIH 1
The low ability of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) students in science subjects, especially natural disasters that affect environmental change, shows the need for innovation in more interactive learning media. The use of conventional methods causes students to be less optimal in understanding concepts and solving hots-based problems. Augmented Reality (AR) learning Media is seen to be able to visualize concepts concretely and interactively so that it has the potential to improve students ' high-level thinking skills. This study aims to determine the effect of Augmented Reality (AR) learning media on the ability of HOTS students in Grade V of SDN Gerih 1. The research uses quantitative approach with quasi experiment method and non-equivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of 35 fifth grade students consisting of experimental class at Sdn Gerih 1 and control class at SDN Keraskulon 1. Data were collected through pretest and posttest hots test, then analyzed using normality test, homogeneity, Paired Sample T-Test, and SPSS-assisted Independent Sample T-Test. The results showed that learning media Augmented Reality (AR) significantly affect the ability of HOTS students. The average value of the experimental class increased from 63.75 to 77.25, while the control class from 48.67 to 46.00. The test results showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, so that Augmented Reality (AR) learning media is effective in improving the ability of HOTS students in science subjects
SCHOOL PRINCIPALS’ DIGITAL LEADERSHIP IN ADVANCING TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM AND LEARNING INNOVATION: A QUALITATIVE LITERATURE-BASED ANALYSIS
The transformation of education in the digital era encourages schools to integrate technology comprehensively into learning practices and institutional management. In this context, the digital leadership of school principals plays a crucial role in directing change, developing teacher professionalism, and creating a sustainable culture of learning innovation. This study aims to analyze the role of principals’ digital leadership in enhancing teacher professionalism and promoting learning innovation in the era of educational transformation. The research method used is a qualitative literature study by analyzing various scientific articles, research reports, and relevant academic documents. The analysis was conducted using thematic content analysis techniques to identify patterns of digital leadership roles and their impact on teachers’ professional practices as well as learning innovation. The results show that principals’ digital leadership contributes through three main aspects: the development of teachers’ digital competencies through training and coaching, the implementation of technology-based academic supervision, and the creation of a collaborative and innovative school culture. In addition, principals are proven to strengthen technology integration in the learning process through a clear digital vision, professional collaboration, and the use of data as a basis for decision-making. However, challenges such as teacher resistance, limited infrastructure, and digital literacy gaps remain major obstacles to optimizing innovation. This study reaffirms the importance of principals’ digital leadership capacity to ensure that educational transformation proceeds effectively and sustainably
THE INFLUENCE OF RINCIPALS’ INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF MRANGGEN DISTRICT, DEMAK REGENCY
The quality of education in elementary schools is strongly influenced by teachers’ performance, which in turn is shaped by school leadership practices. This study aims to examine the influence of principals’ instructional leadership on teacher performance in public elementary schools in Dabin III, Mranggen District, Demak Regency. A quantitative approach with a causal associative design was employed. The population consisted of 139 teachers, with 103 teachers selected as respondents using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The results show that principals’ instructional leadership has a positive and statistically significant effect on teacher performance. The regression analysis indicates that instructional leadership explains approximately 29% of the variance in teacher performance, suggesting a moderate influence. These findings imply that principals who effectively supervise instruction, provide academic guidance, and support professional development can enhance teachers’ ability to perform their duties. Strengthening instructional leadership is therefore essential for improving teaching quality and school effectiveness.
ANYNYALA: DEVIATIONS IN THE GENERAL PATTERN OF THE MARRIEGE SYSTEM IN THE SOCIETY OF GOWA REGENCY
This study aims to (1) identify the factors underlying the occurrence of anynyala in the marriage system, (2) understand the negotiation process undertaken by families in resolving anynyala issues, and (3) explore the social and psychological impacts experienced by the individuals and families involved. Using a qualitative approach, this study seeks to provide insight into the social and cultural dynamics underlying this practice. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The technique for checking the validity of the data used member checks, the data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The research findings indicate that the anynyala phenomenon in Sengka Village is triggered by several factors, including social and economic pressures and the inability to meet high dowry demands. Furthermore, the negotiation process between the two families is often fraught with tension, but it can potentially resolve the conflict in a mutually beneficial manner. The study also found that individuals and families involved in anynyala experience social stigma and prolonged psychological burdens, which can impact their social relationships within the community.
LEVERAGING THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AS A LEARNING MEDIUM TO CULTIVATE STUDENTS SOCIAL AWARNESS
The objective of this study is to describe social studies learning strategies based on Project-Based Learning utilizing the school’s surrounding environment to foster students social awareness. This study employed a qualitative case study design at SMPN 1 Wajak, involving the vice principal for curriculum, social studies teachers, the eight grade students from Class VIII G as informants. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model. The results indicate that the utilization of physical and social environments such as rice fields, markets, and tourist attractions effectively support contextual learning through the preparation, implementation, and follow-up activities. These activities encourage active student engagement and foster a socially responsible character, demonstrated through empathy, cooperation, and concern for the surrounding environment. However, the implementation of this learning still faces challenges, including time constraints, varying levels of student participation, and limited supporting resources. Therefore, social studies instruction based on Project-Based Learning utilizing the surrounding environment of the school can serve as an effective strategy for fostering students’ socially responsible character.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR INTEGRATING GREEN SKILLS INTO THE VOCATIONAL FASHION DESIGN CURRICULUM TO SUPPORT EMPLOYABILITY IN THE SUSTAINABLE FASHION INDUSTRY
The transition toward a green economy has significantly transformed various industrial sectors, including the fashion industry, which is recognized as one of the largest contributors to environmental degradation. This condition requires a workforce equipped with green skills to support sustainable industry practices. Vocational education plays a strategic role in preparing graduates for these demands; however, the integration of green skills into vocational curricula remains limited. This study aims to develop a conceptual model for integrating green skills into the vocational fashion curriculum to enhance work readiness in the sustainable fashion industry. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method. The findings reveal that the proposed model consists of four main components: sustainability-based curriculum content, project-based learning strategies, industry collaboration, and competency-based assessment. The model is expected to improve curriculum relevance and strengthen graduates’ work readiness.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MORAL LOVING-BASED CO-CURRICULAR MODULE TO FOSTER CHARACTER AMONG STUDENTS AT PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTH BULANGO DISTRICT, BONE BOLANGO REGENCY
This study aims to develop a moral loving-based co-curricular module to strengthen character education for elementary school students. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) employing the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study was conducted at two elementary schools in Bulango Selatan Subdistrict, Gorontalo, with fifth-grade students as the subjects. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative data from observations and interviews with quantitative data from validation results, practicality tests, and effectiveness tests using a pretest-posttest design. The results of the study indicate that students’ initial character traits were still low, particularly in the aspects of empathy and self-control. The developed module underwent a validation process by experts in curriculum, content, language, and end-users, receiving ratings of “highly suitable” and “practical.” The implementation of the module demonstrated a significant improvement in student character, both quantitatively and qualitatively, marked by increased self-confidence, empathy, honesty, and the ability to control emotions. This study concludes that character education will be more effective if designed as a systematic, experience-based process that integrates action and reflection. Moral loving-based co-curricular modules can serve as an implementational tool that bridges the gap between character education policies and learning practices in schools, and have the potential to support the continuous strengthening of student character through co-curricular activities
EXPLORATION OF CHILDREN’S LEARNING EXPERIENCES AGED 5-6 YEARS THROUGH THE STEAM APPROACH PROJECT OF MAKING CRISPY SHRIMP
Early childhood is a golden age where children’s potential develops rapidly through appropriate stimulation. One crucial life skills rarely explored academically is cooking. This research aims to explore the implementation of the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) approach to improving basic everyday skills through a crispy shrimp making project. This research used a qualitative design with a case study approach. Subjects included children aged 5-6 years at ABA 54 Kindergarten in Semarang. Data were collected through participant observation,in depth interviews,and activity documentation. The research results show that the crispy shrimp project successfully integrated all five aspects of STEAM. Science emerges through ingredient identification, technology through the use of cooking utensils, engineering through the sequence of cooking steps,art through the aesthetics of presentation,and mathematics through measuring ingredients. Overall,this activity proved effective as a holistic learning medium that stimulates children’s curiosity,problem solving skills,and creativity. These findings confirm that the practical,project based STEAM approach not only develops cognitive and motor skills but also shapes children’s character and independence,preparing them for future generations.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CAREER READINESS ASSESSMENT TOOL BASED ON INTERESTS, POTENTIAL, AND SOFT SKILLS FOR VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study aims to develop a career readiness instrument for vocational high school students in the Software Engineering and Computer and Network Engineering programs. The instrument was developed by adapting three main constructs related to career readiness: career interests, individual potential, and soft skills. This study employs an instrument development approach that includes the stages of literature review, formulation of indicators and item statements, expert validation, as well as testing the validity and reliability of the instrument. Interest indicators were adapted from the RIASEC theory proposed by Holland, potential indicators were adapted from Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences concept, while soft skills indicators were adapted from work competency concepts relevant to industry needs. The developed instrument was validated by three experts, consisting of one guidance and counseling expert and two industry practitioners serving as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Human Resources (HR) professionals. After undergoing a revision process, the instrument was pilot-tested on 30 vocational high school students in the Software Engineering and Computer and Network Engineering programs. The validity test results showed that most items met the validity criteria, while several items were eliminated because they had correlation values below the specified threshold. The reliability test results showed a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.946 for the interest instrument, 0.929 for the potential instrument, and 0.982 for the soft skills instrument, indicating a very high level of internal consistency. The results of this study indicate that the developed instruments are valid and reliable for measuring the career readiness of vocational high school students and can be used as tools in career guidance services in the field of information technology.
DIGITALIZATION IMPLEMENTATION IN LEARNING AND SCHOOL MANAGEMENT: A QUALITATIVE STUDY AT SMA ISLAM HIDAYATULLAH SEMARANG
This study aims to analyze the implementation of digitalization in learning and school management at SMA Islam Hidayatullah Semarang. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach to explore in depth the processes, challenges, and impacts of digitalization within the school context. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving the principal, teachers, IT staff, and students as key informants. The findings indicate that digitalization has been systematically implemented through the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS), digital learning media, and technology-based assessment, which enhance learning flexibility, accessibility, and student engagement. In terms of school management, digitalization has improved administrative efficiency, data integration, and communication transparency. However, several challenges were identified, including limited digital competence among some teachers, variations in students’ digital literacy, and infrastructural constraints such as unstable internet access. Despite these challenges, the overall response of school stakeholders was positive, reflecting a strong institutional commitment to digital transformation. This study concludes that effective digitalization requires not only technological readiness but also continuous capacity building, institutional support, and adaptive organizational culture to optimize its impact on educational quality.
IMPROVING LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR SIMPLE GEOMETRIC NETS USING A PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (PJBL) MODEL INTEGRATED WITHDEEP LEARNING IN FIFTH-GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL
This research is motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at an elementary school in Padang, especially on the topic of geometric nets. Preliminary data shows that only 15% of students achieve the minimum completion criteria. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes by implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model integrated with the principles of Deep Learning (Mindful, Meaningful, and Joyful Learning). The methodology used is the Classroom Action Research (CAR) model of Kemmis and McTaggart which consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 20 fifth-grade students. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and tests, which were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative techniques (mixed-methods). The results of the study showed a significant increase in the quality of learning and student achievement. Teacher activity scores increased from 86.11% in Cycle I to 94.44% in Cycle II, while student activity increased from 83.33% to 91.67%. Furthermore, the average student learning outcomes increased from 69.5 in Cycle I to 81.13 in Cycle II, with a completion percentage reaching 80%. It can be concluded that the Deep Learning integrated PjBL model effectively improves learning outcomes for elementary school students on spatial nets by transforming abstract concepts into concrete projects.
REVITALIZATION OF THE KALI GARANG WATERSHED: FROM FLASH FLOODS TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE JATIBARANG DAM, 1990–2015
Towards the end of the 20th century, historical records indicate that Semarang was struck by several massive flood disasters, including those in 1973, 1988, and the most severe in 1990. These recurring flood disasters subsequently raised questions regarding how the government and the community responded to the floods that routinely struck Semarang. This paper is an environmental history study aimed at tracing the mitigation measures implemented following the 1990 flash flood in Semarang City. This research employs the historical method by exploring primary sources in the form of contemporaneous newspapers and documents, as well as secondary sources in the form of relevant literature. The revitalization program was implemented as a disaster mitigation measure in the Kali Garang Watershed, which was the location most severely affected by the 1990 flash flood. This program was carried out gradually, starting from small-scale river normalization at the end of 1990 to the construction of the National Strategic Project of the Jatibarang Dam, which officially began operations in 2015. The revitalization efforts of the Kali Garang Watershed area were not an easy task, considering that the broad scope of the watershed became a challenge for all related elements, ranging from stakeholders to the community dealing directly with the ferocity of the Kali Garang. Integrated watershed management serves as a crucial key to breaking the cycle of flood disasters in Semarang City, particularly in the Kali Garang Watershed.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CRIMES (A STUDY IN THE TOBA POLICE RESORT JURISDICTION)
This research implementation of the Restorative Justice approach in handling domestic violence (KDRT) cases in the Polres Toba jurisdiction. Restorative Justice is a conflict resolution method that emphasizes the restoration of relationships between victims, perpetrators, families, and the community, as an alternative to the formal court process, which tends to be repressive. The research method used is field research with a descriptive case study approach, involving observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The research informants include police officers, particularly from the Women and Children Service Unit (PPA), related legal institutions, victims, and perpetrators. The results show that Restorative Justice in Polres Toba has been successfully implemented by leveraging local wisdom values such as deliberation (musyawarah), the role of traditional leaders, and mutual cooperation (gotong royong), which support a dialogical and participatory mediation and conflict resolution process. This process involves mediation stages facilitated by officers, active involvement of families, and internal regulatory support that provides the legal basis for the implementation of restorative justice. However, the application of Restorative Justice still faces challenges such as limited resources, lack of public understanding, and conflicts between customary values and victim protection. The study concludes that Restorative Justice is an effective alternative for resolving domestic violence cases in Polres Toba by providing fair and humane solutions. This research recommends increasing socialization efforts, training for officers, and strengthening inter-agency coordination to optimize the implementation of Restorative Justice in the future.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ONLINE GAMBLING CRIMES AT THE MEDAN POLICE
This thesis research is entitled Law Enforcement Against Online Gambling Crimes. The problem formulation is: (1) What are the legal regulations regarding gambling in Indonesian law? (2) How is the law enforcement against online gambling crimes at the Medan Police Headquarters? (3) What are the inhibiting factors in law enforcement against online gambling crimes at the Medan Police Headquarters? The research method used is normative juridical legal research, with a descriptive analytical research type. The problem approach uses a normative juridical approach. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results of the study show that (1) Gambling laws in Indonesian law consist of Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning ITE, Article 303 of the Criminal Code, Law No. 7 of 1974 concerning the Regulation of Gambling, and Articles 426 and 427 of Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. (2) Law enforcement against online gambling crimes at the Medan Police Headquarters involves conducting crime scene investigations and confiscating evidence used in online gambling. (3) The inhibiting factors in law enforcement against online gambling crimes at the Medan Police Headquarters include internal obstacles from law enforcement institutions and external obstacles in the form of increasingly sophisticated online gambling, including The use of encryption technology and servers located outside national jurisdiction can complicate the identification and enforcement process.
A CORRELATIONAL STUDY BETWEEN PRODUCT INNOVATION, PRICE, PURCHASE INTENTION, AND PURCHASING DECISIONS AT RANTO KAYU FURNITURE IN RANTAUPRAPAT
This study aims to analyze the effect of product innovation and price on purchasing decisions, with purchase intention as an intervening variable among consumers of Ranto Kayu Furniture in Rantauprapat. This research employs a quantitative approach with an associative research design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using path analysis and the Sobel test to examine the mediating effect. The results indicate that product innovation and price have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Furthermore, product innovation, price, and purchase intention also have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Purchase intention is found to have the most dominant influence in driving consumer purchasing decisions. The Sobel test results confirm that purchase intention acts as a significant intervening variable in the relationship between product innovation and price on purchasing decisions. Therefore, improving product innovation and setting appropriate pricing strategies can enhance consumers’ purchase intention, which in turn increases purchasing decisions.
The Effect of Intellectual Capital, Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Corporate Governance, and Capital Structure on Firm Value
This study aims to examine the effect of intellectual capital, corporate social responsibility, good corporate governance, and capital structure on firm value. In this study, intellectual capital is measured using the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC), corporate social responsibility is measured using the CSR index, and good corporate governance is measured through internal control mechanisms using a factor score consisting of four dimensions: the board of commissioners, the audit committee, management, and shareholders. Meanwhile, capital structure is measured using the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and firm value is measured using Tobin’s Q. The population of this study consists of healthcare companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2022 period. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling, resulting in a total of 28 companies. To test and analyze the data, this study employs SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) version 26. The results of this study indicate that intellectual capital and capital structure have a positive effect on firm value. Meanwhile, corporate social responsibility and good corporate governance variables are found to have no significant effect on firm value.
DEVELOPMENT OF AUGMENTED REALITY FLASHCARD MEDIA TO IMPROVE LITERACY AND SHORT STORY WRITING ABILITY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study aims to develop Augmented Reality Flashcard media that meets the level of feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in improving reading literacy skills and short story writing skills in elementary school students. The method used is research and development (R&D) with a 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The research subjects are grade II students of UMP elementary school. Quantitative research involves an experimental group and a control group. Data collection techniques consist of tests, questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis applied statistical normality, homogeneity, and independent sample test. The validation results showed that the media produced was considered feasible and practical to be applied in the learning process. The effectiveness test through the t-test obtained a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05) on literacy ability to read and write short stories, indicating a significant difference between the two groups. The results of the evaluation showed that the average score of students in the experimental class was higher than in the control class. The use of Augmented Reality Flashcards is effective in improving students' literacy skills and short story writing skills. Therefore, Augmented Reality Flashcards can be used as an alternative innovative learning media that supports the improvement of literacy skills at the elementary school level.
THE LEADERSHIP ROLE OF MADRASAH HEADS IN IMPROVING TEACHER PERFORMANCE THROUGH HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE MADRASAS
This study aims to analyze the leadership role of madrasah heads in improving teacher performance through Islamic value-based human resource management (HRDM) at MTs Al-Ikhlas Kebun Ajamu. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using an interactive model that included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing with validity test through triangulation. The results of the study show that the leadership of madrasah heads is participatory and transformational, which is able to encourage teacher motivation, involvement, and professionalism. The implementation of MSDM is carried out systematically through planning, recruitment, coaching, and performance evaluation by integrating Islamic values such as trust, responsibility, and discipline in the work culture. The synergy between leadership and HRM based on Islamic values has been proven to improve teacher performance, which is shown by improvements in learning planning, more innovative learning implementation, more systematic evaluation, and improved professional development. This research offers an integrative model between leadership, human resources, and Islamic values as a contribution to the development of madrasah education management.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST THE CRIME OF MISUSE OF SUBSIDIZED FUEL (STUDY OF DECISION NO. 158/PID. SUS/2023/PN MDN)
This research is entitled Law Enforcement Against Criminal Acts of Abuse of Subsidized Fuel (Medan Police Department Study). The formulation of the problem is (1) How is the legal regulation of fuel oil according to statutory regulations? (2) What are the factors causing the occurrence of criminal acts of abuse of subsidized fuel oil? (3) How is the law enforcement process carried out by the police in handling criminal acts of abuse of subsidized fuel oil? The research method used is normative juridical legal research, with a descriptive analysis research type. To approach the problem using a normative juridical approach. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results of the study show that (1) Legal regulations of fuel oil according to statutory regulations, namely Law No. 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Natural Gas, Presidential Regulation No. 191 of 2014 concerning the Provision, Distribution, and Retail Selling Prices of Fuel Oil, and Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 20 of 2021 Concerning the Calculation of Retail Selling Prices of Fuel Oil (2) The factors causing the occurrence of criminal acts of misuse of subsidized fuel are human factors, psychological factors, and economic factors. (3) The law enforcement process carried out by the Police in handling criminal acts of misuse of subsidized fuel is to transfer case files to the Public Prosecutor for further development at the Prosecutor's Office level along with evidence and the suspects.
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: DETERMINANTS OF THE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION
Amid the complexity of global social challenges such as social inequality, economic crises, and the demands of sustainable development, Social Entrepreneurial Intention (SEI) has garnered increased attention in the entrepreneurship literature, particularly in recent years. Although the number of studies on SEI continues to rise, the empirical findings remain diverse, vary across theories and methodologies, and have not yet been systematically synthesized. The objective of this article is to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which will comprehensively map and synthesize the development of SEI research. The literature search process utilized the Scopus database in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The search yielded 80 journal articles that met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. This article focuses on annual publication trends, the geographical distribution of research, journal classifications, theoretical foundations, methodological approaches, and the types of populations used in previous SEI studies. The synthesis results indicate that since 2019, SEI research has increased significantly, with countries in Asia—particularly Vietnam, China, and Bangladesh—dominating the SEI research landscape. Theoretically, the most commonly used frameworks to explain the formation of SEI are the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Social Cognitive Career Theory. As conceptual complements, other models, such as the Social Entrepreneurial Intention Model by Mair and Noboa and the Entrepreneurial Event Model, are used more sparingly. Methodologically, quantitative survey-based approaches using SEM and PLS-SEM remain dominant, while qualitative and mixed-method approaches remain relatively scarce. Furthermore, most studies use students as subjects, which limits generalizability. This article contributes by providing a structured mapping of the SEI literature, identifying theoretical, methodological, and contextual gaps, and formulating directions for future research relevant to contemporary social challenges, including digital transformation and demands for social inclusivity.
THE EFFECT OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING ON LEARNING INDEPENDENCE WITH LEARNING MOTIVATION AS A MEDIATOR
Education is a process in which there are rules and procedures that every student must have. Improving the quality of education requires student learning independence in the learning process. Participants in this research were all students of the Dharma Patra Pangkalan Berandan Private High School in Sei Lepan sub- district, Langkat district, totaling 497 students. The quantitative method approach used in this research is an explanatory or explanatory quantitative approach. Based on the research results which show a CR value of 2,647 > 1.96 and a P value of < 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between subjective well-being and learning motivation. In other words, students who have a higher level of subjective well-being tend to have stronger learning motivation. The relationship between subjective well-being and learning motivation is complex and influenced by various factors. However, the results of this study emphasize the importance of paying attention to students' emotional well-being and life satisfaction as an integral part of strategies to increase student motivation and learning outcomes.
THE INFLUENCE OF INFLUENCERS, PEERS AND EASE OF ACCESS TO ONLINE SHOPPING ON GEN Z CONSUMPTIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY , STATE UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR
This study aims to: 1) analyze the influence of influencers on Gen Z consumptive behavior among students of the Faculty of Psychology , State University of Makassar, 2) analyze the influence of peers on Gen Z consumptive behavior among students of the Faculty of Psychology , State University of Makassar, 3) Analyze the influence of easy access to online shopping on Gen Z consumptive behavior among students of the Faculty of Psychology , State University of Makassar, This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a population of 2,064 students, the number of samples was determined using the Non Probabilty Sampling method with the slovin formula and a sample of 87 students was obtained, Data collection techniques were carried out through a questionnaire based on Google Forms and documentation. The validity test used a bivariate Pearson correlation and the reliability test was measured with Alpha Cronbach. Data analysis in the form of descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the help of the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows application The results showed that: The results showed that: 1) Influencers, Peers, and Ease of Access to Online Shopping in Generation Z students of the Faculty of Psychology , State University of Makassar were respectively in the "high" category with an average score of 58.60 (71.46%), 55.08 (76.50%), and 60.45 (76.53%). 2) Consumptive Behavior in Generation Z students of the Faculty of Psychology , State University of Makassar was in the "high" category with an average score of 58.42 and a percentage of 78.95%. 3) there is an influence of Influencers on Consumptive Behavior in Generation Z students of the Faculty of Psychology , State University of Makassar, with a value of sig. 0.000 < 0.05 and a t-value of 3.939 > t table 1.66278. 4) there is an influence of Peer on Consumptive Behavior in Generation Z students of the Faculty of Psychology , State University of Makassar with a value of sig. 0.000 < 0.05 and a t-value of 5.681 > t table 1.66278. 5) there is an effect of Easy Access to Online Shopping on Consumptive Behavior in Generation Z students of the Faculty of Psychology , State University of Makassar, with a value of sig. 0.000 < 0.05 and t-value calculated 4.206 > t table 1.66278. 6) there is a simultaneous influence of Influencers, Peers, and Ease of Access to Online Shopping on Consumptive Behavior in Generation Z students of the Faculty of Psychology , State University of Makassar, which is evidenced by an R Square value of 61.4%. Thus, it can be concluded that Influencers, Peers, and Ease of Access to Online Shopping have an impact on increasing Gen Z Consumptive Behavior among students of the Faculty of Psychology , State University of Makassar.
DEVELOPMENT OF CROSSWORD PUZZLE MEDIA TO IMPROVE INDONESIAN LITERACY SKILLS OF GRADE II STUDENTS
This study aims to develop a crossword puzzle learning medium that is feasible, practical, and effective in improving the Indonesian language literacy skills of second-grade students in the topic of recognizing experiences. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study subjects were 20 second-grade B students at MIN 9 Medan City. Data collection techniques included observation, documentation, questionnaires, expert validation, and pretests and posttests. Data analysis was conducted using a Likert scale, feasibility percentage, and the N-Gain test to measure learning outcomes. The results showed that the developed crossword puzzle media achieved an average validation score of 84.58%, categorized as very valid and very practical. The validation results included the media aspect (93.75%), and the material and language aspects (80% each). The trial results showed an increase in students' literacy skills, indicated by an increase in the average score from 66.21 in the pretest to 86.36 in the posttest. Furthermore, the N-Gain analysis result of 0.59 is within the moderate criteria, indicating a significant improvement. Student and teacher responses to the use of the media also showed very positive results, with increased levels of activity and interest in learning. In conclusion, the crossword puzzle media developed has proven to be feasible, practical, and quite effective in improving the Indonesian language literacy skills of second-grade students and can be used as an alternative, innovative and enjoyable learning medium.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATION OF THE NATIONAL POLICE CHIEF NUMBER 13 OF 2016 CONCERNING INTERNAL SECURITY (PAMINAL) FOR MEDAN POLICE PERSONNEL
This study aims to analyze the implementation of Police Regulation (Perkap) No. 13 of 2016 concerning Internal Security (Paminal) at Polrestabes Medan, focusing on its effectiveness in preventing disciplinary violations and identifying optimization strategies. The research employs a juridical-normative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through documentary analysis of relevant legal regulations and interviews to obtain an empirical overview of field conditions. The findings reveal that although the regulation provides a clear legal structure and comprehensive normative framework, its implementation remains suboptimal. A gap persists between law in the books and law in action, influenced by internal legal culture, misplaced corporate solidarity, and structural limitations. Enforcement is constrained by limited personnel, inadequate specialized competence, restricted independence, and insufficient infrastructure. Efforts to optimize implementation include capacity building, strengthening integrity values, and enhancing transparency. Sustainable improvement, however, requires strong leadership commitment and long-term transformation of internal legal culture.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ONLINE GAMBLING CRIMES IN INDONESIA: A CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against online gambling crimes in Indonesia from criminal law and criminological perspectives. The rapid development of information technology has transformed conventional gambling into more complex, anonymous, and transnational digital forms, posing challenges in offender identification and regulatory adaptation. This research employs a normative juridical approach using secondary data from laws, legal doctrines, and academic literature, analyzed qualitatively through a descriptive-analytical method. The findings reveal that law enforcement remains suboptimal despite existing regulations such as the Information and Electronic Transactions Law. Key obstacles include limited institutional capacity, increasingly sophisticated modus operandi, and the transnational nature of the crime. From a criminological perspective, this phenomenon is driven by opportunity structures, ease of technological access, and economic motivations. This study highlights the need for regulatory strengthening, institutional capacity improvement, and integrated legal and criminological approaches.
THE NISA'UL MA'HAD COACHING MODEL AS AN EFFORT TO EMPOWER FEMALE STUDENTS AT MODERN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL AL-ISTIQAMAH NGATABARU
This study examines the Nisa'ul Ma'had coaching model as an effort to empower female students (santriwati) at Modern Islamic Boarding School Al-Istiqamah Ngatabaru, while analyzing its implications for enhancing their capacity and empowerment. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, analyzed through the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, and validated via source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that the Nisa'ul Ma'had program emerged from the organic initiative of female teachers (ustadzah), driven by social capital in the form of trust, shared ownership, and women's solidarity, rather than formal bureaucratic planning. The program operates through three mutually reinforcing pillars: an intergenerational gathering forum, domestic skill competitions, and thematic women's empowerment seminars, all managed in a collegial, flexible, yet consistent manner. The program demonstrably improved santriwati's capacity, strengthened institutional cohesion, and cultivated collaborative leadership and value-based independence. This study produces a new finding that both enriches and corrects the theoretical assumption that successful women's empowerment requires complex systemic prerequisites. A program grounded in social capital and pesantren cultural values is proven effective and sustainable, contributing directly to SDGs Goal 4 on quality education and Goal 5 on gender equality and women's empowerment.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTENSITY OF REMEDIAL ACTIVITIES AND SELF-EFFICACY ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY
This study aims to analyze the contribution of remedial activity intensity and self-efficacy to improving student learning outcomes. The method used is a mixed method, combining a quantitative approach to examine the relationships between variables and a qualitative approach through interviews and observations to strengthen field findings. The results indicate that consistent student engagement in remedial activities is associated with improved academic achievement. Remedial activities serve not only to improve grades but also as an opportunity for students to review the material until it is fully understood. Meanwhile, self-efficacy contributed to students' learning motivation, mental readiness, and courage to face academic challenges. These findings indicate that these two variables are important factors that mutually support learning success, so remedial implementation should be designed to strengthen understanding and foster students' learning confidence.
THE DYNAMICS OF SCHOOL-COMMUNITY RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY AT SDN 007 LONG MESANGAT
This study aims to analyze the dynamics of the relationship between the school and the community in the context of cultural diversity at SDN 007 Long Mesangat. This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, involving the school principal, teachers, parents, and community leaders as research subjects. The results indicate that the relationship between the school and the community has not been functioning optimally, as evidenced by low community participation in school activities and a lack of communication and cooperation between the two parties. The main factors influencing this condition are economic factors, low awareness of the importance of education, time constraints, and differences in cultural backgrounds. The impact of this weak relationship is evident in the lack of support for students’ learning processes and the sub-optimal implementation of school programs. Therefore, strategic efforts are needed to enhance cooperation between the school and the community through flexible, educational, and locally-based cultural approaches to support educational success.
LAERNING INTEREST AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH INTERACTIVE MAP-BASED LEARNING MEDIA IN HISTORY EDUCATION
This study aims to increase students' interest in learning and critical thinking skills through the application of interactive map-based learning media in History lessons in Grade X at SMA Negeri 1 Prambanan Klaten. The background of this study is the low interest of students in learning history and the suboptimal critical thinking skills demonstrated by students during the learning process. This is due to the use of conventional learning methods that tend to be monotonous and do not actively involve students. Therefore, interactive maps are expected to be an alternative solution in creating an engaging and participatory learning environment. This study employs the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method by Kemmis and McTaggart, consisting of two cycles. The research subjects are 35 students in Grade X J. Data collection techniques include observation, questionnaires, interviews, written tests, and documentation. Each cycle consists of four stages: planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The instruments used aim to measure improvements in students' learning interest and critical thinking skills during the learning process. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the application of interactive map-based learning media significantly improves students' learning interest and critical thinking skills. There was a gradual increase in students' learning interest, with the average score rising from 58.1 in the pre-cycle to 63.4 in cycle I, and reaching 72.3 in cycle II. The greater increase in cycle II indicates that students became more actively engaged and motivated as the learning process progressed. Similarly, critical thinking skills showed an increase in average scores from 66 in the pre-cycle to 71 in cycle I, and a sharp increase to 84 in cycle II. The drastic increase in the second cycle proves that interactive map-based learning media is effective in increasing students' interest in learning and critical thinking skills in history learning.
SUBNATIONAL MARITIME DIPLOMACY IN ADVANCING SDG 14: A CASE STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES GOVERNANCE IN BERAKIT VILLAGE, RIAU ISLANDS
This study examines how subnational maritime diplomacy contributes to the advancement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 in Indonesia’s maritime border context. While SDG 14 (Life Below Water) is commonly operationalized through national-level marine policies, limited scholarship explores the role of local governments as diplomatic and governance actors in achieving sustainable fisheries outcomes. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research investigates sustainable fisheries governance practices in Berakit Village, Riau Islands Province, a strategically located coastal border area facing transboundary fisheries pressures. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with local officials, fisheries officers, community leaders, fishermen groups, and supporting institutions, complemented by policy document analysis and field observations. The findings demonstrate that subnational maritime diplomacy functions as a governance interface linking local community-based practices with national sustainability commitments. Key contributions include strengthening spatial regulation under the Coastal and Small Islands Zoning Plan (RZWP3K), promoting selective fishing gear, enhancing community-based monitoring to deter Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, and fostering collaborative networks with national and cross-border actors.These initiatives align with SDG 14 targets, particularly 14.2 (sustainable management of marine ecosystems), 14.4 (ending overfishing), and 14.b (access for small-scale fishers). The study argues that subnational maritime diplomacy should be conceptualized not merely as external engagement, but as an adaptive governance mechanism that enhances regulatory coherence, ecological compliance, and local empowerment in decentralized maritime systems. This research contributes to expanding the analytical linkage between paradiplomacy and sustainable development governance in archipelagic border regions.
IDENTITY POLITICS AND ELECTORAL CHALLENGES OF THE INDONESIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF STRUGGLE (PDIP) IN WEST SUMATERA
Research on the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) has so far been dominated by the focus of studies in the Java region, especially related to its support base and electoral dynamics. Meanwhile, studies on PDIP in the Sumatra region, especially West Sumatra, are still relatively limited. In fact, the different socio-political contexts in this region have their own dynamics, especially in relation to identity politics and electoral challenges faced by PDIP. This research will examine the dynamics of identity politics and electoral challenges faced by the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) in West Sumatra. As a nationalist party that has an ideology that is often considered contrary to the cultural and religious sentiments of the Minangkabau people, PDIP has had difficulty gaining significant support in this area. Through a cultural-political approach, this study analyzes how people's collective identities, historical narratives, and the formation of customary and religious values affect political preferences that tend to be conservative and resistive to PDIP. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach and discourse analysis to investigate the construction of identity politics behind PDIP's low electability. The results of this study show that rejection of PDIP in West Sumatra is not only caused by policy or performance issues, but also influenced by ideological perceptions, historical trauma, and the strengthening of local identity that is contrary to PDIP's image of nationalism. These findings underscore the importance of contextual political communication strategies that are sensitive to local cultural dynamics in the face of electoral contestation.
FORMULATION OF CIVIL LIABILITY MODEL IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCY ECOSYSTEM : INTEGRATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF STICT LIABILITY AND FAULT LIABILITY IN INDONESIAN CIVIL LAW
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the digital ecosystem has introduced new complexities in civil law relationships in Indonesia, particularly regarding liability for damages caused by algorithm-based systems. This study aims to analyze the normative weaknesses of civil liability regulations in Indonesian positive law and to formulate a liability model that is adaptive to the characteristics of AI. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that the fault liability principle under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code is no longer adequate due to the difficulty of proving fault in autonomous and black box AI systems. The disharmony between the Civil Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and the Personal Data Protection Law further highlights the existence of a legal vacuum. Empirical data indicates a significant increase in data breaches and cybercrime cases over the past 3–5 years, affecting civil rights. This study proposes the “Hybrid Liability AI” model, integrating fault liability and strict liability based on a risk-based approach. The model enables proportional allocation of liability among developers, operators, and users. The application of strict liability to high-risk AI systems ensures effective victim protection, while fault liability maintains fairness within the legal system. This research contributes theoretically to the development of civil liability doctrine and provides practical recommendations for AI regulatory frameworks in Indonesia. KEYWORDS: Artificial Intelligence, Civil liability, Fault liability, Strict liability, Hybrid liability
THE UTILIZATION OF PLEDGED GOODS IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL SCHOLARLY PERSPECTIVES AND IMAM SHAFI'I'S LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The utilization of pledged goods (rahn) in informal Muslim community transactions in Indonesia remains widely practiced yet legally unexamined, creating a normative gap between community convention and classical Islamic jurisprudence. This study aims to analyze Imam Shafi'i's precise legal reasoning on the utilization of pledged goods and to comparatively situate his position against the Hanafi, Maliki, and Hanbali schools. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through library research on classical fiqh texts and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman & Saldaña. The study finds that Imam Shafi'i categorically prohibits any creditor utilization of pledged goods, classifying it as riba regardless of mutual consent, asset type, or pledge duration, grounded in the principle that ownership and its benefits remain exclusively with the pledgor. Comparatively, the Hanafi school permits utilization upon explicit consent, the Maliki school allows limited animal use proportionate to maintenance, and the Hanbali school grounds animal-use permissibility in prophetic authority. These divergences reflect fundamental differences in jurisprudential methodology across the four schools. The findings provide doctrinal clarity essential for protecting economically vulnerable communities from exploitative informal financial arrangements, directly contributing to SDG 1, SDG 10, and SDG 16.
DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNOMATHEMATICS-BASED TEACHING MATERIALS USING KUE LUMPUR (MUD CAKE) ON FRACTION TOPICS TO IMPROVE NUMERACY AND SELF-EFFICACY OF FOURTH-GRADE STUDENTS
The low level of numeracy among fourth-grade primary school students in Indonesia remains a critical educational challenge that demands immediate and sustained attention. This study aims to develop ethnomathematics-based teaching materials using kue lumpur, a traditional Javanese mud cake, as a culturally familiar context for learning fractions, and to examine the feasibility, efficacy, and impact of these materials on student numeracy and self-efficacy. The study employed the ADDIE development model comprising five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Implementation was conducted at SD Muhammadiyah 1-2 Taman Sidoarjo involving 20 fourth-grade students on February 10, 2026. Data were gathered through expert validation instruments, teacher response questionnaires, learning implementation observation sheets, numeracy tests (pretest and posttest), and a Likert-scale self-efficacy questionnaire. Due to non-normal distribution of posttest data confirmed by the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was applied for hypothesis testing. Results demonstrated that the developed materials received very high validity scores from material experts (4.86), media experts (5.0), and educational practitioners (5.0). Numeracy skills improved significantly, with mean scores increasing from 42.10 at pretest to 82.25 at posttest, yielding an N-Gain of 69.24% (moderate category) and a Wilcoxon significance value of 0.000. Students' self-efficacy reached a high category with a mean score of 75.75%, and 90% of students achieved high or very high self-efficacy ratings. These findings confirm that integrating local cultural contexts into mathematics instruction can substantially enhance both cognitive and affective dimensions of student learning.
FINANCIAL FREEDOM: THE ROLE OF SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AS A MEDIATOR OF FRUGAL LIVING
Individuals will achieve financial freedom if they have adopted frugal living in their lives. The study aims to determine whether materialism and economic behavior have a direct and indirect effect on the frugal living of people in the city of Samarinda through the variable of sustainable consumption. The sampling technique used by researchers in the study was a non-probability sampling technique using the incidental sampling method with a sample size of 102 people. The data collection technique used by researchers is by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis used is the path analysis technique using the SmartPLS application. The results showed that people in Samarinda city have a good ability to invest, people do not spend time to have more goods and will use money to save or invest. The economic behavior of people in Samarinda city shows that good economic behavior makes people wise in making decisions to run life and manage finances by prioritizing needs over wants, so that frugal living can be achieved by managing finances wisely. These actions support the application of frugal living which makes people have a secure financial future.
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP OF THE PRINCIPAL IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF VISION AND MANAGEMENT OF ACHIEVEMENT-BASED LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF SDN 1 BUGEL
This research is motivated by the challenge of school visions, which are often trapped in administrative slogans without a real internalization of the work culture. This study aims to analyze the role of instructional leadership, vision transformation, and achievement-based learning management at SDN 1 Bugel. Using a qualitative case study method, data was collected through interviews, observations, and document review. The results indicate that the principal successfully transformed into an instructional leader through dialogic clinical supervision and ongoing mentoring. The school vision was systemically internalized through assertive communication strategies and strategic budget support. An evaluation of learning management demonstrated a positive transition toward an outcomes-based model and the utilization of educational report card data, despite ongoing administrative constraints. In conclusion, the success of the achievement ecosystem is determined by "lived leadership" and adaptive governance synergy.
STRENGTHENING THE CHARACTER OF READING THROUGH THE USE OF READING CORNER IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Character education in elementary schools is important but requires effective strategies to foster sustainable reading habits. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of reading habits through reading corners in elementary schools. This type of research is qualitative with a case study method. The study was conducted at SDN Patimuan 01 Cilacap with subjects of 4 teachers, 6 students in grades IV–VI, and 1 principal. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and documentary studies. Data were analyzed interactively with the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data were checked for validity through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the study indicate that the strengthening of reading habits in elementary school students developed significantly through the use of planned and contextual reading corners. Five main characters were formed, including (1) discipline through the habit of reading regularly according to schedule and consistent teacher guidance; (2) curiosity by exploring reading content; (3) critical reasoning through in-depth understanding, reflection, and creative projects; (4) independence emerged when having the initiative to choose their own books, write reviews, and recommend reading to friends; and (5) responsibility through positive attitudes towards reading, such as returning books on time, keeping the reading corner clean, and respecting friends' books. This emphasizes that the reading corner is not just a literacy facility but a strategic tool in forming a character that loves reading in a sustainable manner. Support from schools, parents, and the social environment is important for building a sustainable literacy ecosystem so that students' reading habits and literacy behavior develop consistently at school and at home.
ONE-STOP INTEGRATED SERVICE SYSTEM TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY SERVICES IN PAYING VEHICLE TAXES AT SAMSAT KABANJAHE
This article discusses the implementation of One-Stop Integrated Services (PTSP) in improving the quality of Motor Vehicle Tax payment services at SAMSAT Kabanjahe, Karo Regency. PTSP is positioned as an instrument of bureaucratic reform that aims to simplify procedures, increase service certainty, and strengthen the effectiveness of public services. The article uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data through observation, in-depth interviews with SAMSAT officials and employees, as well as the taxpayer community, and documentation studies. The results of the discussion show that the implementation of PTSP is able to increase the certainty of service procedures and times, strengthen coordination between agencies, and encourage transparency and accountability of services. The support of standard operating procedures, the use of information technology, and the improvement of the competence of apparatus contribute to the creation of more effective and responsive services. Although some types of services still require a certain turnaround time, PTSP has increased public trust and satisfaction. This article emphasizes that strengthening PTSP has the potential to encourage taxpayer compliance and support the optimization of regional tax revenues in a sustainable manner.
THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS IN OPTIMIZING THE FISHERIES AND MARINE POTENTIAL OF NATUNA REGENCY
Natuna Regency possesses one of Indonesia's most extraordinary marine resource endowments, yet its fishing communities remain structurally underserved by Islamic economic institutions despite holding deep Islamic cultural values. This study examines the role of Islamic economics in Natuna's fisheries and marine sector and constructs a strategic optimization framework grounded in maqashid al-syariah principles. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with fishermen, local government officials, and Islamic economic practitioners, supplemented by observation and policy documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. Findings reveal that Islamic economics operates at the level of informal cultural practice rather than formal institutional architecture, with profit-sharing arrangements and mutual assistance mechanisms present organically but unsupported by syariah-based financial institutions, productive zakat programs, or waqf-based infrastructure financing. The study constructs a four-pillar strategic framework encompassing maritime Islamic microfinance, productive waqf for fisheries infrastructure, sectoral zakat transformation, and ecological stewardship governance. This framework directly advances SDG 1, SDG 8, and SDG 14 by addressing financial exclusion, generating decent economic opportunities, and preserving the long-term ecological productivity of WPP 711. The study contributes the first systematic Islamic economics analysis specific to Natuna, offering a replicable model for Islamic maritime development in resource-rich coastal regions
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL ASSISTED BY DIORAMA-MONOPOLY MEDIA AND CLASS MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ON THE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF FOURTH GRADE SCIENCE STUDENTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS MATERIAL
This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by Diorama-Monopoly media and classroom management support on the learning outcomes of Natural and Social Sciences on photosynthesis material for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Bringin 01 and SD Negeri Bringin 02. This research uses a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design of the Non-Equivalent Control Group Design type. The research sample consists of an experimental class and a control class. Data collection techniques use tests (pretest and posttest) and observation. Data analysis includes descriptive tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, N-Gain, and hypothesis tests using the Wilcoxon test, paired sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U Test. The results of the study show that the average pretest score of the experimental class was 51.14 and the control class was 52.50. After the treatment, the average posttest score of the experimental class increased to 84.32, while the control class became 66.36. The N-Gain result in the experimental class was 0.72 (high category) with a percentage of 63.82% (quite effective), while the control class was 0.34 (medium category) with a percentage of 25.45% (not effective). The hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.007 < 0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the two groups. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Diorama-Monopoly media and classroom management support has a significant and more effective impact on improving Natural and Social Sciences learning outcomes on photosynthesis material compared to conventional learning.
THE CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
The constructivist approach has become a learning paradigm that has received widespread attention in various educational disciplines, including Islamic Religious Education (IRE). Although there have been many empirical studies in general education, theoretical studies that analyze the relationship between constructivism and the epistemology and pedagogy of IRE in depth are still limited. This article aims to theoretically analyze the constructivist approach in the context of Islamic Religious Education and examine its pedagogical implications for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of IRP learning. This study uses the library research method with content analysis and literature synthesis from national and international journal articles published between 2016 and 2025. The results of the study show that constructivism provides a strong conceptual foundation for developing student-centered, dialogical, reflective, and contextual Islamic Religious Education learning. Its pedagogical implications include changing the role of teachers to facilitators, using active learning strategies such as problem-based learning and reflective discussions, and evaluations that assess the cognitive, affective, and reflective aspects of students. This article recommends the integration of constructivism principles into the curriculum and learning practices of Islamic Religious Education at various levels of education as an effort to enrich the integrity of religious learning.
DATA-BASED EDUCATION FINANCING MANAGEMENT: A STRATEGY TO IMPROVE PRIORITY INDICATOR ACHIEVEMENT IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
The low literacy and numeracy scores on the Education Report Card (Report Card) have prompted the urgency of precise financial governance. This study aims to analyze data-driven financing management strategies to improve priority indicators at SDN 5 Godong. Using a qualitative case study method, data was collected from eight informants (the Principal, Treasurer, Teachers, School Committee, and parents) through interviews, observations, and document review. Data validity was ensured through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results indicate that integrating the ARKAS (School Budget Alignment) with the Education Report Card (Report Card) increased the efficiency of instructional allocation by 15%. The findings identified the "Triple-Check Data Alignment" model as key to success, but it was hampered by the high digital administrative burden on teachers. The establishment of an internal "Data Literacy Cluster" for longitudinal analysis and diversification of funding sources is recommended to ensure the sustainability of the school quality improvement program.
THE EFFECT OF SKILL AGILITY ON TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN SRAGI DISTRICT, PEKALONGAN REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the effect of skill agility on teachers’ performance in public junior high schools in Sragi District, Pekalongan Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational design. The population consisted of 173 teachers, with a sample of 121 respondents determined using the Isaac and Michael formula and proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression after fulfilling prerequisite tests, including normality, homogeneity, and linearity. The results indicate that skill agility has a positive and significant effect on teachers’ performance (p < 0.05), with a contribution of 73.7%. This finding suggests that teachers’ ability to learn quickly, think flexibly, and adapt to change is a key factor in enhancing professional performance. The cognitive agility dimension was identified as the most dominant indicator in shaping skill agility. This study implies that efforts to improve teachers’ performance should focus on developing individual adaptive capabilities as a key competency in responding to the dynamic nature of education.
EXPLORATION OF THE EXPERIENCES OF GRADE VI STUDENTS OF SD N 1 BOGOR IN PLAYING THE GAME FREE FIRE TOWARDS THEIR ACADEMIC CAREER JOURNEY
This study aims to explore the experiences of sixth-grade elementary school students in playing the online game Free Fire and its relationship to learning motivation and academic career development. This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological type. The research subjects consisted of students who actively play games with the support of parents and teachers. Data collection techniques included interviews, observation, questionnaires, and documentation, then analyzed using interactive analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that students play primarily for entertainment and social interaction with peers, with varying intensity. Some students are able to manage their time between playing and studying, but others experience a decrease in concentration and learning motivation after playing. The impacts are not uniform, but are influenced by self-control, discipline, and supervision from parents and teachers. In general, gaming activities can provide positive or negative experiences for students' academic career development depending on time management and environmental support.
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF INSTAGRAM @BUKUAKIK: CONSTRUCTING VINTAGE BRAND IMAGE IN THE DIGITAL ERA
This study aims to analyze how visual and narrative elements on the Instagram account @bukuakik construct a vintage brand image in the digital era. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using content analysis as the main method. The data consist of 519 Instagram posts published between January and March 2026. The analysis is based on the Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) theory by Kevin Lane Keller, which includes brand identity, brand meaning (performance and imagery), brand response (judgments and feelings), and brand relationship (resonance).The findings indicate that @bukuakik successfully builds a strong brand image through consistent visual aesthetics and interactive content. The use of earth-tone color palettes, vintage objects, and nostalgic storytelling creates emotional engagement and enhances audience perception. Furthermore, the synergy between the main account and the supporting account (@lifeatbukuakik) strengthens the brand’s authenticity and fosters a sense of community among followers In conclusion, @bukuakik has transformed beyond a conventional bookstore into a digital literacy community that delivers both functional value and emotional resonance. This study highlights the importance of integrating visual consistency and narrative strategies in social media marketing to build a distinctive and memorable brand image in the digital era.
OPTIMIZATION OF DA'WAH COMMUNICATION OF LAZISMU MAKASSAR IN INCREASING MUZAKKI PARTICIPATION
This study aims to analyze the optimization of da'wah communication carried out by Lazismu Makassar in an effort to increase muzakki participation and loyalty. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study identifies forms of communication (da'wah bi al-lisan, bi al-qalam, and bi al-hal), media strategies (offline and digital), as well as supporting and inhibiting factors that affect the effectiveness of philanthropic da'wah. The findings show that the integration of persuasive, humanist, and transparent approaches, combined with the use of digital media such as WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok, successfully builds emotional closeness and public trust. Personal communication through WhatsApp has proven to be the most effective channel in maintaining muzakki loyalty. The main supporting factors include the support of the Muhammadiyah network, a structured management system, real empowerment programs, and adaptive digital literacy. On the other hand, the low public understanding of zakat obligations and the preference for direct distribution to mustahik are still structural obstacles. This research enriches the treasures of contemporary da'wah communication theory by integrating the perspective of relationship marketing, social identity theory, and the principles of da'wah bil hikmah. The practical implications emphasize the need to strengthen zakat literacy, optimize social impact-based storytelling, and standardize measurable digital communication to strengthen the sustainability of Islamic philanthropy in the urban era.
APPLICATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN DISPUTE RESOLUTION OF TRADEMARK CRIMES IN THE POLICE (STUDY OF THE NORTH SUMATRA REGIONAL POLICE)
Restorative justice is an approach in the criminal justice system that focuses on victim recovery, perpetrator rehabilitation, and community recovery that aims to create a more holistic solution by involving all parties affected by the crime in the settlement process. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the regulation of restorative justice in the North Sumatra Regional Police, how the mechanism for resolving brand crimes in the police, and how the application of restorative justice in the North Sumatra Regional Police in brand crimes. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the regulation of Restorative Justice in the North Sumatra Regional Police, analyze and analyze the mechanism for resolving brand crimes in the Police, and analyze and analyze the application of Restorative Justice in the North Sumatra Regional Police in Brand Crimes. This type of research uses normative juridical research that is descriptive-analytical and qualitative analysis. The results of the study explain the regulation of restorative justice in the North Sumatra Regional Police, there are various regulations such as the old Criminal Code, the Police Law, the Decree of the Chief of Police No. Pol: B / 3022 / XII / 2009 / SDEOPS concerning Handling Cases Through Alternative Dispute Resolution, Perkapolri No. 8 of 2021 concerning Handling Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice and Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the National Criminal Code and Law No. 25 of 2025 concerning the New Criminal Code. Meanwhile, the mechanism for resolving trademark crimes in the police is carried out through mandatory complaints from victims and investigations by the police to resolve trademark crimes in the police. Regarding the application of restorative justice in trademark crime cases by the North Sumatra Regional Police, not a single case can be resolved using a restorative justice approach because there are key factors, namely legal, social, and cultural factors.
FROM MILLENNIALS TO 'SILVER ECONOMY': AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGY READINESS, USER EMANCIPATION, AND AI ADOPTION IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION ECOSYSTEM
The transition to cybernetic capitalism and the disruption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have created a reality of "Mixtopia", where utopian efficiency coexists with dystopian threats like data exploitation and the loss of human autonomy. Amid this socioeconomic transformation, it is crucial to understand how different demographic groups, specifically adaptive young entrepreneurs versus the ageing population in the “Silver Economy”, respond to technological disruptions and digital inequalities. This article analyzes cross-generational AI adoption dynamics using the “Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM)” and the sociological concept of “Mündigkeit” (emancipation toward autonomy)”. Findings reveal that Millennial and Generation Z entrepreneurs in developing economies share similar pragmatic behaviors; their AI adoption is primarily driven by “perceived usefulness” for business efficiency rather than mere technological novelty. In particular, the Silver Economy is highly vulnerable to digital exclusion. To counter data capitalism and prevent users from becoming passive, "intergenerational learning" is proposed as an essential methodology to foster critical reflection and user emancipation. Ultimately, sustainable economic transformation requires shifting from blind acceptance of technology to critical user adoption.
DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE-BASED INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA “PETIK LIDI” IN INFORMATICS TO ENHANCE STUDENTS' DIGITAL LITERACY
Rendahnya literasi digital siswa dan terbatasnya variasi media pembelajaran interaktif menjadi latar belakang dari penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendiskripsikan kondisi awal pembelajaran informatika, mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis nilai “PETIK LIDI”, menganalisis respon guru, respon siswa serta efektifitas produk pengembangan media pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 2 Binangun. Metode yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahap: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IX G sebagai kelas eksperimen (32 siswa) dan kelas IX F sebagai kelas kontrol (32 siswa) di SMP Negeri 2 Binangun, Cilacap. Observasi, wawancara, angket, validasi ahli, dan tes hasil belajar (pretest dan posttest) adalah teknik untuk mengumpukan data. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif, uji N-Gain Score, serta uji Independent Sample t-test. Keabsahan data dijamin melalui triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi awal pembelajaran masih menggunkan media yang kurang inovatif, pengembangan produk menunjukkan valid, praktis, efektif berdasarkan, sebagai praktisi pembelajaran respon guru menunjukkan hasil validasi 96%. Respon siswa terhadap kepraktisan mencapai 94,46% (sangat praktis). Efektifitas penggunaan produk media pembelajaran interaktif siswa mencapai rata-rata 91,03% (sangat baik) hasil menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan.
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR HOLDERS OF LAND OWNERSHIP CERTIFICATES IN CASES OF LAND FREEZING BY THE NATIONAL LAND AGENCY
Land freezing is an administrative action to maintain the status quo over disputed land. However, in practice, it is often filed unilaterally by third parties without a clear legal basis, potentially harming certificate holders and creating legal uncertainty. This research aims to analyze the conformity of land freezing implementation with statutory provisions and to examine legal protection for holders of land title certificates against freezing actions filed by third parties. A normative legal research design underpins the present study, which proceeds by way of both a statutory approach and a case based approach. The UUPA, the Government Regulation on Land Registration, and the Minister of ATR or BPN Regulation concerning freezing and seizure serve as the primary legal materials. Secondary materials are obtained from legal literature. The results show that the regulation on land freezing still contains normative obscurity, particularly regarding the requirements and limitations on parties who may file freezing requests, thereby opening opportunities for third parties to carry out unilateral freezing without a strong legal basis, which ultimately creates conflict and legal uncertainty for land title certificate holders, and that the existing mechanisms have not fully provided adequate legal protection since freezing can hinder right holders from performing legal acts over their land. Therefore, clearer and more assertive legal regulatory improvements and enhanced supervision in the implementation of land freezing are needed to ensure legal certainty and protection for land right holders.
THE BUSINESS POTENTIAL OF ANCHOVY PRODUCTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS IN SEDANAU, BUNGURAN BARAT DISTRICT, NATUNA REGENCY
The anchovy (ikan bilis) production industry in Sedanau, Bunguran Barat District, Natuna Regency, represents a significant livelihood source for the local coastal community, yet its production practices have never been evaluated against the normative standards of Islamic economics. This study aims to examine the anchovy production process in its full operational detail and to assess that process from the perspective of Islamic economics, particularly regarding the principles of halal, tayyib, business honesty, food safety, and social responsibility. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman & Saldaña. The study finds that the production process operates through four stages, harvesting, boiling, drying, and marketing, with considerable economic efficiency. However, three critical normative deviations are identified: the use of deteriorating raw material in violation of the tayyib and shiddiq principles, the repeated reuse of boiling water that compromises food safety, and the disruptive placement of drying mats in public spaces that inflicts harm on the surrounding community. These findings carry direct implications for SDG 2, SDG 3, SDG 8, and SDG 10, underscoring the urgent need for Islamic economic literacy and production guidance in informal coastal food enterprises.
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR WOMEN AND CHILD VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AT THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROTECTION UNIT OF THE TEBING TINGGI MUNICIPAL POLICE
This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for women and children victims of sexual violence in the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) of the Tebing Tinggi City Police, as well as assess the effectiveness of the implementation of laws and regulations in the process of handling them. This research uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and a case approach. Data were obtained through literature studies on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, and were analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation. The results of the study show that normatively legal protection mechanisms have been regulated in various regulations, including the Child Protection Law and provisions related to sexual violence. At the implementation level, there are still obstacles in the aspects of victim assistance, the speed of case handling, and the consistency of the application of criminal sanctions. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen coordination between law enforcement and optimize victim psychological protection to realize substantive justice.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTICULATE STORYLINE-BASED COGNITIVE INTERACTIVE DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT IN VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS: A NEEDS ANALYSIS
This study aimed to analyze the needs for developing an interactive cognitive diagnostic assessment based on Articulate Storyline for mathematics learning in vocational high schools. The study employed a research and development approach focused on the needs analysis stage, using a mixed-methods design with a sequential exploratory strategy. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with mathematics teachers selected using purposive sampling, while quantitative data were obtained from a needs-analysis questionnaire administered to 420 tenth-grade students from seven public vocational high schools in Tegal Regency selected using proportional sampling techniques. The findings show that both teachers and students strongly need an assessment tool that is interactive, digital, capable of providing immediate feedback, answer review features, and follow-up of assessment results. Students also expressed a high need for contextual items, visual appeal, and opportunities for independent learning. The results indicate that conventional assessment practices are not yet sufficient to identify students’ prior knowledge comprehensively. Therefore, the development of an Articulate Storyline-based cognitive diagnostic assessment is highly relevant to support more accurate diagnosis of students’ mathematical understanding, strengthen learning readiness, and promote more meaningful and independent learning.
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT MODEL IN THE JANGKANG WATER RECLAMATION VILLAGE AREA, BANGKA REGENCY
This research aims to solve problems regarding community empowerment by developing a community empowerment model that is in accordance with the needs of the community in the Jangkang Water Reclamation Village Area. The background of the research began with the presence of the Jangkang Water Reclamation Village which is a reclamation in another form in the Riding Panjang Village Area managed by a subsidiary company of PT. Timah Tbk as the owner of the IUP, namely PT. Timah Agro Manunggal (PT. TAM), according to the rules that companies that have IUP are obliged to empower the surrounding community, but the community around the reclamation village has not been optimally affected by the Community Development and Empowerment (PPM) activities of both PT. Timah Tbk and PT. TAM as the manager of the Reclamation Village. In this study, qualitative methods are used and the paradigm used in this study is constructivism with this research strategy in the form of a case study approach. Data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and documentation. Data is analyzed using data condensation, data display and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the presence of reclamation villages has not had a significant impact on the lives of the people around the area, the majority of people do not have critical awareness to know their position as the subject of empowerment so that the community is not only a recipient of assistance and does not know about the company's obligations in empowering the community through the Community Development and Empowerment (PPM) program, the community should empowered by providing training to increase their capacity. The people of Riding Panjang Village as the subject of empowerment already have strong social capital in the form of social harmony and the strength of social networks between communities. However, challenges are still encountered in the implementation of empowerment in the form of regulations between PT. Timah Tbk with PT. TAM, the lack of optimal human resources in Riding Panjang Village and the lack of good cooperation and synergy between the village and the manager of the reclamation village.
IN-DEPTH LEARNING EVALUATION IN PREPARING THE GOLDEN GENERATION OF 2045 THROUGH CHARACTER EDUCATION
Deep learning as an important framework for cultivating a resilient and character-driven golden generation. This study seeks to evaluate the role of deep learning in preparing the golden generation of 2045 through character education. This study was conducted at Sekaran Public Elementary School. The research period was from October to December. The sample consisted of seven teachers. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and observations. Data analysis techniques began with data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results show that the six character components in deep learning synergize to form the foundation for developing human resources with strong character in preparing the golden generation. Character education helps students internalize values ​​such as democracy, discipline, honesty, creativity, tolerance, and responsibility. This study makes a significant contribution to enriching the literature on deep learning analysis, particularly in linking character education to realizing the vision of the golden generation of 2045.
THE INFLUENCE OF KAHOOT MEDIA USAGE ON STUDENTS' LEARNING INTEREST IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (PAI) SUBJECT AT SMAN 1 BUNGURAN TIMUR
This study aims to examine the influence of Kahoot-based instructional media on students' learning interest in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMAN 1 Bunguran Timur, Natuna Regency, Riau Islands Province. A quantitative correlational approach was employed, involving 51 students as respondents. Data were collected through validated and reliable questionnaires and analyzed using Spearman Rank correlation via SPSS 26. The findings reveal that both Kahoot usage and students' learning interest fall within the moderate category, with mean scores of 58.51 and 56.25 respectively. The correlation analysis yielded a coefficient of rho = 0.508 with a significance value of 0.000, confirming a statistically significant influence of Kahoot-based media on PAI learning interest. The coefficient of determination further indicates that Kahoot contributes 26% to students' learning interest, while the remaining 74% is attributed to other variables. These findings suggest that although Kahoot demonstrably enhances learning interest, its full pedagogical potential remains unrealized due to limitations in digital infrastructure and implementation consistency inherent to this frontier archipelagic school context. Strengthening teacher competency and increasing the frequency of Kahoot utilization are recommended to elevate students' learning interest to a higher level.
PENAL AND NON-PENAL POLICIES AGAINST THE CRIME OF THEFT WITH VIOLENCE (STUDY AT THE BELAWAN PORT POLICE)
This research is entitled Non-Penal Policy Against Violent Theft (Study at Belawan Police). The formulation of the problem is (1) What are the factors that cause perpetrators to commit violent theft? (2) How is the non-penal policy made by Belawan Police in overcoming violent theft? (3) What are the obstacles faced by Belawan Police in implementing non-penal policies for perpetrators of violent theft? The research method used is normative legal research, with a descriptive analysis research type. The problem approach uses a normative legal approach. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results of the study show that (1) the factors that cause perpetrators to commit violent theft are economic factors, low education factors, unemployed factors, victim negligence factors, social factors, and lifestyle factors. (2) The non-penal policy made by Belawan Police is a preventive policy, namely by always conducting routine raids in areas prone to violent theft. And a repressive policy, namely by enforcing the law in accordance with statutory regulations. (3) The obstacles faced by the Belawan Police in implementing non-penal policies are obstacles from victims who died, children who are still minors, perpetrators who fled, and limited human resources at the Belawan Police. The suggestion from this thesis is for parents to always look after and educate their children in religious values so that they do not get involved in committing violent theft.
THE ROLE OF PANCASILA EDUCATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS AND DIGNITY OF STUDENTS
The protection of students’ rights and dignity is a central issue in education because schools are not merely places for the transfer of knowledge, but also spaces where justice, equality, and respect for human dignity must be realized. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach at a high school in Samarinda, Indonesia. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews with the principal, Pancasila Education teachers, and three students, as well as documentation of instructional materials and school policies. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The findings indicate that Pancasila Education supports the implementation of human rights by strengthening students’ understanding of rights and responsibilities, fostering equality and justice in classroom interactions, promoting respect for human dignity, and encouraging anti-discriminatory attitudes. The uniqueness of this study lies in its practical analysis of how Pancasila Education operates as a human rights-based pedagogical instrument within the daily school culture, rather than merely as a normative or conceptual subject. Strengthening Pancasila Education through teacher role modeling, participatory learning, and consistent school policies can help prevent bullying, discrimination, and demeaning treatment, while creating a safer, more inclusive, and dignified learning environment
THE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHYNESS AND SELF-ESTEEM WITH LONELINESS IN SOCIAL MEDIA BASED ROLEPLAYER
This study aims to examine the relationship between shyness and self-esteem with loneliness among social media-based roleplayers. This research employed a quantitative correlational design involving 110 participants aged 15–24 years who were actively engaged in roleplaying activities on social media. Data were collected using psychological scales measuring shyness, self-esteem, and loneliness, and were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analysis with IBM SPSS 25. The results showed that shyness and self-esteem simultaneously have a significant relationship with loneliness (R = 0.766, R² = 0.587, p < 0.01), indicating a combined contribution of 58.7%. Furthermore, shyness was found to have a significant positive correlation with loneliness (r = 0.721, p < 0.01), while self-esteem showed a significant negative correlation with loneliness (r = -0.669, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that psychological factors such as shyness and self-esteem play an important role in shaping loneliness among social media roleplayers. The study highlights that individuals who experience higher social discomfort and lower self-evaluation tend to be more vulnerable to loneliness in online interaction contexts.
INSTITUTIONALIZING SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY: PRINCIPAL’S STRATEGIES FOR STRENGTHENING SCHOOL LITERACY ECOSYSTEMS
The challenges of the 21st century demand comprehensive literacy mastery as the main modality of national competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the Principal's Strategic Management in institutionalizing a research culture through a mandatory Youth Scientific Work (KIR) policy for all students. Research is generally only an optional extracurricular activity, but in SMA Negeri 1 Rembang, KIR has become a mandatory extracurricular activity and even writing a KIR report is one of the graduation requirements. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies, and validated using triangulation of techniques and sources. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The research findings reveal that the successful implementation of the principal's strategy in implementing a literacy strengthening program through mandatory student KIR rests on four pillars of execution: (1) Creation of an effective organizational structure through the formation of a special KIR team; (2) Determination of procedures focused on the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for intensive clinical guidance; (3) Program development focused on implementing research methodology training and participating in research competitions; and (4) Accountable resource management to support a sustainable school literacy ecosystem. This study concludes that strengthening literacy is not enough to be built with a reading movement alone, but must be institutionalized through a mandatory and structured scientific inquiry curriculum so that a research culture is formed within the school literacy ecosystem.
THE THE EFFECT OF THE HISTORICAL THINKING APPROACH ON STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN HISTORY LEARNING AT SMAN 1 RONGGA
This study was motivated by the dominance of memorization-oriented history instruction, which has limited the optimal development of students’ critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the historical thinking approach on students’ critical thinking skills in history learning at SMAN 1 Rongga. The conceptual framework was based on the relationship between three dimensions of historical thinking, namely Use of Primary Source Evidence, Cause and Consequence, and Historical Perspective-Taking, and four dimensions of critical thinking, namely interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference. This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey method. The sample consisted of 127 tenth-grade students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings revealed that the historical thinking approach had a significant simultaneous effect on students’ critical thinking skills, as indicated by an F value of 211.270 and a significance value of <0.001. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.834 indicated that 83.4% of the variation in students’ critical thinking skills could be explained by the three dimensions of historical thinking. Partially, Cause and Consequence and Historical Perspective-Taking had positive and significant effects, while Use of Primary Source Evidence did not have a significant effect. The most dominant dimension was Historical Perspective-Taking. Therefore, the historical thinking approach is appropriate to be applied as a history learning strategy to develop students’ critical thinking skills.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS COMMITTED BY TEENAGERS (STUDY AT LABUHANBATU POLICE)
Traffic violations committed by juveniles are a legal problem that continues to occur frequently and tends to increase, including in the jurisdiction of the Labuhanbatu Police. This condition not only impacts the safety of road users but also poses challenges in law enforcement, considering that juveniles are legal subjects who are categorized as children and have the right to legal protection. Therefore, law enforcement against traffic violations by juveniles needs to be implemented effectively, proportionally, and oriented towards developmental aspects. The research questions in this study are: 1. How is law enforcement regulated against traffic violations in the Labuhanbatu Police Traffic Unit? 2. How is law enforcement against traffic violations committed by juveniles in the Labuhanbatu Police Traffic Unit? 3. How effective is the Labuhanbatu Police Traffic Unit's response to juvenile traffic violations? The type of research used is normative legal research with a normative juridical approach. This research examines positive legal norms governing road traffic and transportation, specifically Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, as well as other laws and regulations related to law enforcement and child protection. This research is descriptive and analytical in nature, describing applicable legal provisions and analyzing their application systematically, logically, and consistently in traffic law enforcement practices against juveniles.
MAPPING LITERARY MATERIAL IN THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TEXTBOOK IN KURIKULUM MERDEKA FOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL
This study aims to map the literary material contained in the Smart and Intelligent Indonesian Language and Literature textbook for the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) for high school. The study focuses on the form, type, and depth of the literary material presented in the textbook and its suitability to the learning outcomes of the Independent Curriculum. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis techniques. Data include texts, learning activities, and literary project assignments contained in the textbook for grades X, XI, and XII. The results show that the literary material in the textbook covers various genres, including poetry, short stories, novels, drama, and literary reflective texts. The material is presented with a contextual and integrative approach that emphasizes appreciation, interpretation, and creative expression of students. However, there is an imbalance in the proportion between classical and modern literature, as well as limited exploration of regional literary works and digital contemporary literature. In conclusion, this textbook has implemented the spirit of the Independent Curriculum, which emphasizes experience-based literary learning and humanitarian values. However, it needs content enrichment and cross-cultural appreciation activities to make literature learning in high school more holistic and relevant to current developments.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING MODEL ON LEARNING OUTCOMES IN DRAWING HEXAGONS AT SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2 SEMARANG
This research aims to examine how the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) approach impacts students’ learning outcomes in technical drawing, specifically in constructing hexagons at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Semarang. Technical drawing is a fundamental competency in vocational education that requires precision, conceptual understanding, and psychomotor skills. However, conventional learning methods often limit student engagement and hinder the development of these competencies. Therefore, an innovative instructional approach is needed to improve learning effectiveness. This study utilized a quantitative experimental approach with a pretest-posttest control group design. It inculed two classes: the experimental group, which received instruction through the PjBL model, taught via conventional methods. Data were collected through psychomotor performance test, which were assessed using a validate rubric. The instruments were tested for validity using Aiken's V, Content Validity Index (CVI), and reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Data analysis included normality, homogeneity, and independent samples t-tests. The finding indicated that the two groups started with similar initial abilities, as confirmed by the pretest t-test (Sig. = 0,842 > 0,05). Following the intervention, the posttest t-test releaved a clear significant difference between them (Sig. = 0,0001 < 0,05), with the experimental class posting a higher average score of 82,32 compared to 73,60 in the control class. From these results, it’s clear that the PjBL model proves more effective at boosting students’ psychomotor skills and comprehension in hexagon drawing. Overall, Project-Based Learning markedly enchances learning outcomes in technical drawing, making it a strong recommendation for vocational education.
INTEGRATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALU INTEGRATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUES IN LEARNING HISTORY THROUGH A CONTEXTUAL APPROACH AT SMA NEGERI 3 BALAESANG
This study aims to analyze the integration of local wisdom values in history learning through a contextual approach as an effort to overcome the tendency of history learning which is still textual, de-contextual, and able to internalize local cultural values. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, with data collection techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and is analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and interactive verification. The results of the study show that the integration of local wisdom values is carried out through the contextualization of historical material with the socio-cultural reality of students, the use of the environment as a learning resource, and the application of participatory and dialogical learning methods. The contextual approach has been proven to be able to improve historical understanding, cultural awareness, and internalization of students' character values. This finding corroborates previous research that shows that learning based on local wisdom makes the learning process more meaningful, contextual, and relevant to students' experiences. Thus, the integration of local wisdom through a contextual approach is an effective, adaptive, and sustainable pedagogical strategy in the development of history learning that is oriented towards strengthening cultural character and identity.
TYPOLOGY OF CONJUNCTIONS IN THE EASTERN CURSE REGIONAL LANGUAGE (CASE STUDY OF STUDENTS OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE STUDY PROGRAM FKIP UNKHAIR
This study aims to describe the typology of conjunctions in the regional languages of East Makian with a focus on the classification of forms, syntactic functions, and relational meanings that appear in the use of language by students of the Indonesian Language Education Study Program, FKIP Khairun University. The East Makian language, also known as Taba or Makian Dalam, is a regional language spoken in the Makian and South Halmahera Island areas, North Maluku Province. The existence of this language is important to study because it is still alive in a spoken society, but it is in a situation that demands documentation and strengthening intergenerational functions. This research is prepared as a qualitative descriptive study with a structural-functional linguistic approach. The focus of the discussion was directed at the types of conjunctions that have the potential to appear in the speech of East Makian speakers, namely coordinated, subordinative, correlative, interclause, and intersentence conjunctions. Because specific documentation on East Makian conjunctions is still limited in available online sources, the typology discussion is compiled through the combination of basic linguistic data about East Makian with the framework of conjunction theory in Indonesian linguistics to produce an analysis model that can be used in advanced field research. The results of the study show that the typology of conjunctions in the Eastern Makian language can be conceptually mapped based on the relationship of addition, selection, contradiction, cause, condition, goal, time, and order between syntactic units. In the context of FKIP Unkhair students, the use of regional conjunctions is expected to be present side by side with Indonesian conjunctions due to the bilingual situation and language contact. Thus, research on Eastern Makian conjunctions is not only important for grammatical description, but also relevant for the preservation of regional languages, the teaching of regional linguistics, and the strengthening of students' linguistic identity.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CAMBRIDGE CURRICULUM IN HISTORY LEARNING IN GRADE XI OF SMA WITAMA PEKANBARU
This study aims to determine the implementation of the Cambridge curriculum in history learning in grade XI of Witama High School in Pekanbaru, the obstacles faced in implementing the Cambridge curriculum in history learning in grade XI of Witama High School in Pekanbaru, and the benefits felt by students from the implementation of the Cambridge curriculum in history learning in grade XI of Witama High School in Pekanbaru. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data collection methods were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation consisted of three stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. There were several obstacles in the implementation, including: the integration of the Cambridge curriculum with the national curriculum, limited class hours, a large amount of subject matter, historical terms in English that were difficult to remember, and students having to adapt to the demands of higher-level thinking. The students' responses regarding the benefits of the policy implementation were: history lessons helped hone their English language skills and increase their vocabulary, helped them think critically and look at history from different perspectives, and increased their knowledge of history.
INTEGRATION OF CHATGPT APPLICATION IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH LEARNING: A STUDY OF ACADEMIC ETHICS AND ITS IMPACT ON STUDENTS' READING LITERACY
This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the use of language in political communication in digital media, especially expressive speech that not only conveys information, but also shows the attitude and feelings of the speaker. The problem in this study is how the function of expressive speech is used in political discussions on YouTube and how it plays a role in building meaning and influencing the audience. This study aims to identify and analyze the function of expressive speech in Gita Wirjawan's YouTube video entitled "Is it possible to have a Meritocracy in the midst of mediocrity". The novelty of this research lies in the focus of the study that discusses digital political discussions that are open and interactive, and not only identifies the types of speech, but also examines the function and context of its use. This research uses a qualitative approach with a content analysis method. Data in the form of oral speech was obtained through listening and recording techniques, then analyzed through the stages of reduction, classification, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there were 87 expressive speeches consisting of four main functions, namely criticizing (35 data), praising (28 data), satirizing (20 data), and thanking (4 data). The criticism function is the most dominant because the discussion that takes place is argumentative, while the praise function acts as a counterbalance so that communication continues to run well. The conclusion of this study shows that expressive speech does not only function as an expression of feelings, but also as a strategy in expressing opinions, building arguments, and influencing the audience's perspective in digital political discussions.
THE ROLE OF WAITING FOR TUBANG WHO MIGRATES TO STUDY MUARA TENANG VILLAGE, SEMENDE DARAT TENGAH DISTRICT, MUARA ENIM REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the changes in the role of Tunggu Tubang in the Semende community, especially in the context of overseas, and examine these roles based on structural, normative, behavioral, interactional, and role expectation dimensions. The method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants in this study consist of Tunggu Tubang, family members, and traditional leaders (Meraje). The results of the study show that there has been a shift in the role of Tunggu Tubang from direct management of heritage in the village to indirect management through economic contributions and remote supervision. Nevertheless, the status and responsibilities of Tunggu Tubang remain inherent and recognized in the customary system. In the structural dimension, the role of Tunggu Tubang is in a collective system with the involvement of extended families and supervision of Meraje. In the normative dimension, the role is governed by customary values and norms that emphasize responsibility and sustainability of inheritance. In the behavioral and interactional dimensions, the role of Tunggu Tubang is manifested through management, communication, and deliberation with families and traditional leaders. Meanwhile, in the dimension of expectation, the community has expectations that Tunggu Tubang will be able to carry out its role optimally in order to maintain family harmony. This study concludes that the Tunggu Tubang system is adaptive to social changes, especially due to overseas, without eliminating the basic values that are the foundation of customs. These changes are actually a form of strategy in maintaining the sustainability of the customary system in the midst of the dynamics of modern life.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING QUALITY OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN SAMSAT KABANJAHE
This study aims to analyze the role of human resource management in improving the quality of One-Stop Integrated Services (PTSP) at UPT PEPENDA (SAMSAT) Kabanjahe. The approach used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and data triangulation. The focus of the research is directed at the aspects of planning and sufficiency of human resources, recruitment, training and development, work motivation, performance evaluation, and their implications for the speed, accuracy, and responsiveness of public services. The results of the study show that the implementation of PTSP has provided easy access to services for the community, but its effectiveness is highly dependent on the quality and management of human resources. The limited number of employees in a certain period still affects the waiting time for services. Continuous training, work motivation, and performance evaluation play an important role in maintaining service quality. Cross-agency synergy, especially with the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia, also strengthens the accuracy and certainty of service. This research emphasizes that strengthening human resource management is the key to improving the quality of sustainable public services.
Reorientation Of The PPKn Paradigm For The Enhancement Of Digital Citizenship Competence In The Post-Truth Era
The post-truth era, characterized by the massive spread of misinformation and the dominance of opinion, demands a reorientation of the paradigm in the teaching of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn). This research aims to formulate adaptive and innovative instructional strategies to enhance students' digital citizenship competencies in the post-truth era. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research design that analyzes national and international academic literature published between 2016 and 2026. Data collection utilizes online literature databases, which are then qualitatively analyzed using content analysis techniques. The study results indicate that PPKn must comprehensively instill five elements of digital citizenship competence, namely: digital identity, privacy and security management, rights and responsibilities, participatory engagement, and technology skills development. To realize this, the integration of these competencies is recommended thru innovative pedagogical strategies that include project-based learning oriented toward digital action, case-based methods to dissect ethical dilemmas, and character habituation in digital citizenship within a collaborative ecosystem. In conclusion, Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) needs to promptly reorient its paradigm to enhance students' digital citizenship competencies so that they do not merely become passive consumers of information, but rather become critical, intelligent, ethical producers of digital content grounded in the Pancasila ideology amidst the challenges of the post-truth era.
THE EFFECT OF THE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL USED BY KOBELKA CONCRETE MEDIA AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CLASS MANAGEMENT ON THE NUMERATION SKILLS OF GRADE III STUDENTS
This study was motivated by the low multiplication numeracy skills of elementary school students due to learning practices that remain conventional and the minimal use of concrete instructional media. Based on theoretical studies, the Problem Based Learning model, concrete manipulative media, and effective classroom management can improve students’ conceptual understanding and learning engagement. This study aimed to determine the effect of implementing the Problem Based Learning model assisted by KOBELKA media and classroom management on students’ multiplication numeracy skills. This research employed a quantitative experimental approach with a quasi-experimental design in the form of a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The study was conducted at SD Negeri Bringin 01 (experimental class) and SD Negeri Bringin 02 (control class). Data collection techniques included tests (pretest-posttest), observation, and documentation. The research instrument consisted of multiple-choice questions that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis included descriptive tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, N-Gain analysis, and hypothesis testing using the Wilcoxon test, paired sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U Test. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control classes (sig. < 0.05), with a higher improvement in numeracy skills in the experimental class. Therefore, the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by KOBELKA media and classroom management had a significant effect on improving students’ multiplication numeracy skills.
PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF USING VIDEO AND PHOTOVOICE FOR REFLECTION IN MICROTEACHING
This study explored prospective teachers’ experiences using reflective practice tools: video and photovoice. Five prospective students comprising two males and three females aged between 21-24 voluntarily participated in the present study. All participating students were required to submit eight reflective journals mediated by video of their teaching and eight photovoice-based reflective journals during microteaching. At the end, multiple informal interviews were held to investigate participating students’ experiences of their reflection through video and photovoice. The findings of the study showed that the prospective teachers generally perceived photovoice-based reflection more fruitful than video stimulated reflection. Timing, specificity, and simplicity were the major reasons of preference.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A DIGITAL SCHOOL PROGRAM IN STRENGTHENING STUDENTS’ CHARACTER AND COMPETENCE: A CASE STUDY AT MUHAMMADIYAH 5 RANDUBLATUNG JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
The rapid advancement of digital technology has encouraged schools to adopt innovative programs aimed not only at improving academic achievement but also at fostering students’ character and competencies. This study investigates the effectiveness of a Special Digital Program implemented at Muhammadiyah 5 Randublatung Junior High School in strengthening students’ character and twenty-first-century competencies. A qualitative case study approach was employed to obtain an in-depth understanding of program outcomes within its natural context. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with school leaders and teachers, and analysis of institutional documents. The findings reveal that the program effectively promotes positive character traits, including discipline, responsibility, ethical awareness, and collaborative attitudes, particularly in digital learning environments. In addition, students demonstrate significant improvement in competencies such as digital literacy, critical thinking, creativity, communication, and problem-solving skills. The program’s effectiveness is supported by strong leadership commitment, teachers’ readiness to integrate technology into instruction, and an adaptive school culture. Overall, the program functions as an integrative educational strategy that simultaneously develops moral values and essential competencies, highlighting the potential of school-based digital initiatives to support holistic student development.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AS AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION IN DEVELOPING EDUCATIONAL QUALITY
This study aims to explore the role of social institutions as agents of socialization in developing educational quality. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The qualitative approach was chosen to deeply understand social phenomena related to the role of social institutions as socialization agents in developing educational quality. Through this approach, researchers can explore comprehensive information regarding processes, roles, and interactions within the social environment affecting education. The descriptive approach provides systematic, factual, and accurate descriptions of field conditions, focusing not only on outcomes but also on how social institutions perform their roles in the socialization of educational values. This research was conducted in communities connected with educational institutions, including schools, families, and surrounding communities. The research location was selected purposively considering active interactions among social institutions. The research subjects include parents, teachers, community leaders, religious leaders, and students, while the research object is the role of social institutions as agents of socialization in developing educational quality, including their roles, contributions, and challenges. The results indicate that improving educational quality cannot be carried out partially but must involve various social institutions in an integrated manner. Quality education is education that integrates cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects through support from a conducive social environment. Thus, social institutions do not only function as complementary elements but also as main components in the educational system. Strengthening the role of social institutions has an impact on improving the quality of competitive and character-driven human resources.
TEACHER MISCONCEPTIONS IN DEEP LEARNING ORIENTED INSTRUCTION AND THEIR REMEDIATION THROUGH INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES AND COLLABORATIVE MENTORING
This study is grounded in the persistent presence of pedagogical misconceptions among teachers in implementing deep learning–oriented instruction, which leads to inaccuracies in both instructional design and classroom practice. These misconceptions extend beyond technical issues and reflect deeper conceptual misunderstandings, particularly in relation to learning principles, learning experiences, instructional syntax, and the integration of digital technologies. This study aims to identify the forms of teachers’ pedagogical misconceptions and to examine how these can be addressed through instructional modules and collaborative mentoring. A qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using an interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that teachers’ pedagogical misconceptions are structural in nature and manifest across multiple dimensions of instruction. Teachers tend to conflate learning principles with learning activities, interpret learning experiences merely as sequences of tasks, organize instructional syntax in a fragmented manner, and utilize digital technology in a predominantly instrumental way. The intervention, implemented through instructional modules and collaborative mentoring, demonstrates a gradual yet transformative improvement in teachers’ pedagogical understanding. This study concludes that addressing pedagogical misconceptions requires an integrated approach that combines conceptual reinforcement with reflective processes facilitated through collaborative mentoring.
STUDENTS’ SPIRITUALITY CRISIS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE DOMINANCE OF COGNITIVE APPROACHES IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION LEARNING
This article examines the crisis of student spirituality in the digital era through a critical reading of cognitive dominance in Islamic Religious Education learning. The study was compiled from the fact that increasing access to religious knowledge does not always go hand in hand with the formation of students’ inner awareness. The research uses a qualitative study based on literature studies with a critical conceptual analysis of the works of Paulo Freire, Thomas Lickona, and Al-Ghazali, accompanied by journal articles that discuss religious learning, character education, critical pedagogy, and student spirituality. The analysis was carried out through the identification of theoretical categories, comparative reading of the latest literature, and then interpretive synthesis. The results of the study show that the dominance of learning based on material mastery produces inequality between moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral action. Students know religious values verbally, but affective attachment to these values develops unevenly. The digital space expands access to religious materials, but knowledge is often received in fragments. Freire pointed out that one-way learning relationships still persist in religious learning. Lickona explained that moral knowledge has not automatically turned into moral action. Al-Ghazali emphasized that knowledge must move to the territory of tazkiyat al-nafs. This article offers a synthesis of reflective pedagogy as a direction for the renewal of religious learning.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AL-JAWARIH METHOD IN INSTILLING RELIGIOUS CHARACTER OF CHILDREN AGED 5-6 YEARS AT MADRASAH RAUDHATUL ATHFAL (RA) ALAM YA BUNAYYA BUNGO
This study aims to describe the implementation of the Al-Jawarih method in instilling the religious character of children aged 5–6 years in Madrasah Raudhatul Athfal Alam Ya Bunayya Bungo. The Al-Jawarih method is a learning approach that emphasizes understanding the Qur'an not only as reading, but as a guide to life that is practiced through the involvement of all limbs (jawarih). This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and field notes. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Al-Jawarih method is carried out through four main components, namely habituation of routine activities, habituation of spontaneous activities, programmatic activities, and teacher examples. The process of instilling religious values takes place through the stages of knowing, feeling, understanding, and gratitude, which is then manifested in daily behavior. Learning activities are associated with children's direct experiences, such as outing activities (tadabur alam), MABIT (night of faith and piety) and green labs, so that children are able to connect verses of the Qur'an with the reality of life. The findings of the study show that there is a change in children's behavior that is more polite, honest, and caring, an increase in religious habits such as praying, saying greetings, and reading the Qur'an, as well as developing independence in carrying out simple worship. In addition, the role of teachers as role models and support for the school and family environment is an important factor in the success of cultivating religious character. Thus, the Al-Jawarih method has proven effective in instilling the religious character of early childhood holistically through the integration of learning, habituation, and hands-on experience.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE QUICK WINS PRESISI PROGRAM AT THE NORTH TAPANULI POLICE DEPARTMENT TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY SECURITY
This research to understand the implementation of the Quick Wins Presisi program at the North Tapanuli Police Department in enhancing community security through a qualitative approach using descriptive methods and a socio-legal perspective. The research explores the implementation process of the program, the obstacles and challenges encountered, as well as the community’s responses to the policing policy. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation involving police officers, community leaders, and local government officials. Meanwhile, secondary data were gathered from official documents, regulations, and relevant academic literature. Data analysis was conducted using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, including data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, which was validated through source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that the implementation of the Quick Wins Presisi program at the North Tapanuli Police Department has positively contributed to increasing public trust and reducing crime rates in several areas, although it still faces challenges such as limited resources, inter-agency coordination, and social resistance. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the dynamics of police policy implementation at the regional level and offers strategic recommendations for strengthening the program based on participatory and socially responsive approaches.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROPHETIC RHYME WRITING TEACHING MODULES WITH INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR GRADE X VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS
The curriculum must keep up with the times to meet the evolving needs of society. Responsive curriculum development poses challenging problems for curriculum designers in vocational education and other higher professions, although as such there is little study on this topic. This research focuses on how the process of developing a responsive curriculum for vocational education, and other higher professions based on the results of a literature review methods with data sources consisting of a collection of twenty-six articles that are putated with process of gathering and arranging information or data from multiple sources is referred to as data collection identifying six supporting components of the responsive curriculum development process: (1) Vision of Education and Learning, (2) Continuous and iterative curriculum development process, (3) Collaboration, (4) involving all contributors, (5) The presence of favorable environmental factors and circumstances, and (6) Representatives of the institution. The importance of paying equal attention to each of these aspects is the main focus. By integrating these components, curriculum creators can design adaptable programs that are efficacious across the whole learning process. This strategy necessitates a shift in mentality and heightened exertion from all tiers of educational establishments, but ultimately results in a curriculum that is more comprehensive and adaptable.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AS A SOCIAL SPACE AND TRAVEL DECISION MAKING OF GENERATION Z IN BENGKULU CITY
Social media has evolved into a digital social space that enables Generation Z to interact, construct identities, and exchange meanings through visual content and online communication. This study aims to analyze the relationship between social media as a social space and the travel decision-making of Generation Z in Bengkulu City. The research employed a quantitative method with a correlational approach, involving 384 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, linearity testing, and Pearson correlation. The findings indicate a positive tendency in how Generation Z utilizes social media as a social space, as well as in their travel decision-making processes. The Pearson correlation test produced a coefficient of r = 0.792 with p = 0.000, demonstrating a positive and significant relationship between the two variables. This implies that the greater the involvement and interaction experienced through social media, the stronger the tendency of Generation Z to form interest, preferences, and actual decisions to visit tourist destinations. These results confirm that social media functions not only as an informational medium but also as a dynamic arena of social interaction that shapes travel decisions through digital communication and information exchange within online communities.
IMPLEMENTATION OF HONESTY AND RESPONSIBILITY CHARACTER EDUCATION THROUGH THE HONESTY CANTEEN PROGRAM
The honesty canteen is one of the character education program initiatives in schools. This study aims to analyze the implementation of honesty and responsibility character education through the honesty canteen program. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The sample in this study were teachers, students, and the principal of State Elementary School 2 Lumbungkerep. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman method starting from the data collection, reduction, and presentation stages. Based on the results of the study, the honesty canteen can be implemented effectively and can foster and improve honesty and responsibility. The implication of this study is the need for synchronization between values ​​at school and rules at home to maintain the consistency of honesty and responsibility in students.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PLANT TISSUE CULTURE TEXTBOOK BASED ON PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TO ENHANCE THE SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS
This study aims to determine the feasibility of a Project-Based Learning (PjBL)-based Plant Tissue Culture textbook in improving the science process skills of biology students at Universitas Negeri Medan, based on evaluations from material experts and media experts. It also aims to identify the responses of lecturers and students toward the developed textbook and to assess its effectiveness in enhancing students’ science process skills in plant tissue culture material at Universitas Negeri Medan. The study was conducted from August to November 2024 in the Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Medan. The research employed the 4D development model, which includes the stages of define, design, develop, and disseminate. To measure the effectiveness of the developed textbook on students’ science process skills, the N-Gain test was used. The results showed that the feasibility of the PjBL-based plant tissue culture textbook in improving biology students’ science process skills, based on the assessment of material experts, obtained an average score of 76.66% (feasible), while the media experts gave an average score of 94.04% (highly feasible). The lecturers’ response reached an average percentage of 95% (highly feasible). The students’ responses were also very positive: the individual trial obtained 94.16%, the small group trial obtained 91.75%, and the large group trial obtained 90.92%, all categorized as highly feasible. Based on the N-Gain test results, the developed PjBL-based plant tissue culture textbook was found to be quite effective in improving the science process skills of biology students at Universitas Negeri Medan.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST THE CRIME OF THEFT WITH VIOLENCE CAUSING DEATH (STUDY ON LALAT POLICE)
This study aims to analyze law enforcement by the Langkat Police Resort (Polres) regarding the crime of theft with violence resulting in death. The research questions include: (1) what form of law enforcement is carried out by the Langkat Police Resort (Polres) regarding the crime of theft with violence resulting in death; (2) what factors hinder the law enforcement process; and (3) what efforts are made by the Langkat Police Resort (Polres) in overcoming the crime of theft with violence resulting in death. This study uses an empirical legal research methodology, namely research that positions law as a social phenomenon that can be observed through the behavior of law enforcement officers and community responses. The type of research used is field research, collecting primary data through in-depth interviews with investigators, Criminal Investigation Officers (NCOs), and relevant officials at the Langkat Police Resort, as well as secondary data in the form of laws and regulations and legal literature. The research is descriptive and analytical in nature, namely describing empirical facts regarding the law enforcement process and then analyzing them based on relevant legal theories and provisions.
THE DISRUPTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES IN THE DIGITAL ERA
The era of disruption has brought fundamental changes to the education system, including Social Studies learning in Indonesia. The rapid development of digital technology, increasingly complex social dynamics, and the demand for twenty-first-century competencies have positioned Social Studies as a strategic subject in fostering learners who are critical, adaptive, reflective, and socially responsible. This study aims to analyze the transformation of Social Studies learning in Indonesia in the digital era by highlighting instructional strategies, teacher readiness, curriculum adaptation, technology integration, and educational policy support. This research employs a literature review approach by examining various relevant scholarly publications published between 2022 and 2025. The findings indicate that the era of disruption has encouraged Social Studies learning to become more interactive, student-centered, contextual, project-based, and integrated with digital literacy. However, this transformation still faces several challenges, including infrastructure disparities, uneven teacher digital competencies, resistance to pedagogical change, and limited access to technology across different regions. On the other hand, the Merdeka Curriculum provides significant opportunities to strengthen Social Studies learning so that it becomes more flexible, relevant to both local and global contexts, and oriented toward the development of twenty-first-century competencies. This study confirms that strengthening Social Studies learning in the era of disruption requires synergy among teacher capacity building, pedagogical innovation, equitable digital infrastructure, and adaptive as well as inclusive education policies in order for learning transformation to take place effectively and sustainably.
IMPLEMENTATION OF VOCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN ENHANCING STUDENTS’ SKILLS IN GRAPHIC ENGINEERING AND CULINARY ARTS AT MADRASAH ALIYAH
This study aims to analyze the implementation of vocational programs in enhancing students’ skills in Graphic Engineering and Culinary Arts at Darul Ulum Islamic Senior High School (Madrasah Aliyah Darul Ulum) Purwogondo, Jepara. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research participants included the school principal, vice principal, vocational program teachers, students, and alumni, who were selected purposively. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and were analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was ensured through source and technique triangulation, as well as member checking. The findings indicate that the implementation of vocational programs has been carried out systematically through the stages of planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation, which are integrated into the school curriculum. Project-based and production-based learning effectively enhance both technical skills (hard skills) and non-technical skills (soft skills), such as discipline, teamwork, and self-confidence. The vocational programs also improve students’ work readiness and entrepreneurial mindset. The success of the program is supported by adaptive school leadership and the utilization of social capital, although challenges remain in terms of facilities and infrastructure.
METAPHYSICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND THEORETICAL STRUCTURES IN NATURAL SCIENCES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ANALYSIS OF THE ONTOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
assumptions underlying the theoretical structure of the Natural and Social Sciences (SPS), with a particular focus on the ontological foundations of both disciplines. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach referring to the PRISMA 2020 protocol. A systematic literature search was conducted through the Scopus, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis Online, PhilPapers, and MDPI databases, with a publication period of 2015–2026. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and book chapters that discuss metaphysical, ontological, epistemological, or methodological aspects of the natural and/or social sciences. A total of 29 key literatures were analyzed thematically using a narrative synthesis approach. The analysis revealed four main themes: (1) ontological assumptions in the natural sciences are characterized by metaphysical naturalism that emphasizes an orderly and observable external reality; (2) ontological assumptions in the social sciences exhibit greater diversity, encompassing critical realism that recognizes social structures as emergent, social constructivism, and an ontology of agency and structure; (3) ontological tensions between the natural and social sciences frequently arise in interdisciplinary research, particularly in the area of ​​sustainability, but critical realism and methodological pluralism are offered as potential resolutions; (4) an integrated naturalistic metaphysics (scientific metaphysics) is proposed as a framework that bridges scientific and social ontologies through a model-based approach and inference to the best explanation. The findings of this study provide a theoretical contribution to the development of social sciences as an interdisciplinary field, by offering a conceptual map of metaphysical assumptions that can facilitate more reflective and productive cross-disciplinary collaboration.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN PORTS TO ADDRESS OPERATIONAL DIGITALIZATION AND MODERN AUTOMATION IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT
This study is motivated by the rapid advancement of digitalization and automation in the port sector, which has significantly transformed operational systems and human resource management practices. These changes create challenges such as digital competency gaps, organizational resistance, and workforce restructuring. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and formulate effective human resource management (HRM) strategies to address operational digitalization and modern automation in ports within a global context. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, analyzing relevant academic sources through thematic analysis to identify key patterns and strategic insights. The findings reveal that effective HRM strategies include continuous digital competency development, the implementation of electronic HRM (e-HRM), structured change management, and the integration of technology with human capital. Furthermore, fostering a culture of continuous learning and strengthening collaboration among stakeholders are critical success factors in digital transformation. In conclusion, HRM plays a strategic role as a key driver in ensuring the successful adoption and sustainability of technological transformation in the port industry.
THE EFFECT OF THE E-COMIC-ASSISTED PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) MODEL ON STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING AND ARGUMENTATION SKILLS ON PETROLEUM MATERIALS
The background of this research is based on the low level of students' higher-order thinking skills, especially critical thinking and argumentation skills, due to the teacher-centered learning process and minimal use of interesting and contextual media. This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by e-comics on students' critical thinking and argumentation skills on petroleum material. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of an experimental class learning with the PBL model assisted by e-comics and a control class using conventional learning. The research instruments were critical thinking ability tests, argumentation ability tests, and observation sheets for teacher and student activities. The results showed that the application of the PBL model assisted by e-comics had a significant effect in improving students' critical thinking and argumentation skills compared to conventional learning. Students in the experimental class showed higher improvements in their ability to analyze, evaluate information, construct arguments, provide supporting evidence, and draw logical conclusions. E-comics media contributed to facilitating the understanding of abstract petroleum concepts through engaging narrative visualization. Thus, the e-comic-assisted PBL model is effective in improving students' critical thinking and argumentation skills on petroleum material.
GOOGLE SITES-BASED NUSANTARA STORYBOOKS INCREASE THE MOTIVATION TO STUDY IPAS FOR GRADE 3 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Learning is one-way lecture and student learning motivation is low. Therefore, learning improvements are implemented. The purpose of this study is to conduct classroom action research through the application of Google Sites-based Nusantara storybooks to increase student learning motivation. The implementation of the research is at SD N 3 Kekeran Bali with a research sample of 28 third-grade students. The classroom action research method with a pre-cycle, first cycle, and second cycle. The research instrument is a student learning motivation questionnaire. The results of the study showed an increase in the average student learning motivation from the first cycle with an average of 68 and classical completeness of 61% and the second cycle average to 85 and classical completeness to 93%. Therefore, it is concluded that the application of Google Sites-based Nusantara storybooks increases students' motivation to learn science, especially in the third grade of elementary school. Further research can develop media, insert models, or conduct experimental research with a wider sample.
NETIZENS' POLITENESS IN PRABOWO SUBIANTO'S INSTAGRAM COMMENT COLUMN "DURING A STATE VISIT TO QATAR" APRIL 13, 2025
This research is motivated by a survey published by Kompas.com which states that the level of politeness of Indonesian netizens is the worst in Southeast Asia. The writer wants to find out more about whether it is true that such a level of politeness is true. The problem in this study is how the politeness of netizens is contained in Prabowo Subianto's Instagram comment column. The purpose of this study is to explore and elaborate the politeness of netizens contained in Prabowo Subianto's Instagram comment column. Referring to the principle of Leech's politeness, this study uses a qualitative approach and content analysis method. The data in this study is in the form of all polite and impolite speech in Prabowo Subianto's Instagram comment column. In this study, the source of data is Prabowo Subianto's Instagram comment column on the post "During a State Visit to Qatar" The data collection technique is documentation, reading and recording techniques. The data analysis technique of this study uses the following Bungin content analysis techniques: Coding, data classification, analyzing and looking for relationships, and draft reports. Based on the results of the study, 80 data were obtained with the following details. The maxim of wisdom obtained 13 manners and 5 immodesties, the maxim of generosity obtained 7 manners and 0 immodesties, the maxim of praise obtained 17 manners and 0 immodesties, the maxim of humility obtained 5 manners and 7 immodesties, the maxim of agreement obtained 6 manners and 0 immodesty and the maxim of sympathy obtained 20 manners and 0 immodesties. Based on the details of the data above, it can be concluded that the politeness of netizens on Prabowo Subianto's Instagram is predominantly polite, it can be said to be polite because they appreciate and uphold respect for others, especially state leaders
THE VALUE OF THE NOTANGARA TRADITION AS A FORM OF SOCIAL CONTROL IN ADDRESSING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
The current phenomenon of juvenile delinquency in Palu City requires a restorative approach rooted in local values to complement formal legal mechanisms. This study aims to explore the values of the Notangara tradition within the Kaili ethnic group’s culture as a mechanism of social control. The primary focus of this study is to analyze how this tradition plays a role in reconstructing the character of adolescents through the principles of deliberation and kinship. This study employs a qualitative approach. Data were collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews with informants comprising traditional leaders, parents, and involved adolescents. Data analysis was conducted by referring to Travis Hirschi’s theory of social control, which encompasses four elements of social bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. The research findings indicate that the Notangara tradition is effective in restoring social relationships fractured by adolescent delinquency. The traditional mediation process is able to rebuild adolescents’ attachment to their families and the community without resorting to stigmatization. The existence of traditional sanctions and a written statement reinforces adolescents’ commitment to adhering to social norms. Furthermore, this tradition integrates local moral values that reinforce individuals’ beliefs in behavior standards accepted by the community. The Notangara tradition is not merely a process of conflict resolution, but rather a form of preventive and curative social control rooted in local wisdom. The integration of Notangara values into guidance and counseling practices offers alternative intervention strategies for addressing deviant behavior. This study concludes that strengthening cultural identity through local traditions has a significant impact on the behavioral stability of adolescents amid the challenges of modernity.
THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUES IN CIVIC EDUCATION LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY IN THE PANCASILA AND CIVIC EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM, FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION, PASUNDAN UNIVERSITY, BANDUNG
Higher education has a strategic role in forming a young generation that is not only intellectually smart but also has responsibility as citizens. However, a significant gap between civic knowledge and civic disposition exists, characterized by declining social participation and individualistic attitudes among students. This study aims to analyze the influence of Panca Waluya local wisdom values—comprising cageur (healthy), bageur (good), bener (true), pinter (smart), and singer (skilled)—integrated into Civic Education (PKn) learning on the civic responsibility of students at Universitas Pasundan. Employing a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey and associative method, data were collected from students in the Pancasila and Civic Education Study Program using a five-level Likert scale questionnaire. Analysis through simple linear regression via SPSS 27 indicates that the instrument is valid and reliable, and all parametric prerequisites, including normality, linearity, and multicollinearity, were satisfied. The results reveal a significant positive effect $p < 0.05. The coefficient of determination of 0.758 demonstrates that local wisdom values contribute 75.8% to strengthening student civic responsibility. The research concludes that the internalization of Sundanese cultural philosophies, such as Silih-Asih, Silih-Asah, and Silih-Asuh, effectively transforms abstract Pancasila values into tangible social actions. This culture-based pedagogical model provides a vital framework for higher education institutions to develop graduates who are academically competent, ethically grounded, and deeply committed to addressing public interests..
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA TERHADAP ANAK DALAM PELANGGARAN LALULINTAS YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEMATIAN (STUDI DI POLRES TAPANULI TENGAH)
This study examines criminal liability for minors involved in fatal traffic accidents, analyzes the sanctions and legal application imposed on child offenders, and identifies obstacles and solutions in resolving such cases. The research employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on library research through secondary data, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Qualitative data analysis is applied by interpreting statutory regulations and relevant legal doctrines to address the research problems. The findings indicate that criminal liability for children who cause death in traffic accidents is determined based on age, in accordance with the Juvenile Criminal Justice System under Law No. 11 of 2012. Sanctions are imposed with consideration of the child’s age, particularly for those over 14 years old. In the case occurring in Tapanuli Tengah, the matter was resolved amicably through restorative settlement between the families involved.
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ON GITA WIRJAWAN'S YOUTUBE ACCOUNT: IS IT POSSIBLE TO MERITOCRACY IN THE MIDST OF MEDIOCRACY WITH ROCKY GERUNG AND TOM LEMBONG
THE INFLUENCE OF PROMOTION, WORD-OF MOUTH, AND BRAND IMAGE ON CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISIONS: A STUDY OF KOPI SOE MEDAN
This study aims to analyze the influence of promotion, word of mouth, and brand image on consumer purchase decisions at Kopi Soe Medan. The research employs a quantitative approach using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to 160 respondents. Data analysis is conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of statistical software, including classical assumption tests, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that partially, promotion, word of mouth, and brand image each have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Simultaneously, all independent variables also have a significant effect on purchase decisions, indicating that the model is statistically valid. Among the variables, brand image has the strongest influence, followed by word of mouth and promotion. The coefficient of determination indicates that the model explains a moderate proportion of the variation in purchase decisions, while the remaining variance is influenced by other factors. These findings suggest that strengthening brand image, optimizing promotional strategies, and encouraging positive word of mouth are essential for improving consumer purchase decisions. Therefore, an integrated marketing strategy is necessary for businesses to remain competitive in the coffee shop industry.
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS AND HUMAN RESOURCE READINESS OF INDONESIA'S YOUNG GENERATION
This article examines Indonesia’s demographic dividend and the readiness of its young human resources by focusing on the availability of formal employment and the alignment between higher education graduates and labor market demand. The study applies a descriptive qualitative approach based on a systematic literature review, secondary data, and SWOT analysis. Data were drawn from publications of Statistics Indonesia, higher education policy documents, and scholarly literature related to demographic dividend, employment, and education. The findings show that Indonesia has strong demographic capital through its large productive age population and massive higher education enrollment, yet its potential remains constrained by educated unemployment, unequal access to formal jobs, and mismatch between educational attainment and labor market needs. Labor data in 2025 indicate that graduates from vocational secondary schools and universities still face relatively high unemployment, while formal employment opportunities remain concentrated in urban areas and specific social groups. This condition suggests that the demographic dividend does not automatically translate into economic gains. Strengthening the link and match between higher education, skill development, and the needs of industry and business sectors is therefore essential. In conclusion, the successful utilization of Indonesia’s demographic dividend depends on the state’s ability to create formal, relevant, inclusive, and sustainable jobs for young people in support of Golden Indonesia 2045.
INTEGRATION OF MODELING TECHNIQUES BASED ON THE LOCAL WISDOM OF TUDANG SIPULUNG IN GROUP COUNSELING TO IMPROVE STUDENT DISCIPLINE
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of integrating modeling techniques based on the local wisdom of Tudang Sipulung in group counseling to improve students’ discipline at SMK Negeri 5 Palu. The research used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The participants consisted of 60 eleventh-grade students selected through purposive sampling and divided into an experimental group and a control group. Data were collected using a student discipline questionnaire that had been validated through expert judgment and empirical testing. The experimental group received group counseling services integrating modeling techniques with the cultural values of Tudang Sipulung, while the control group received conventional counseling services. The findings showed a significant increase in students’ discipline in the experimental group, with the mean score improving from 58.43 in the pre-test to 69.33 in the post-test, while the control group showed no significant improvement. Statistical analysis using the Paired Sample T-Test produced a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the intervention had a significant effect on improving student discipline. The N-Gain score of 76.5% also indicated that the intervention was effective. The study concludes that integrating local cultural values into behavioral counseling techniques can strengthen students’ self-awareness, social responsibility, and disciplinary behavior in school settings.
SHARPENING CRITICAL ECONOMIC THINKING: INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF CASE-BASED LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Critical thinking in economics constitutes an essential competence for undergraduates to engage with the complexities of contemporary economic dynamics. Yet, conventional lecturer-centred approaches often constrain students from attaining such skills, particularly their capacity to connect theoretical constructs with real-world socio-economic challenges. This study seeks to reposition economics pedagogy by examining the impact of Case-Based Learning (CBL) on the development of critical economic thinking (CET). Employing a quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control groups, the research involved 70 undergraduates in economics education at State University of Makassar, divided into experimental (CBL) and control (conventional) cohorts. Pre- and post-test assessments were administered using case-based instruments, and the data were subjected to validity and reliability checks, normality and homogeneity tests, and independent samples t-tests. The findings indicate that students exposed to CBL significantly outperformed their peers taught through traditional methods, particularly in applying theoretical concepts to authentic cases, engaging in evidence-based reasoning, and articulating the ethical and distributive implications of economic decisions. The study concludes that systematically embedding CBL into the economics curriculum is imperative for preparing graduates capable of navigating the complexities of contemporary economic realities.
SOCIAL INTERACTION IN BILINGUAL CHILDREN'S STORYBOOKS OF RIAU PROVINCE: A STUDY OF LITERARY SOCIOLOGY
This study aims to describe and analyze the representation of children's social interactions in three main environments—family, school, and community—contained in ten bilingual children's storybooks based on local Malay culture in Riau Province. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. Data in the form of language units in the form of dialogues, narratives, and actions of characters that represent children's social interactions. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation studies with reading and recording techniques, while data analysis is carried out through reduction, classification, interpretation, and drawing conclusions contextually from the perspective of literary sociology.Based on the results of a study on ten children's storybooks based on Malay local culture, it can be concluded that the most dominant representation of children's social interaction takes place in the community environment (26 data), followed by the family environment (17 data), while the school setting is not explicitly found (0 data). Quantitatively, the forms of social interaction found included: cooperation (9 data) as the most dominant pattern, accommodation (4 data), competition (1 data), and opposition (4 data), while assimilation (0 data) and contravention (0 data) were not found explicitly. The dominance of cooperation shows the strong value of mutual cooperation, solidarity, and collective responsibility in Malay culture. Accommodation serves as an educational conflict resolution mechanism, while competition and conflict are present in a limited degree and always end with reconciliation or moral learning. Thus, the social interactions in these books represent an integrative and normative social structure. Conflict is not directed at social disorganization, but rather as a means of internalizing character values such as responsibility, discipline, care, and ecological awareness. This representation emphasizes that character education in children's literature based on Riau Malay local culture is built through harmonious social dynamics, deliberation, and togetherness Based on this, it is suggested that the development of children's literature based on local culture still maintains the strength of the representation of collectivity and deliberation values, but begins to present school spaces in a more proportional manner as part of the character education ecosystem.
THE EFFECT OF THE TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS' COLLABORATION SKILLS IN GEOGRAPHY SUBJECTS AT SMA NEGERI 10 PEKANBARU
This study aims to determine the Influence of the Team Games Tournament Learning Model on Students' Collaboration Ability in Geography Subjects. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Quasi Experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study is grade XI students consisting of 4 classes. The sampling technique used Cluster Sampling, with class XI.4 as the control class and class XI.3 as the experimental class by providing the treatment of the Team Games Tournament learning model. Data collection was carried out by pre test and post test to see students' collaboration skills, complemented by observation and documentation. The data analysis in this study used parametric statistics with the T-Test test. The results of this study show that the Team Games Tournament learning model affects students' collaboration skills in the geography subject of Disaster Mitigation and Adaptation. The average increase in students' collaboration ability (pre test and post test) results in the experimental class was higher than in the control class, with the average comparison of the collaboration ability of students in the experimental class of 56.50 increasing to 62.35 with a percentage increase of 5.85%. Meanwhile, the average control class score of 48.98 increased to 51.23 with a percentage increase of 2.25%. Based on the results of the t-test hypothesis, a Sig.(2-tailed) value of 0.000 is obtained, then according to the basis for decision-making in the Independent Sample T-Test, if the sig < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05) or ttable > ttable (5,518 > 1.664), if the ttable is > ttable, then Ho is rejected or Ha is accepted. Based on the explanation above, it can be seen that there is a significant influence of the Team Game Tournament learning model on students' collaboration abilities in Geography subjects at SMA Negeri 10 Pekanbaru.
RECONSTRUCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY DOCTRINE IN THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCE ECOSYSTEM IN INDONESIA: ANALYSIS OF NORMS' VAPOR, REINTERPRETATION OF MENS REA AND HYBRID LIABILITY MODEL BASED ON SUBTANTIVE JUSTICE
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the nature of crime from individual-based actions into complex and multi-actor systems, posing significant challenges to Indonesian criminal law. This study aims to analyze the normative gap in criminal liability for AI-based crimes, reinterpret the concept of mens rea , and formulate an adaptive liability model through the Hybrid Criminal Liability approach. This research employs normative legal methods with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that existing legal frameworks, including the Criminal Code, Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to the ITE Law, and Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, are insufficient to address the autonomous and distributed nature of AI-based crimes. This normative gap leads to legal uncertainty, potential impunity, and inadequate victim protection. This study proposes a Hybrid Criminal Liability model that integrates the responsibilities of developers, operators, and users proportionally based on their roles, while also reinterpreting men's reasons through an expanded notion of fault encompassing both intent and systemic negligence. Comparative analysis with the EU Artificial Intelligence Act indicates a global shift toward risk-based, multi-actor liability frameworks. The contribution of this research lies in offering an adaptive, progressive, and substantively just criminal liability doctrine to address AI-driven crimes in Indonesia. KEYWORDS: Artificial Intelligence, Criminal Liability, Mens Rea, Normative Gap, Hybrid Criminal Liability
DEVELOPMENT OF WORDWALL GAMES TO IMPROVE LITERACY AND NUMERACY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD 5-7 YEARS OLD
Literacy and numeracy skills are the main foundation for early childhood education, which plays a role in preparation for the next level of education. The purpose of this research is to develop educational games based on digital technology such as wordwall to improve early childhood literacy and numeracy skills. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method using a development research design based on the ADDIE model. The trials in this study were carried out in two ways, namely media expert trials and material trials at Khalifah Kindergarten, Jati Agung South Lampung. The results of the study indicate that the effectiveness of wordwall based educational games in improving literacy and numeracy skills among young children stems from the fact that this medium offers interactive, visual, and game based learning that aligns with children’s learning characteristics. These findings suggest that the use of interactive digital learning media not only enhances learning outcomes but also creates meaningful learning experiences tailored to the developmental stages of young children. The results theoretically, this study reinforces the concept of digital game-based learning in early childhood education, while practically, it offers an innovative alternative for teachers to enhance the quality of learning, making it more active, enjoyable, and meaningful.
BEYOND TOLERANCE AND MODERATION: FRIENDSHIP AS RELATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY FOR PUBLIC THEOLOGY IN PLURAL INDONESIA
This paper reinvents the idea of public theology within the Indonesian context by developing friendship as a relational, epistemic, and praxis-based category instead of defining public theology as institutional speech, commentary of policy, or moral intervention. The research begins at a threefold distance. To begin with, influential public theology scholarship has eloquently elucidated the public work of theology, but has favored discourse, civil society, and institutional ethics to thick descriptions of interpersonal relationality. Second, the recent discussions in Indonesia have fruitfully engaged friendship as a leading grammar of public theological engagement across religious difference but have failed to develop friendship as a leading grammar of nationalism, polarization, religious moderation, and contextual theology. Third, the readings of John 4 have frequently been focused on mission, gender or interfaith dialogue, but have seldom been incorporated into a constructive model of public theology in plural societies. The article has a qualitative, constructive theological design, which implies the combination of literature-based analysis of the key debates in the field of public theology and contextual theology with the contextual hermeneutical analysis of the text of John 4:5-26, with reference to John 4:42 where necessary. This article posits that friendship must be conceptualized in three interrelated ways, as relational epistemology, that friendship imparts humility, reciprocity and solidarity; and as public praxis, that friendship establishes joint spaces and collaborative working areas without obliterating theological difference. It is argued that an effective Indonesian public theology should transcend a thin politics of tolerance to a thicker form of friendship that is dialogical, cross-boundary and publicly accountable. By doing this, the article adds to the transferable framework of global public theology in plural societies but is still grounded in Indonesian realities.
HYBRIDIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL CURRICULA: CRITICAL REFLECTION THROUGH THE THOUGHT OF PAULO FREIRE
This article discusses how schools in Indonesia combine international and national curricula. This study was conducted through the systematic literature review (SLR) method which was analyzed using Paulo Freire's critical pedagogy framework. Based on 18 articles that have met the inclusion criteria, the adoption of international curricula, such as Cambridge or the International Islamic Boarding School (IIBS) is carried out by adjustment and negotiation that combines global standards with local cultural values, religion, and national identity based on Pancasila. The findings show that there is a pedagogical shift from traditional models to collaborative learning that is dialogical, project-based, and the use of technology, thus opening up the space for co-creation of knowledge as stated by Freire. This study confirms that curriculum hybridization can be a means of humanization when global and local knowledge can be placed equally and equitably. However, the implementation of the hybrid curriculum poses challenges in the form of access inequality due to differences in economic ability, geographical location, and school characteristics. The study also emphasizes the importance of education policies that ensure equitable distribution of service quality, strengthening teacher competencies, and curriculum design that allows for reflective dialogue between global contexts and cultural values and national identity.
ONLINE RUQYAH AS A SOURCE OF NON FORMAL RELIGIOUS LEARNING: A SOSIOEDUCATIONAL ANALYSIS
The rapid expansion of digital media has transformed religious communication, enabling spiritual guidance to be accessed beyond formal educational settings. This study examines online ruqyah as a source of nonformal religious learning and explores its socioeducational implications for participants’ religious literacy. Using a descriptive qualitative approach within an interpretative paradigm, the research analyzes eleven ruqyah sessions conducted by Jam’iyyah Ruqyah Ahlussunah Waljamaah (JRA) on the Ruqyah Aswaja TV YouTube channel. Data were collected through documentation and non-participant observation, followed by verbatim transcription and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that online ruqyah sessions function as multidimensional learning environments where religious knowledge, practices, and values are transmitted through ritual-based interaction mediated by digital technology. Participants develop theological understanding, practical religious skills, emotional engagement, and reflective awareness through guided participation and repeated exposure. The accessibility of YouTube supports voluntary and self-directed learning while fostering virtual religious communities. From a socioeducational perspective, online ruqyah integrates spiritual healing with religious education, demonstrating the potential of digital platforms to enhance religious literacy and spiritual well-being in contemporary Muslim societies.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PKWT FOR BANYUWANGI MARITIME ACADEMY CADETS (AKABA) IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EID HOMECOMING TRANSPORTATION AT KETAPANG PORT, BANYUWANGI - GILIMANUK, BALI
Sea transportation plays a strategic role in supporting mobility in Indonesia, especially during the Lebaran homecoming period, which is marked by a significant increase in passenger and vehicle flows. The Ketapang–Gilimanuk crossing route is one of the busiest corridors during this period. To support operational services, maritime cadets from institutions such as Akademi Kelautan Banyuwangi (AKABA) are often involved. Their participation can be carried out through a fixed-term employment agreement (Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu / PKWT), as regulated in Indonesian labor law. This study aims to analyze the legal implementation of PKWT for AKABA cadets in Lebaran transportation operations and to examine the forms of legal protection provided. The research uses a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that the application of PKWT for cadets is legally permissible as long as it complies with regulations, particularly for temporary or seasonal work. However, its implementation must also ensure legal protection, work safety, and clarity of employment status to prevent violations of cadets’ rights as both workers and students. Therefore, clearer regulations and stronger coordination between educational institutions, transport operators, and related stakeholders are needed to ensure legal certainty and protection for cadets involved in Lebaran transportation activities.
DEVELOPMENT OF IPAS INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA USING AUGMENTED REALITY TO IMPROVE THE UNDERSTANDING OF GRADE V ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
The low level of students’ understanding of the Human Respiratory System material and the limited availability of learning media capable of visualizing abstract respiratory organs form the background of this study. The objectives of this research are: (1) to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based science learning media on the human respiratory system material; (2) to analyze the validity of the AR-based learning media; (3) to examine the practicality of the AR-based learning media; (4) to test the effectiveness of the AR-based learning media in improving students’ learning outcomes; and (5) to analyze the differences in learning outcomes between the use of AR-based media and expository learning. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model comprising five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects were 26 experimental class students and 28 control class students. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, questionnaires, expert validation, and learning outcome tests (pretest and posttest). Data analysis used descriptive statistics, N-Gain Score analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U Test. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation. Results showed media expert validation of 4.8 (Very Good) and content expert validation of 4.6 (Very Good); teacher response 4.6 (Very Good) and student response 3.45 (Very Good). The experimental class mean posttest score (90.65) exceeded the control class (87.93). N-Gain Score analysis showed that the experimental class mean N-Gain of 75.53 (High category) exceeded the control class mean of 57.12 (Medium category), demonstrating that the interactive AR-based IPAS learning media is more effective in improving student understanding
ZAKAT FITRAH DISTRIBUTION THROUGH THE LENS OF ZAKAT MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF ZAKAT FITRAH DISTRIBUTION AT MASJID ANSARIAH SEBAKUNG
This study aims to examine the mechanism of zakat fitrah distribution at Masjid Ansariah Sebakung and to analyze the extent to which the distribution practice aligns with the ideal principles of zakat management. This research employed a qualitative approach with a single case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with mosque administrators, direct observation of the distribution process, and documentation review of zakat records. Data analysis followed the interactive model proposed by Miles et al., encompassing data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source triangulation. The findings reveal that the distribution mechanism operates through structured stages, including committee formation, collection, recording, beneficiary identification, and timely disbursement prior to Eid prayer, supported by strong social capital within the community. However, the practice has not fully met the ideal standards of zakat management, particularly in terms of formal accountability reporting, standardized beneficiary verification, and measurable impact evaluation. This study concludes that technical success in zakat distribution does not automatically reflect comprehensive zakat management, and that context-sensitive operational guidelines for mosque-based zakat institutions are urgently needed. These findings carry significant implications for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 1 on poverty eradication and SDG 10 on reduced inequalities.
THE USE OF VISUAL MEDIA AS A SOURCE FOR DEMOCRATIC LEARNING IN CIVICS EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN BUNTA SUBDISTRICT BANGGAI REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the use of visual media as a learning resource in Civic Education (PPKn) instruction in elementary schools and to examine its implications for learning interaction patterns and student engagement in fostering democratic learning. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation at five elementary schools in Bunta Subdistrict. Informants included school principals, teachers, and students. Data analysis utilized the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model with source triangulation and. The results indicate that visual media have been consistently used and are effective in enhancing students’ attention and initial understanding. However, their utilization remains instrumental, serving primarily as a tool for conveying information. Learning interaction patterns remain teacher-dominated, so student engagement has not yet evolved into active, dialogic, and reflective participation in Civic Education (PPKn) learning.The novelty of this study lies in the reconstruction of the role of visual media as a source of democratic learning, not merely as a visual aid. This study develops the perspective that visual media can function as a catalyst for interaction, reflection on values, and the formation of students’ civic experiences in Civic Education (PPKn) learning in elementary schools
DECONSTRUCTING ACADEMIC BOUNDARIES: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
This multidisciplinary comparative study examines the academic boundaries between Islamic educational management and general educational management, exploring their philosophical foundations, methodological approaches, and practical implications. Through systematic analysis of 189 scholarly works, this research employs a comparative multidisciplinary framework to deconstruct traditional disciplinary boundaries and identify convergence and divergence points between these two management systems. The findings reveal that while both systems share fundamental management principles planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling they diverge significantly in their epistemological foundations, value systems, and ultimate educational objectives. Islamic educational management integrates divine revelation (Al-Qur'an and Hadith) with management science, emphasizing spiritual development alongside cognitive achievement, whereas general educational management operates within secular, empiricist frameworks prioritizing vocational skills and economic productivity. However, emerging trends indicate potential for integration through shared concerns for holistic human development, quality improvement, and ethical leadership. The study identifies five key areas of substantial difference: educational purpose, philosophical foundations, curriculum management, student development approaches, and institutional governance. This research contributes to ongoing discourse on educational integration by proposing a multilayered model that respects distinctive characteristics while fostering interdisciplinary dialogue. The implications extend to policy development, curriculum design, and leadership training in diverse educational contexts, particularly in pluralistic societies managing both Islamic and secular educational institutions.
FEASIBILITY OF ANIMATION LEARNING MEDIA USING ADOBE ANIMATE IN CHILD DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING SUBJECTS
This is an open The understanding of child developmental psychology is crucial for the pedagogical competence of elementary school teachers; however, the reality on the ground shows that teachers’ access to practical, interactive learning materials that support self-directed learning remains limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of using Adobe Animate animation media in child developmental psychology training courses to enhance pedagogical competence as a self-directed learning tool for elementary school teachers. This study is a Research and Development (R&D) project. The development procedure for this learning media consists of five stages: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. The results of this study, as assessed for media feasibility, indicate that the media expert scored it at 227 (very high/A category), the language expert at 59 (very high/A category), the content expert at 64 (very high/A category), and the instructor scored the visual aspect at 44 (very high/A category) and 53 for content (very high/A category). A limited group of trainees scored 212 for presentation (very high/A category) and 259 for content (very high/A category), while a broader group of trainees scored 427 for presentation (very high/A category) and 517 for content (very high/A category)
THE PROBLEMATICS OF INDONESIAN EDUCATION IN A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Education is one of the main pillars in the development of a nation, as it plays a crucial role in improving the quality of human resources. However, in the context of Indonesia, the education system still faces various complex and multidimensional problems. These issues are not only related to academic aspects or educational policies, but are also influenced by various social, economic, and cultural factors that develop within society. This article aims to analyze the problems of education in Indonesia from the perspective of the sociology of education by examining various social factors that affect the quality of and access to education. This study employs a qualitative research method with a library research approach. The data collection technique used in this research is a literature study, which involves reading, reviewing, and analyzing various references, such as books on the sociology of education and collections of scientific journals related to educational problems in Indonesia from a sociological perspective. The results of the study indicate a significant disparity in access to and quality of education between urban and rural areas. In addition, family economic factors, social conditions of the community, and limitations in educational infrastructure also influence the success of the educational process. From a sociological perspective, education cannot be separated from the social dynamics that develop within society. Therefore, efforts to improve the quality of education in Indonesia require a comprehensive approach that takes into account various influencing social factors. This study is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of educational issues and to serve as a basis for more inclusive and equitable educational policy-making.
AGRARIAN CONFLICT IN STATE-OWNED PLANTATION (A STUDY OF AGRARIAN CONFLICT IN MEKAR JAYA VILLAGE, LANGKAT REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE)
This study aims to analyze agrarian conflicts in state-owned plantations, specifically in Mekar Jaya Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. North Sumatra is one of the provinces with the highest number of agrarian conflicts in Indonesia. Agrarian conflicts are a serious and urgent issue because it affects stakeholders’ social, economic and cultural lives. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach and focuses on the government’s role in handling the conflict through policy, both at the level of regulation and implementation. In addition, this study also relates the case to the theory of land grabbing, including examining the involvement of various stakeholders in it. The results of the study show that land grabbing in Mekar Jaya Village has triggered depeasantization. Furthermore, the dimension of agrarian conflict in the plantation sector is very complex because it involves many stakeholders. This study also found that despite the existence of conflict resolution mechanisms, these are not well implemented due to strong sectoral egos between government institutions. In conclusion, without a strong political commitment from the government to resolve agrarian conflicts, it will be difficult to resolve the agrarian conflict in Mekar Jaya Village.
THE EFFECT OF INTERACTIVE DIGITAL MEDIA AND LEARNING MOTIVATION ON SOCIAL SCIENCE LEARNING OUTCOMES
This research is motivated by the low self-confidence of teachers in using interactive digital media which impacts on low motivation and learning outcomes of students in social studies. This study aims to determine the effect of interactive digital media and learning motivation on the learning outcomes of eighth grade students of SMPN 7 Buton, both simultaneously and partially. The study used a quantitative associative explanatory design approach. The research subjects were 147 students in grades VII and VIII. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and closed questionnaires to measure the level of motivation and understanding of interactive media. Data analysis used multiple linear regression and supported by qualitative analysis from the interview results. The results showed that interactive digital media and learning motivation had a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes, evidenced by the acquisition of a media coefficient value of 0.342 and motivation of 0.415. The t-test results showed a value of 8.143 for media and 9.222 for motivation with a significance level of 0.00 < 0.05. Thus, this study proves that the use of interactive digital media and learning motivation have a positive and significant effect on improving student learning outcomes. This is in line with the demands of 21st-century learning which emphasizes the use of technology, strengthening critical thinking skills, creativity, communication, and collaboration in learning.
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CHILD VICTIMS OF SEXUAL ABUSE (A STUDY AT MADINA POLICE DEPARTMENT)
This research examines legal protection for child victims of sexual abuse in the jurisdiction of the Mandailing Natal Police Department (Polres Mandailing Natal). The main focus of the research is to explore how legal procedures are implemented by the police in handling cases of child sexual abuse and to what extent legal protection is provided to the victims from juridical, social, and psychological perspectives. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive case study approach. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document study. The informants in this research consist of officers from the Women and Children Protection Unit (UPPA), legal advocates, and psychologists. The findings indicate that legal protection for child victims of sexual abuse at Polres Madina is based on applicable legal provisions, including the Child Protection Law and the Criminal Code, and is complemented by child-friendly procedures during the investigation process. However, the implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited human resources, suboptimal inter-agency coordination, and low public legal awareness. Other obstacles include socio-cultural factors that often hinder the reporting process and protection of victims. The conclusion of this study states that although legal protection for child victims of sexual abuse at Polres Madina has been procedurally implemented, its effectiveness still needs improvement. The study recommends enhancing the capacity of law enforcement officers, providing integrated services for victims, and strengthening legal education for the public to create a more responsive and just child protection system.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST THE CRIME OF COUNTERFEITING HERBAL MEDICINE (STUDY AT THE NORTH SUMATRA POLICE)
This thesis research is entitled Law Enforcement Against Criminal Acts of Herbal Medicine Counterfeiting (Study of North Sumatra Regional Police). The formulation of the problem is: What are the legal regulations for herbal medicine counterfeiting in legislation? What factors cause the occurrence of criminal acts of herbal medicine counterfeiting? How is law enforcement carried out by the North Sumatra Regional Police against perpetrators of herbal medicine counterfeiting? The research method used is normative juridical legal research, with a descriptive analytical research type. For the problem approach, a normative juridical approach is used. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results of the study show that the legal regulations for herbal medicine counterfeiting are the Minister of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2018 concerning Permits and Implementation of Traditional Herbal Medicine Health Worker Practices, Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health, and Government Regulation No. 103 of 2014 concerning Traditional Health Services. A factor contributing to the occurrence of counterfeit herbal medicine is the lenient penalties for perpetrators of counterfeiting herbal medicine, which has led to increased activity, particularly in counterfeiting herbal medicine. The North Sumatra Regional Police's law enforcement efforts against perpetrators of counterfeit herbal medicine involve conducting investigations and inquiries until the files are received by the Prosecutor's Office for trial.
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POSITION OF NOTARY REGARDING CONCURRENT POSITIONS AS LECTURER IN HIGHER EDUCATION
University or College is a place for people or communities who want to study at a higher level. In this University there are several teaching programs, namely Diploma, Bachelor, Master, Doctoral, Professional and Specialist Programs. In organizing education carried out by this University, it is divided into several faculties that carry out scientific and professional education in specific disciplines. Lecturers are educational staff who have special experience in a field of profession that they are pursuing, in teaching in the Postgraduate Notary Program, teachers or lecturers are needed who also hold positions as notaries. However, in practice, this has caused problems because in National law that concerning Notary Positions, a notary is prohibited from holding a position in a business entity, either state-owned or privately owned. This raises a conflict, on the one hand, this Notary is not allowed to hold a position in a business entity, but in terms of the world of education, especially in universities that have a law faculty and a postgraduate program majoring in law, lecturers or teachers who have expertise in the field of notaries are very much needed. However, based on several exceptions and positive laws that indirectly regulate this matter, Government Regulation Number 60 of 1999 concerning Higher Education regulates extraordinary Lecturers, Law Number 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, in the eyes of the law, notaries who become lecturers can hold the status of general notary officials and lecturers.
THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED LEARNING APPLICATIONS AND STUDENT ENGAGEMENT ON CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS AT MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 2 PEKANBARU
This study aims to analyze the influence of artificial intelligence-based learning applications and student engagement on students' creative thinking skills in the Al-Qur'an Hadith subject at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Pekanbaru, both partially and simultaneously. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group, involving an experimental group that utilized AI-based learning applications and a control group that relied on conventional textbooks. Data were collected through written tests to measure students' creative thinking skills and structured questionnaires to assess student engagement levels. The data were analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test and Two-Way ANOVA, with prerequisite tests including the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's Test for homogeneity of variance, and instrument validity and reliability testing. The results revealed that the use of AI-based learning applications had a significant effect on students' creative thinking skills, with a significance value of 0.000, a Mean Difference of 14.40 points, and a Partial Eta Squared of 0.339, which is classified as a large effect. Student engagement also demonstrated a significant effect, with a significance value of 0.000, a Mean Difference of 7.30 points, and a Partial Eta Squared of 0.296, likewise categorized as a large effect. Simultaneously, both variables accounted for 77.9% of the variance in students' creative thinking skills, as indicated by an R Squared value of 0.779. This study concludes that the synergy between AI-based learning applications and student engagement constitutes a proven and effective combination for enhancing students' creative thinking skills in a madrasah environment, while also making a meaningful contribution to the achievement of SDG 4 on quality education.
EFFECT OF STUDENT OPERATIONAL ASSISTANCE FUNDS (BOS) PERFORMANCE ON TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMS AND ENCOURAGING LEARNING IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
The Performance Student Operational Assistance Fund (BOS) is a form of government support in improving the quality of education, especially through strengthening teacher competence and learning quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between teacher training programs and encouraging learning. The type of research used is quantitative with a survey method. The research population is 14 schools that received BOS Performance in Cilongok District, with a sample of 3 schools, namely SDN 1 Pernasidi, SDN 2 Rancamaya, and SDN 2 Sokawera. The number of respondents was 29 people consisting of principals and teachers. The data collection technique used questionnaires, while data analysis used SPSS version 25 which included normality tests, homogeneity tests, and Pearson correlation tests. The results showed that the data were distributed normally and homogeneously, with the significance values of the normality test of 0.120 and 0.250 (> 0.05), respectively, and the homogeneity test of 0.416 (> 0.05). The results of the Pearson correlation test showed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.804 which was included in the strong category. This shows that teacher training programs have a positive and significant relationship with encouraging learning. Thus, the better the implementation of teacher training, the more the quality of interactive, interesting, and fun learning will also improve. The results of this study provide a scientific contribution in supporting the optimization of the use of the Performance BOS Fund as an effort to improve teacher competence and learning quality in elementary schools.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AMANAH AND ADAMUL GHARAR PRINCIPLES IN ONLINE TRADING PRACTICES AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN RANAI CITY
This study aims to examine the implementation of the principles of amanah (trustworthiness) and adamul gharar (absence of uncertainty) in online trading practices among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ranai City, as well as to identify the underlying factors that shape such practices amid the limited theoretical understanding of Islamic economics among the business actors. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, utilizing in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation as data collection techniques. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model proposed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, while data validity was assessed through the criteria established by Lincoln and Guba. The findings reveal that the principles of amanah and adamul gharar have been factually manifested through honest product presentation, transparent transactional communication, and consistency between digital information and the actual condition of goods. These practices are not grounded in formal muamalah literacy, but rather emerge organically from strong local community social bonds, cultural internalization of religious values, digital market reputation pressure, and the normative influence of informal trader networks. These findings contribute to contemporary Islamic economic discourse by demonstrating that muamalah values can be realized through cultural pathways without requiring formal theoretical prerequisites, while simultaneously supporting the achievement of SDG 8 and SDG 10 through a fair and sustainable digital trading ecosystem.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST NARCOTICS DISTRIBUTION THROUGH VAPE LIQUID: A STUDY AT THE NORTH SUMATRA REGIONAL POLICE
This research is entitled Law Enforcement Against the Spread of Narcotics Through Vape Liquid (North Sumatra Regional Police Study). The formulation of the problem is (1) What are the factors that cause the spread of narcotics through vape liquid? (2) How is law enforcement carried out by the North Sumatra Regional Police in overcoming the spread of narcotics through vape liquid? (3) What are the obstacles for the North Sumatra Regional Police in enforcing the law against the spread of narcotics through vape liquid? The research method used is normative juridical legal research, with a descriptive analytical research type. To approach the problem, a normative juridical approach is used. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results of the study show that (1) The unemployment factor has a significant impact on perpetrators in carrying out their actions to distribute narcotics through vape liquid. Of course, this is the main source of narcotics dealers to get money even though it is done in an improper way to support their family's needs (2) Law enforcement carried out by the North Sumatra Regional Police in overcoming the spread of narcotics through vape liquid is to ensnare narcotics perpetrators with Article 114 subsidiary Article 112 of Law No. 35 of 2009 with a penalty of 20 years in prison. After an investigation at the Police level, the North Sumatra Regional Police have then submitted the case files to the Medan District Attorney's Office to be processed in court to obtain legal certainty. (3) Obstacles to the North Sumatra Regional Police in enforcing the law on the spread of narcotics through vape liquid, namely the increasing spread of cases of abuse of electronic cigarettes which contain narcotics, this is because Indonesia does not yet have specific regulations governing alternative tobacco products, other than those related to excise. These regulations must be separated from the Narcotics Law or the Narcotics Law must be immediately revised with the addition of liquid narcotics.
FEASIBILITY OF LMS-BASED E-MODULES IN COMPUTER NETWORK LEARNING USING THE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL
Vocational education demands interactive digital resources that foster higher-order thinking skills, particularly in practice-oriented subjects like computer networks. However, many current digital tools lack integration with structured pedagogical models. This study aims to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a Learning Management System (LMS) based e-module integrated with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model for eleventh-grade computer network learning. Employing a Research and Development design with the ADDIE model, this study focused on the development stage. Participants included material and media experts, informatics teachers, and 72 eleventh-grade students from a public high school, selected via purposive and quota sampling. Data were collected using expert validation sheets and student response questionnaires. The findings demonstrate that the e-module is highly feasible for implementation. Both material and media experts rated the module with an average score of 3.63 (very high), highlighting strong conceptual accuracy, clear instructional design, and excellent visual ergonomics. Furthermore, student responses yielded a highly positive average score of 3.52, indicating strong accessibility and engagement, despite minor challenges in comprehending specific technical terms. In conclusion, the LMS-based e-module successfully synergizes digital learning architecture with the PBL syntax, proving to be a highly feasible pedagogical instrument. Its practical implementation requires complementary cognitive scaffolding to prevent cognitive overload, providing a robust framework for enhancing analytical skills and autonomy in vocational education
STRENGTHENING STUDENTS’ DISCIPLINE CHARACTER THROUGH THE “5 TEPAT” PRACTICE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
The low level of student discipline, as reflected in a lack of punctuality, adherence to rules, understanding of the importance of discipline, and attitudes that do not yet align with norms of politeness, forms the background of this study. The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of the “5 Tepat” (on time, in the right place, on the right task, following the right rules, and with the right attitude) habituation in strengthening students’ disciplinary character in elementary schools, to identify implementation challenges, and to analyze supporting and inhibiting factors.This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design at SD Negeri Cisuru 05, Cilacap Regency. The research subjects include the principal, teachers, and students selected purposively. Data collection techniques consist of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity is ensured through source and technique triangulation, as well as member checking to enhance credibility. Data analysis follows the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, involving data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing.The results indicate that the “5 Tepat” habituation is implemented systematically through stages of understanding, routine practice, and evaluation and reflection. Most aspects of discipline have developed well, particularly being in the right place, following the right rules, and demonstrating the right attitude. However, punctuality and task completion still require reinforcement, as they have not been consistently achieved by all students. Implementation challenges include differences in student characteristics, low internal awareness, limited supervision, and the influence of the family environment. The success of the program is supported by school policies, teacher role modeling, collaboration among teachers, and parental involvement. The “5 Tepat” habituation has the potential to become an effective model for strengthening disciplinary character if implemented consistently and sustainably.
ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL LITERACY PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' 4C SKILLS
The industrial revolution 4.0 is driving faster changes towards education by implementing digital literacy that can create students with 4C skills. This study was conducted to answer the research question regarding the analysis of digital literacy programs to improve the 4C skills of elementary school students. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This research was conducted at Tegalgondo 1 Public Elementary School. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. The subjects of this study consisted of 10 teachers. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire. The research implementation time was from early November to the end of December 2025. The data analysis technique started from data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the study showed that the average percentage of critical thinking skills was 82.70%, creative thinking skills with a percentage of 81.22%, communication skills with a percentage of 80.35%, and collaboration skills with a percentage of 80%. All four aspects of 4C skills are included in the high category, so it is concluded that the digital literacy program can improve 4C skills (critical thinking, creative thinking, collaboration, and communication skills).
APPLICATION OF DEEP LEARNING APPROACH IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING AT SMA NEGERI 1 KANDIS 2025/2026
This study aims to describe the application of the deep learning approach in learning Indonesian at SMA Negeri 1 Kandis which includes aspects of planning, implementation, and obstacles faced. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with case study methods and content analysis techniques. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and study of teaching module documents. The results of the study show that at the planning stage, teachers have been able to develop teaching modules that lead to learning based on higher order thinking skills (HOTS), contextual activities, and active student involvement, with good to excellent quality categories. At the implementation stage, learning has followed a deep learning syntax which includes understanding, applying, and reflecting, as well as showing the characteristics of collaborative, contextual, and participatory learning with an excellent category. However, the aspects of reflection and metacognitive reinforcement are still not optimal because they have not been systematically structured. The obstacles found include time constraints, variations in students' abilities and activities, the use of technology that has not been maximized, and students' learning habits that still tend to be passive. This study concludes that the deep learning approach has the potential to improve the quality of Indonesian language learning, but requires strengthening the aspects of reflection, authentic assessment, and support for teacher facilities and competencies so that the implementation is more optimal.