PERAN DAN KEBERADAAN ENZIM METALLOTHIONEIN SEBAGAI PENGIKAT LOGAM BERAT Pb PADA PANGKAL DAN UJUNG RUMPUT LAUT GRACILARIA sp.
Keywords:
Gracilaris sp., Logam berat Pb, Metallothionein
Abstract
Produksi limbah Industri dan juga buangan limbah rumah tangga yang semakin meningkat dan terjadi terus-menerus, menjadikan sungai tempat pembuangan terakhir sehingga dapat mencemari biota yang berada disekitaran sungai tersebut. Masyarakat di Desa Kupang memanfaatkan aliran sungai tersebut sebagai sumber air untuk budidaya rumput laut Gracilaria sp. Salah satu untuk mengetahui cemaran logam berat pada perairan tersebut dengan mengecek keberadaan kadar Metallothionein pada rumput laut, karena sifat Metallothionein adalah protein yang dapat mengikat logam esensial maupun non esensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar Metallothionein pada Gracilaria sp. yang terekspresi pada bagian pangkal dan ujung rumput laut Gracilaria sp. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Analisis pengujian kadar Metallothionein menggunakan Eliza rider. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa kondisi perairan budidaya tambak Gracilaria sp. untuk parameter suhu, pH, DO sesuai dengan kondisi perairan tambak, tetapi pada parameter salinitas tidak sesuai yaitu melebihi SNI 40 ppt, karena penguapan yang tinggi pada saat musim kemarau, sehingga kadar garamnya tinggi. Kualitas perairan sangat berpengaruh dengan keberadaan Enzim Metallothionein pada pangkal dan ujung rumput laut, Kadar enzim Metallothionein tertinggi terdapat pada bagian ujung Gracilaria sp. yaitu berkisar antara 2.026-2.734 mg/mL. Terjadinya penyerapan yang tinggi karena pada bagian ujung terdapat banyak percabangan kecil dan masih muda sehingga proses penyerapannya masih kuat, sedangkan pada bagian pangkal terdiri dari sel-sel yang sudah tua dengan percabangan yang sedikit dan jumlahnya juga sedikit.
References
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Cobbett C and P. Goldsbrough. (2002). Phytochelatins and metallothioneins: Roles in Heavy Metal Detoxification and Homeostasis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2002. 53:159–82.
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Leignel V., Hardivillier Y., and Laulier M. (2005). Small Metallothionein MT-10 Genes in Coastal and Hydrothermal Mussels. Marine Biotechnology. Volume7,236–244.
Leszczyszyn O. I., C. A. Blindauer and H. T. Imam. (2013). Diversity and Distribution of Plant Metallothioneins: A review of Structure, Properties and Functions. Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00072a.
Liu J., K. Hayashi and K. Matsuoka. (2015). Membrane Topology of Golgi-localized Probable Sadenosylmethionine-dependent Methyltransferase in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry. New York University.
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Mulyaningrum H. R. S., P. Andi., & S. Emma. (2015). Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Eksplan Rumput Laut Gracilaria verrucosa dan Gracilaria gigas pada Aklimatisasi di Tambak. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau Jl. Makmur Dg. Sitakka No. 129, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan 90512 Indonesia.
Peshkov S. A., and S. L. Khursan. (2017). Complexation of the Zn, Co, Cd, and Pb ions by metallothioneins: A QM/MM simulation. To appear in: Computational & Theoretical Chemistry. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2017.02.029.
Pickering T., H. Cameron., L. Kumar and R. Sulu. (2003). Kappaphycus Seaweed In The Pacific : Review of Introductions And Field Testing Proposed Quarantine Protocols. The Institute of Marine Resources (IMR)
The University of the South Pacific.
Qumain S., D. Agus., & P. Sitoresmi. (2016). Analisis Perbandingan Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Pada Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. Dan Agar Desa Kupang, Kecamatan Jabon, Sidoarjo. Universitas Negeri Malang.
Rauf Rusdin. (2015). Kimia Pangan. Penerbit Andi Yoyakarta. Jl. Beo 38-40 Yogyakarta.
Rosenberg G. and J. Ramus. (1982). Ecological Growth Strategies in the Seaweeds Gracilaria foliifera (Rhodophyceae) and Ulva sp. (Chlorophyceae): Photosynthesis and Antenna Composition. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 451 Canada.
Rueness Jan. (2005). Life History and Molecular Sequences of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), A New Introduction to European Waters. Phycologia. Department of Biology, PO Box 1069, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Serbula S. M., T. S. Kalinovic., A. A. Ilic., J. V. Kalinovic and M. M. Steharnik. (2012). Assessment of Airborne Heavy Metal Pollution Using Pinus spp. and Tilia spp. Aerosol and Air Quality. 13: 563–573.
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Shestivska V., V. Adam., J. Prasek., T. Macek., M. Mackova., L. Havel., V. Diopan., J. Zehnalek., J. Hubalek and R. Kizek. (2011). Investigation of the Antioxidant Properties of Metallothionein in Transgenic Tobacco Plants using Voltammetry at a Carbon Paste Electrode. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., Vol. 6.
Sinaga E. L. R dan A. Muhtadi. (2017). Profil Suhu, Oksigen Terlarut dan pH Secara Vertikal Selama 24 Jam di Danau Kelapa Gading Kabupaten Asahan Sumatera Utara. Omni-Akuatika 12 (2): 114-124.
Standar Nasional Indonesia. (2010). SNI 7578-2010. Produksi Rumput Laut Gracilaria. dengan Metode Tebar di Tambak Secara Polikultur. ISC65.150. https://www.scribd.com/doc/261924837/SNI-7578-2010-Produksi-Rumput-Laut-Gracilaria.
SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia). (2013). SNI 7904:2013 Produksi Bibit Rumput Laut Grasilaria (Gracilaria verrucosa) dengan Metode Sebar di Tambak.
Suhy J., B. S. J. Evan., E. M. F. Duarte., and R. Ravi. (1999). Li Nuclear Magnetik Resonance Study for the Determination of Li+ Properties in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Journal of Neurochemistry. Vol 71. No 4.
Sumampou O. J. (2015). Diktat Pencemaran Lingkungan. Sam Ratulangi University. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3278.8649
Tega R. Y., Herawati Y. E., and Kilawati Y. (2016). Heavy Metal (Pb) and Its Bioaccumulation in Red Algae (Gracilaria sp.) At Kupang Village, Jabon Sub-District, Sidoarjo District. J.Exp. Life Sci. Vol. 9 No. 2.
Thirumoorthy N., K. M. Kumar., A. S. Sundar., L Panayappan and M. Chatterjee. (2007). Metallothionein: An overview. World Journal of Gastroenterology ISSN 1007-9327. 21; 13(7): 993-996.
Tonon A. P., C. O. Mariana., M. S. Eliane and C. Pio. (2011). Absorption of Metals and Characterization of Chemical Elements Present in Three Species of Gracilaria (Gracilariaceae) Greville: A Genus of Economical Importance. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 21(2): 355-360.
Trono, G. C. (1974). A Review of The Production Technologies of Tropical Species of Economic Seaweeds. Technical Research Reports. Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines. Philippines. http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AB728E/AB728E00.htm#TOC
Zacka Jim. (2018). Introduction to Enzymes. Penerbit Worthington Biochemical Corp. 730 Vassar Ave Lakewood, NJ 08701. http://www.worthington-biochem.com/introBiochem/Enzymes.pdf
Zhou Li., Y. Zhang., X. Zhang., Y. Peng., E. Merewitz, X. Ma., L Huang and Y. Yan. (2015). The Alterations of Endogenous Polyamines and Phytohormones Induced by Exogenous Application of Spermidine Regulate Antioxidant Metabolism, Metallothionein and Relevant Genes Conferring Drought Tolerance in White Clover. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 124, 22–38.
Andara D. R., Haeruddin dan A. Suryanto. (2014). Kandungan Total Padatan Tersuspensi, Biocemical Oxygen Demand dan Chemical Oxigen Demand Serta Indeks Pencemaran Sungai Klampisan di Kawasan Industri Candi, Semarang. Volume 3, Nomor 3, Tahun 2014, Halaman 177-187. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Jurusan Perikanan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro.
Chen Y., Z. Junkai., L.Xiaoyu and Z. Hao. (2017). Diversity in cadmium accumulation and resistance associated with various metallothionein genes (type III) in Phytolacca americana L. National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, China.
Cobbett C and P. Goldsbrough. (2002). Phytochelatins and metallothioneins: Roles in Heavy Metal Detoxification and Homeostasis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2002. 53:159–82.
Febriani A. D. B., A. Sakamoto., H. Ono., N. Sakura., K. Ueda., C. Yoshii., M. Kubota and J. Yanagawa. (2004). Determination of total homocysteine in dried blood spots using high performance liquid chromatography for homocystinuria newborn screening. Pediatrics International. 46, 5–9.
Fibriana F., dan Susanti R. (2017). Teknologi Enzim. Penerbit Andi. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Hall. J. L. (2002). Cellular Mechhanisms For Heavy Metal Detoxification and Tolerance. Received. School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Biomedical Sciences Building, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 53, No. 366, pp. 1-11.
Handayani N., M. W Warton dan R. K. Murti. (2017). Identification and Antibacterial Activity Test of The Most Active Fraction of Mimba Leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
Handhani A. R., A. Ambariyanto, E. Supriyantini. (2017). Reduction of Pb concentration in seawater by seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa. Marine Science Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro. AACL Bioflux, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 4.
Harapan S.B.S., Mawarti R.Y., dan Mulyono M. 2019. Performansi Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut (Kapparhycus alvarezii) Dengan Menggunakan Bibit Hasil Kultur Dan Non Kultur Jaringan Di BBPBL Lampung. Jurnal Kelautan Dan Perikanan Terapan, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp 93-99.
Hsia C. C. W., A. Schmitz., M. Lambertz., S. F. Perry and J. N. Maina. (2013). Evolution of Air Breathing: Oxygen Homeostasis and the Transitions from Water to Land and Sky. Correspondence Physiol. 3 (2): 849–915. doi:10.1002/cphy.c120003.
Huang S., Deng J.S., Chen H.J., Lin Y.H., and Huang G.J. (2014). Antioxidant activities of two metallothionein-like proteins froms weet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam. ‘Tainong 57’) storage roots and their synthesized peptides. Botanical Studies 2014, 55:64.
Ifadah Ana. (2011). Analisis Metode Principal Component Analysis (Komponen Utama) Dan Regresi Ridge Dalam Mengatasi Dampak Multikolinearitas Dalam Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Jurusan Matematika Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Kay J., A. Cryer., B. M. Darke., P. Kille., W. E. Lees., C. G. Norey and J. M. Stark. (1991). Naturally Occurring and Recombinant Metallothioneins:Structure, Immunoreactivity and Metal-Binding Functions. Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, Wales. Inf. J. Biochem. Vol. 23, No. I, pp. 1-5.
Krizkova S., K. Marta., E. Gabriella., E. Tomas., S. Marie., P. Petra., H. Zbynek and A. Vojtech. (2017). An Insight into the Complex Roles of Metallothioneins in Malignant Diseases with Emphasis on (Sub)Isoforms/Isoforms and Epigenetics Phenomena. Pharmacology and Therapeutics.S0163-7258(17)30241.
Lakherwal D. (2014). Adsorption of Heavy Metals: A Review. ISSN 2249-3131 Volume 4, Number 1, pp. 41-48. Department of Environmental Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Langston W. J., Bebianno M. J. (1998). Metal Metabolism in Aquatic Environments. Published by Chapman & Hall, an imprint of Thomson Science, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SEt 8HN, UK.
Leignel V., Hardivillier Y., and Laulier M. (2005). Small Metallothionein MT-10 Genes in Coastal and Hydrothermal Mussels. Marine Biotechnology. Volume7,236–244.
Leszczyszyn O. I., C. A. Blindauer and H. T. Imam. (2013). Diversity and Distribution of Plant Metallothioneins: A review of Structure, Properties and Functions. Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00072a.
Liu J., K. Hayashi and K. Matsuoka. (2015). Membrane Topology of Golgi-localized Probable Sadenosylmethionine-dependent Methyltransferase in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry. New York University.
Miranda J. R. D., M. A. Thomas., D .A. Thurman and A.B. Tomsett. (1990). Metallothionein Genes From The Flowering Plant Mimulus guttatus. Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX. England.
Mukhatasor. (2007). Pencemaran Pesisir dan Laut, Jakarta : Radyna Paramita.
Mulyaningrum H. R. S., P. Andi., & S. Emma. (2015). Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Eksplan Rumput Laut Gracilaria verrucosa dan Gracilaria gigas pada Aklimatisasi di Tambak. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau Jl. Makmur Dg. Sitakka No. 129, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan 90512 Indonesia.
Peshkov S. A., and S. L. Khursan. (2017). Complexation of the Zn, Co, Cd, and Pb ions by metallothioneins: A QM/MM simulation. To appear in: Computational & Theoretical Chemistry. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2017.02.029.
Pickering T., H. Cameron., L. Kumar and R. Sulu. (2003). Kappaphycus Seaweed In The Pacific : Review of Introductions And Field Testing Proposed Quarantine Protocols. The Institute of Marine Resources (IMR)
The University of the South Pacific.
Qumain S., D. Agus., & P. Sitoresmi. (2016). Analisis Perbandingan Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Pada Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. Dan Agar Desa Kupang, Kecamatan Jabon, Sidoarjo. Universitas Negeri Malang.
Rauf Rusdin. (2015). Kimia Pangan. Penerbit Andi Yoyakarta. Jl. Beo 38-40 Yogyakarta.
Rosenberg G. and J. Ramus. (1982). Ecological Growth Strategies in the Seaweeds Gracilaria foliifera (Rhodophyceae) and Ulva sp. (Chlorophyceae): Photosynthesis and Antenna Composition. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 451 Canada.
Rueness Jan. (2005). Life History and Molecular Sequences of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), A New Introduction to European Waters. Phycologia. Department of Biology, PO Box 1069, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
Ruslaini. (2017). Kajian Kualitas Air Terhadap Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut (Gracilaria verrucosa) Di Tambak Dengan Metode Vertikultur. Fakultas Perikanan Dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari.
Sanusi, H. S. (2006). Kimia Laut Proses Fisik Kimia dan Interaksinya dengan Lingkungan. Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Serbula S. M., T. S. Kalinovic., A. A. Ilic., J. V. Kalinovic and M. M. Steharnik. (2012). Assessment of Airborne Heavy Metal Pollution Using Pinus spp. and Tilia spp. Aerosol and Air Quality. 13: 563–573.
Setyaningsih, D., A. Anton dan P.S. Maya. (2010). Analisis Sensori untuk Industri Pangan dan Agro. Institut Pertanian Bogor Press. Bogor.
Shestivska V., V. Adam., J. Prasek., T. Macek., M. Mackova., L. Havel., V. Diopan., J. Zehnalek., J. Hubalek and R. Kizek. (2011). Investigation of the Antioxidant Properties of Metallothionein in Transgenic Tobacco Plants using Voltammetry at a Carbon Paste Electrode. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., Vol. 6.
Sinaga E. L. R dan A. Muhtadi. (2017). Profil Suhu, Oksigen Terlarut dan pH Secara Vertikal Selama 24 Jam di Danau Kelapa Gading Kabupaten Asahan Sumatera Utara. Omni-Akuatika 12 (2): 114-124.
Standar Nasional Indonesia. (2010). SNI 7578-2010. Produksi Rumput Laut Gracilaria. dengan Metode Tebar di Tambak Secara Polikultur. ISC65.150. https://www.scribd.com/doc/261924837/SNI-7578-2010-Produksi-Rumput-Laut-Gracilaria.
SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia). (2013). SNI 7904:2013 Produksi Bibit Rumput Laut Grasilaria (Gracilaria verrucosa) dengan Metode Sebar di Tambak.
Suhy J., B. S. J. Evan., E. M. F. Duarte., and R. Ravi. (1999). Li Nuclear Magnetik Resonance Study for the Determination of Li+ Properties in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Journal of Neurochemistry. Vol 71. No 4.
Sumampou O. J. (2015). Diktat Pencemaran Lingkungan. Sam Ratulangi University. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3278.8649
Tega R. Y., Herawati Y. E., and Kilawati Y. (2016). Heavy Metal (Pb) and Its Bioaccumulation in Red Algae (Gracilaria sp.) At Kupang Village, Jabon Sub-District, Sidoarjo District. J.Exp. Life Sci. Vol. 9 No. 2.
Thirumoorthy N., K. M. Kumar., A. S. Sundar., L Panayappan and M. Chatterjee. (2007). Metallothionein: An overview. World Journal of Gastroenterology ISSN 1007-9327. 21; 13(7): 993-996.
Tonon A. P., C. O. Mariana., M. S. Eliane and C. Pio. (2011). Absorption of Metals and Characterization of Chemical Elements Present in Three Species of Gracilaria (Gracilariaceae) Greville: A Genus of Economical Importance. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 21(2): 355-360.
Trono, G. C. (1974). A Review of The Production Technologies of Tropical Species of Economic Seaweeds. Technical Research Reports. Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines. Philippines. http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AB728E/AB728E00.htm#TOC
Zacka Jim. (2018). Introduction to Enzymes. Penerbit Worthington Biochemical Corp. 730 Vassar Ave Lakewood, NJ 08701. http://www.worthington-biochem.com/introBiochem/Enzymes.pdf
Zhou Li., Y. Zhang., X. Zhang., Y. Peng., E. Merewitz, X. Ma., L Huang and Y. Yan. (2015). The Alterations of Endogenous Polyamines and Phytohormones Induced by Exogenous Application of Spermidine Regulate Antioxidant Metabolism, Metallothionein and Relevant Genes Conferring Drought Tolerance in White Clover. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 124, 22–38.
Published
2023-02-28
How to Cite
TegaYatris Rambu, HerawatiEndang Yuli, and KilawatiYuni. 2023. “PERAN DAN KEBERADAAN ENZIM METALLOTHIONEIN SEBAGAI PENGIKAT LOGAM BERAT Pb PADA PANGKAL DAN UJUNG RUMPUT LAUT GRACILARIA Sp.”. JURNAL LEMURU 5 (1), 159-72. https://doi.org/10.36526/jl.v5i1.2440.
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