POTENCY OF ENHALUS ACOROIDES FROM INDONESIA REGION FOR HALAL PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Keywords:
bioactive compounds, Enhalus acoroides, pharmaceutical industry, seagrass
Abstract
Currently, the implementation of the Halal assurance system in Indonesia is mandatory. A side from food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and medicines must all be halal certified. Natural products, particularly marine-based products, are an alternative choice for the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry's raw materials. Enhalus acoroides are common along Indonesia's coasts and have the potential to be used as raw materials in halal cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of E. acoroides samples collected from various locations in Indonesia in terms of bioactive compounds and their applications. Secondary metabolites namely alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, steroids, triterpenes, and tannins have been reported in E. acoroides extract from Indonesia, and they have the potential to be used as antibacterial, antiaging, antiviral, antitumor, and antioxidant in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries in Indonesia
References
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Ahmed, N., Vasantha, K. S., John, A. K., Shobana, C., & Usharani, B. (2022). Anticancer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Enhalus acoroides. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(March), 9528–9537.
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Aziz, N. A., Majdina, H., Hassan, Y., Zulkifly, H. H., Shahezwan, M., Wahab, A., Sallehhudin, M., Aziz, A., Yahaya, N., & Akram Abdulrazzaq H, H. (2014). Assessment of the Halal Status of Respiratory Pharmaceutical Products in a Hospital. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121(121), 158–165.
Bajpai, V. K. (2016). Antimicrobial bioactive compounds from marine algae : A mini review. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 45(September), 1076–1085.
Balunas, M. J., & Kinghorn, A. D. (2005). Drug discovery from medicinal plants. Life Sciences, 78(5), 431–441.
Dewi, C. S. U., Soedharma, D., & Kawaroe, M. (2012). Komponen fitokimia dan toksisitas senyawa bioaktif dari amun Enhalus accoroides dan Thalassia hemprichii dari Pulau Pramuka , DkI Jakarta. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan Dan Kesehatan, 3(1), 23–28.
Fahruddin, M., Suriyadin, A., Abdurachman, M. H., Murtawan, H., & Ilyas, A. P. (2022). Keanekaragaman lamun di Pesisir Bahoi, Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 4(3), 159–165.
Gray, A. I. (2012). Natural Products Isolation (S. D. Sarker, Z. Latif, & A. . Gray (eds.); 2nd ed.). Humana Press Inc. New Jersey.
Haryati, R. N., & Kurniawan, D. (2021). Kondisi Ekosistem Padang Lamun Di Perairan Tanjung Pisau Kabupaten Bintan. Pena Akuatika : Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 20(1), 62–71.
Hasan, H., Suryadi, A. M. A., & Djufri, Z. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Lamun ( Enhalus acoroides ) Pada Mencit ( Mus musculus ). Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research (JSSCR), 4(1), 293–305.
Hernawan, U. E., Rahmawati, S., Ambo-rappe, R., Sjafrie, N. D. M., Hadiyanto, H., Yusup, D. S., Nugraha, A. H., La, Y. A., Adi, W., Prayudha, B., Irawan, A., Rahayu, Y. P., Ningsih, E., Riniatsih, I., Supriyadi, I. H., & Mcmahon, K. (2021). Science of the Total Environment The fi rst nation-wide assessment identi fi es valuable blue ‑ carbon seagrass habitat in Indonesia is in moderate condition. 782.
Hiola, S.F. Adnan dan Bahri, S. (2010). Pengaruh Fitosterol Tumbuhan Lamun (Enhalus acoroides) Terhadap Fertilitas Mencit (Mus musculus) ICR Jantan. Bionature, 11(1), 1–6.
Hudaifah, I., Mutamimah, D., & Utami, arfiati ulfa. (2020). Komponen Bioaktif dari Eucheuma cottonii, Ulva lactuca, Halimeda opuntia, dan Padina australis. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 2(2), 63–70.
Ismarti, I., Ramses, R., Fitrah, A., & Suheryanto, S. (2017). Kandungan tembaga (Cu) dan timbal (Pb) pada lamun Enhalus accoroides dari perairan Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia. DEPIK, 6(1), 23–30.
Kannan, R. R. R., Arumugam, R., & Anantharaman, P. (2010a). Antibacterial potential of three seagrasses against human pathogens. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 3(11), 890–893.
Kannan, R. R. R., Arumugam, R., & Anantharaman, P. (2010b). In vitro antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from Enhalus acoroides (L.F.) Royle. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 3(11), 898–901.
Kaya, A. O. W. (2017). Komponen zat gizi lamun Enhalus acoroides asal Kabupaten Sopiori Provinsi Papua. Majalah BIAM, 13(2), 16.
Kim, D. H., Mahomoodally, M. F., Sadeer, N. B., Seok, P. G., Zengin, G., Palaniveloo, K., Khalil, A. A., Rauf, A., & Rengasamy, K. R. (2021). Nutritional and bioactive potential of seagrasses: A review. South African Journal of Botany, 137, 216–227.
Kole, H., Tuapattinaya, P., & Watuguly, T. (2020). Analisis kadar karbohidrat dan lemak pada tempe berbahan dasar biji lamun (Enhalus acoroides). BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan Dan Terapan, 6(2), 91–96.
Latuihamallo, Y., Watuguly, T., & Tuapattinaya, P. M. . (2019). Kualitas susu berbahan dasar biji lamun jenis Enhalus acoroides: Penentuan Nilai Viskositas dan Pengujian Sifat Mikrobiologi di Laboratorium. Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan Dan Terapan, 5(2), 119–129.
Lessy, M. R., & Ramili, Y. (2018). Restorasi lamun; studi transplantasi lamun Enhalus acaroides di perairan Pantai Kastela, Kota ternate. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan, 1(1), 40–47.
Marsel, P. J., Tuapattinaya, Rufiati, S., Juen, C. W. (2021). Analisis Kadar Air dan Kadar Abu Teh Berbahan Dasar Daun Lamun ( Enhalus acoroides). Jurnal Biologi Pendidikan Dan Terapan, 8(1), 16–21.
Menajang, F. S. I., Mahmudi, M., Yanuhar, U., & Herawati, E. Y. (2020). Evaluation of phytochemical and superoxide dismutase activities of Enhalus acoroides ( L . f .) Royle from coastal waters of North Sulawesi , Indonesia. Veterinary World, 13, 676–680.
Monisha, D., Sivasankar, V., Mylsamy, P., & Paulraj, M. G. (2020). Mosquito Larvicidal activity of Enhalus acoroides ( L . f ) Royle and Halophila ovalis ( R . Br ) Hook . f . against the deadly vectors Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. South African Journal of Botany, 133, 63–72.
Nurafni, & Nur, R. M. (2018). Aktifitas antifouling senyawa bioktif dari lamun di Perairan Pulau Morotai. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan, 1(2), 107–112.
Papenbrock, J. (2012). Highlights in Seagrasses’ Phylogeny, Physiology, and Metabolism: What Makes Them Special? ISRN Botany, 2012, 1–15.
Patra, J. K., Rath, S. K., Jena, K., Rathod, V. K., & Thatoi, H. (2008). Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of seaweed (Sargassum sp.) extract: A study on inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase activity. Turkish Journal of Biology, 32(2), 119–125.
Permana, R., Andhikawati, A., Akbasyah, N., & Putra, P. (2020). Identifikasi senyawa bioaktif dan potensi aktivitas antioksidan lamun Enhalus acoroides (Linn. F). Jurnal Akuatek, 1(1), 66–72.
Pradana, N. E., Wardiwira, F. F., Hakim, L., Imamah, A. N., & Istianisa, W. (2018). Efektivitas ekstrak lamun Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii dan Enhalus acoroides dari perairan Jepara sebagai antibakteri pada dillet ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) selama penyimpanan dingin. Saintek Perikanan, 13(2), 143–147.
Qi, S. H., Zhang, S., Qian, P. Y., & Wang, B. G. (2008). Antiffedant, antibacterial and antilarval compound from the South China Sea seagrass E. acoroides. Botanica Marina, 51, 1–7.
Raskin, I., Ribnicky, D. M., Komarnytsky, S., Ilic, N., Poulev, A., Borisjuk, N., Brinker, A., Moreno, D. A., Ripoll, C., Yakoby, N., O’Neal, J. M., Cornwell, T., Pastor, I., & Fridlender, B. (2002). Plants and human health in the twenty-first century. Trends in Biotechnology, 20(12), 522–531.
Sadeeqa, S., Sarriff, A., Masood, I., Atif, M., & Farooqi, M. (2013). Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding Halal pharmaceuticals, among general medical practitioners in Malaysia. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 4(4), 139.
Sami, F. ., Nur, S., Sapra, A., & Libertin, L. (2020). Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak lamun(Enhalus accoroides) asal Pulau Lae-Lae Makassar terhadap radikal ABTS. Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar, 15(2), 116–120.
Shanta, M. A. (2013). Natural Products From Plant , Microbial and Marine Species. 10(1), 611–646.
Shanta, M. A., Ahmed, T., Uddin, M. N., Majumder, S., Hossain, M. S., & Rana, M. S. (2013). Phytochemical screening and invitro determination of antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Streospermum chelonoides. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(3), 117–121.
Short, F., Carruthers, T., Dennison, W., & Waycott, M. (2007). Global seagrass distribution and diversity: A bioregional model. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 350(1–2), 3–20.
Sofiana, M. S. ., Safitri, I., Risko, R., Saputri, K. ., & Nurcahyanto, T. (2020). Analisis kondisi lamun Thalassia hemprichii di Perairan Pulau Kabung Kabupaten Bengkayang Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 10(2), 147–154. Soto, M., Falqué, E., & Domínguez, H. (2015). Relevance of Natural Phenolics from Grape and Derivative Products in the Formulation of Cosmetics. Cosmetics, 2(3), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2030259
Subhashini, P., Dilipan, E., Thangaradjou, T., & Papenbrock, J. (2013). Bioactive natural products from marine angiosperms: abundance and functions. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 3(4), 129–136.
Sulistiyani, Wahjono, H., Radjasa, O. K., Sabdono, A., Khoeri, M. M., & Karyana, E. (2015). Antimycobacterial Activities from Seagrass Enhalus sp. Associated Bacteria Against Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR TB) Bacteria. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 23(Ictcred 2014), 253–259.
Supaphon, P., Phongpaichit, S., Rukachaisirikul, V., & Sakayaroj, J. (2014). Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the seagrass Enhalus acoroides. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 43(5), 785–797.
Syahrir, A., Rahem, A., & Prayoga, A. (2019). Pharmacist Behavior of Halal Labelization on Pharmaceutical Product. Journal of Halal Product and Research, 2(1), 25.
Tuapattinaya, P. M. J., & Rumahlatu, D. (2019). Analysis of Flavonoid Levels of Enhalus acoroides in Different Coastal Waters in Ambon Island , Indonesia. International Journal of Applied Biology, 3(1), 70–80.
Windyaswari, A. S., Purba, J. P., Nurrahmah, S. S., Ayu, I. P., Imran, Z., Amin, A. A., Kurniawan, F., Pratiwi, N. T. M., & Iswantari, A. (2019). Phytochemical profile of sea grass extract (Enhalus acoroides): A new marine source from Ekas Bay, East Lombok. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 278(1).
Zidorn, C. (2016). Secondary metabolites of seagrasses (Alismatales and Potamogetonales; Alismatidae): Chemical diversity, bioactivity, and ecological function. Phytochemistry, 124, 5–28.
Ab Halim, M. A. B., Kashim, M. I. A. B. M., Salleh, M. M. M., Nordin, N. B., & Husni, A. B. M. (2015). Halal pharmaceuticals. Social Sciences (Pakistan), 10(4), 490–498.
Ahmed, N., Vasantha, K. S., John, A. K., Shobana, C., & Usharani, B. (2022). Anticancer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Enhalus acoroides. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(March), 9528–9537.
Anthonius A, P., & Meirina, E. (2018). Bioaktivitas Antibakteri Lamun Thalassia hemprichii dan Enhalus acoroides Antibacterial Bioactivity Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas, 6(1), 45–50.
Aziz, N. A., Majdina, H., Hassan, Y., Zulkifly, H. H., Shahezwan, M., Wahab, A., Sallehhudin, M., Aziz, A., Yahaya, N., & Akram Abdulrazzaq H, H. (2014). Assessment of the Halal Status of Respiratory Pharmaceutical Products in a Hospital. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121(121), 158–165.
Bajpai, V. K. (2016). Antimicrobial bioactive compounds from marine algae : A mini review. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 45(September), 1076–1085.
Balunas, M. J., & Kinghorn, A. D. (2005). Drug discovery from medicinal plants. Life Sciences, 78(5), 431–441.
Dewi, C. S. U., Soedharma, D., & Kawaroe, M. (2012). Komponen fitokimia dan toksisitas senyawa bioaktif dari amun Enhalus accoroides dan Thalassia hemprichii dari Pulau Pramuka , DkI Jakarta. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan Dan Kesehatan, 3(1), 23–28.
Fahruddin, M., Suriyadin, A., Abdurachman, M. H., Murtawan, H., & Ilyas, A. P. (2022). Keanekaragaman lamun di Pesisir Bahoi, Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 4(3), 159–165.
Gray, A. I. (2012). Natural Products Isolation (S. D. Sarker, Z. Latif, & A. . Gray (eds.); 2nd ed.). Humana Press Inc. New Jersey.
Haryati, R. N., & Kurniawan, D. (2021). Kondisi Ekosistem Padang Lamun Di Perairan Tanjung Pisau Kabupaten Bintan. Pena Akuatika : Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 20(1), 62–71.
Hasan, H., Suryadi, A. M. A., & Djufri, Z. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Lamun ( Enhalus acoroides ) Pada Mencit ( Mus musculus ). Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research (JSSCR), 4(1), 293–305.
Hernawan, U. E., Rahmawati, S., Ambo-rappe, R., Sjafrie, N. D. M., Hadiyanto, H., Yusup, D. S., Nugraha, A. H., La, Y. A., Adi, W., Prayudha, B., Irawan, A., Rahayu, Y. P., Ningsih, E., Riniatsih, I., Supriyadi, I. H., & Mcmahon, K. (2021). Science of the Total Environment The fi rst nation-wide assessment identi fi es valuable blue ‑ carbon seagrass habitat in Indonesia is in moderate condition. 782.
Hiola, S.F. Adnan dan Bahri, S. (2010). Pengaruh Fitosterol Tumbuhan Lamun (Enhalus acoroides) Terhadap Fertilitas Mencit (Mus musculus) ICR Jantan. Bionature, 11(1), 1–6.
Hudaifah, I., Mutamimah, D., & Utami, arfiati ulfa. (2020). Komponen Bioaktif dari Eucheuma cottonii, Ulva lactuca, Halimeda opuntia, dan Padina australis. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 2(2), 63–70.
Ismarti, I., Ramses, R., Fitrah, A., & Suheryanto, S. (2017). Kandungan tembaga (Cu) dan timbal (Pb) pada lamun Enhalus accoroides dari perairan Batam, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia. DEPIK, 6(1), 23–30.
Kannan, R. R. R., Arumugam, R., & Anantharaman, P. (2010a). Antibacterial potential of three seagrasses against human pathogens. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 3(11), 890–893.
Kannan, R. R. R., Arumugam, R., & Anantharaman, P. (2010b). In vitro antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from Enhalus acoroides (L.F.) Royle. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 3(11), 898–901.
Kaya, A. O. W. (2017). Komponen zat gizi lamun Enhalus acoroides asal Kabupaten Sopiori Provinsi Papua. Majalah BIAM, 13(2), 16.
Kim, D. H., Mahomoodally, M. F., Sadeer, N. B., Seok, P. G., Zengin, G., Palaniveloo, K., Khalil, A. A., Rauf, A., & Rengasamy, K. R. (2021). Nutritional and bioactive potential of seagrasses: A review. South African Journal of Botany, 137, 216–227.
Kole, H., Tuapattinaya, P., & Watuguly, T. (2020). Analisis kadar karbohidrat dan lemak pada tempe berbahan dasar biji lamun (Enhalus acoroides). BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan Dan Terapan, 6(2), 91–96.
Latuihamallo, Y., Watuguly, T., & Tuapattinaya, P. M. . (2019). Kualitas susu berbahan dasar biji lamun jenis Enhalus acoroides: Penentuan Nilai Viskositas dan Pengujian Sifat Mikrobiologi di Laboratorium. Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan Dan Terapan, 5(2), 119–129.
Lessy, M. R., & Ramili, Y. (2018). Restorasi lamun; studi transplantasi lamun Enhalus acaroides di perairan Pantai Kastela, Kota ternate. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan, 1(1), 40–47.
Marsel, P. J., Tuapattinaya, Rufiati, S., Juen, C. W. (2021). Analisis Kadar Air dan Kadar Abu Teh Berbahan Dasar Daun Lamun ( Enhalus acoroides). Jurnal Biologi Pendidikan Dan Terapan, 8(1), 16–21.
Menajang, F. S. I., Mahmudi, M., Yanuhar, U., & Herawati, E. Y. (2020). Evaluation of phytochemical and superoxide dismutase activities of Enhalus acoroides ( L . f .) Royle from coastal waters of North Sulawesi , Indonesia. Veterinary World, 13, 676–680.
Monisha, D., Sivasankar, V., Mylsamy, P., & Paulraj, M. G. (2020). Mosquito Larvicidal activity of Enhalus acoroides ( L . f ) Royle and Halophila ovalis ( R . Br ) Hook . f . against the deadly vectors Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. South African Journal of Botany, 133, 63–72.
Nurafni, & Nur, R. M. (2018). Aktifitas antifouling senyawa bioktif dari lamun di Perairan Pulau Morotai. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan, 1(2), 107–112.
Papenbrock, J. (2012). Highlights in Seagrasses’ Phylogeny, Physiology, and Metabolism: What Makes Them Special? ISRN Botany, 2012, 1–15.
Patra, J. K., Rath, S. K., Jena, K., Rathod, V. K., & Thatoi, H. (2008). Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of seaweed (Sargassum sp.) extract: A study on inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase activity. Turkish Journal of Biology, 32(2), 119–125.
Permana, R., Andhikawati, A., Akbasyah, N., & Putra, P. (2020). Identifikasi senyawa bioaktif dan potensi aktivitas antioksidan lamun Enhalus acoroides (Linn. F). Jurnal Akuatek, 1(1), 66–72.
Pradana, N. E., Wardiwira, F. F., Hakim, L., Imamah, A. N., & Istianisa, W. (2018). Efektivitas ekstrak lamun Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii dan Enhalus acoroides dari perairan Jepara sebagai antibakteri pada dillet ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) selama penyimpanan dingin. Saintek Perikanan, 13(2), 143–147.
Qi, S. H., Zhang, S., Qian, P. Y., & Wang, B. G. (2008). Antiffedant, antibacterial and antilarval compound from the South China Sea seagrass E. acoroides. Botanica Marina, 51, 1–7.
Raskin, I., Ribnicky, D. M., Komarnytsky, S., Ilic, N., Poulev, A., Borisjuk, N., Brinker, A., Moreno, D. A., Ripoll, C., Yakoby, N., O’Neal, J. M., Cornwell, T., Pastor, I., & Fridlender, B. (2002). Plants and human health in the twenty-first century. Trends in Biotechnology, 20(12), 522–531.
Sadeeqa, S., Sarriff, A., Masood, I., Atif, M., & Farooqi, M. (2013). Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding Halal pharmaceuticals, among general medical practitioners in Malaysia. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 4(4), 139.
Sami, F. ., Nur, S., Sapra, A., & Libertin, L. (2020). Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak lamun(Enhalus accoroides) asal Pulau Lae-Lae Makassar terhadap radikal ABTS. Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar, 15(2), 116–120.
Shanta, M. A. (2013). Natural Products From Plant , Microbial and Marine Species. 10(1), 611–646.
Shanta, M. A., Ahmed, T., Uddin, M. N., Majumder, S., Hossain, M. S., & Rana, M. S. (2013). Phytochemical screening and invitro determination of antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Streospermum chelonoides. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(3), 117–121.
Short, F., Carruthers, T., Dennison, W., & Waycott, M. (2007). Global seagrass distribution and diversity: A bioregional model. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 350(1–2), 3–20.
Sofiana, M. S. ., Safitri, I., Risko, R., Saputri, K. ., & Nurcahyanto, T. (2020). Analisis kondisi lamun Thalassia hemprichii di Perairan Pulau Kabung Kabupaten Bengkayang Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 10(2), 147–154. Soto, M., Falqué, E., & Domínguez, H. (2015). Relevance of Natural Phenolics from Grape and Derivative Products in the Formulation of Cosmetics. Cosmetics, 2(3), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2030259
Subhashini, P., Dilipan, E., Thangaradjou, T., & Papenbrock, J. (2013). Bioactive natural products from marine angiosperms: abundance and functions. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 3(4), 129–136.
Sulistiyani, Wahjono, H., Radjasa, O. K., Sabdono, A., Khoeri, M. M., & Karyana, E. (2015). Antimycobacterial Activities from Seagrass Enhalus sp. Associated Bacteria Against Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR TB) Bacteria. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 23(Ictcred 2014), 253–259.
Supaphon, P., Phongpaichit, S., Rukachaisirikul, V., & Sakayaroj, J. (2014). Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the seagrass Enhalus acoroides. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 43(5), 785–797.
Syahrir, A., Rahem, A., & Prayoga, A. (2019). Pharmacist Behavior of Halal Labelization on Pharmaceutical Product. Journal of Halal Product and Research, 2(1), 25.
Tuapattinaya, P. M. J., & Rumahlatu, D. (2019). Analysis of Flavonoid Levels of Enhalus acoroides in Different Coastal Waters in Ambon Island , Indonesia. International Journal of Applied Biology, 3(1), 70–80.
Windyaswari, A. S., Purba, J. P., Nurrahmah, S. S., Ayu, I. P., Imran, Z., Amin, A. A., Kurniawan, F., Pratiwi, N. T. M., & Iswantari, A. (2019). Phytochemical profile of sea grass extract (Enhalus acoroides): A new marine source from Ekas Bay, East Lombok. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 278(1).
Zidorn, C. (2016). Secondary metabolites of seagrasses (Alismatales and Potamogetonales; Alismatidae): Chemical diversity, bioactivity, and ecological function. Phytochemistry, 124, 5–28.
Published
2023-02-10
How to Cite
Ismarti, Ismarti, and Fitrah Amelia. 2023. “POTENCY OF ENHALUS ACOROIDES FROM INDONESIA REGION FOR HALAL PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY”. JURNAL LEMURU 5 (1), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.36526/lemuru.v5i1.2423.
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