VALIDITY OF LAND RIGHTS RELEASE AGREEMENTS BY FOREIGNERS AND NOTARIAL LIABILITY: DENPASAR DISTRICT COURT DECISION NO. 426/PDT.G/2020/PN DPS

Authors

  • Dian Anggrasari Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Noor Saptanti Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Heri Hartanto Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v15i4.9735

Keywords:

Foreign Nationals, Fraus Legis, Land Rights Release, Nominee Agreement, Notary Liability

Abstract

Indonesian agrarian law reserves freehold title (hak milik) to Indonesian citizens and treats any transfer to a foreigner, direct or indirect, as void. Nominee arrangements, in which a foreigner uses an Indonesian citizen’s name to hold title, circumvent this rule, and notarial deeds often give such arrangements a lawful appearance. This article examines the validity and legal consequences of an agreement to release rights over land in Denpasar District Court Decision No. 426/Pdt.G/2020/PN Dps, which concerned land in Tabanan, Bali, registered in the name of an Indonesian citizen but financed and controlled by an Italian national. Using normative juridical research with statute, case and conceptual approaches, the study tests the agreement against the Indonesian Civil Code and the Basic Agrarian Law, and evaluates the notary’s position under the Notary Position Law through the theories of legal certainty and legal liability. The findings show that the release agreement is part of a two-layer nominee scheme that is void because its cause is prohibited, that the deed signed by the heir is voidable for defective consent, and that a deed not read and signed before the notary loses its authentic status. Consequently, no rights arise from the instruments, the foreigner obtains no protected right, the heir may sue in tort and seek annulment of the deeds, and the fate of the land remains inconsistent across decisions, which weakens real legal certainty. The notary may face civil, administrative, ethical and, where intent is proven, criminal liability.

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Published

2026-11-03

How to Cite

Dian Anggrasari, Noor Saptanti, & Heri Hartanto. (2026). VALIDITY OF LAND RIGHTS RELEASE AGREEMENTS BY FOREIGNERS AND NOTARIAL LIABILITY: DENPASAR DISTRICT COURT DECISION NO. 426/PDT.G/2020/PN DPS. SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL, 15(4), 355–363. https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v15i4.9735