A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE NATIONAL LAND AGENCY FOR LOSSES SUFFERED BY CERTIFICATE HOLDERS ARISING FROM ADMINISTRATIVE DEFECTS IN THE ISSUANCE  OF LAND CERTIFICATES

Maulida Nugraheni; Rahayu Subekti; Rosita Candrakirana

doi:10.36526/sosioedukasi.v15i4.9703

Authors

Maulida Nugraheni Universitas Sebelas Maret
Rahayu Subekti Universitas Sebelas Maret
Rosita Candrakirana Universitas Sebelas Maret

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v15i4.9703

Keywords:

Land Rights Certificate; Legal Responsibility; National Land Agency.

Abstract

This study analyzes the legal responsibility of the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional/BPN) for losses suffered by land certificate holders following cancellation of land rights certificates due to administrative defects. The cancellation is regulated by Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles, Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration, as amended by Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021, and relevant regulations. This normative legal research uses primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed through statutory and conceptual approaches. The study finds that responsibility for an administratively defective certificate must be distinguished between BPN’s institutional responsibility and the individual responsibility of the official exercising the relevant authority. An overlapping certificate does not automatically establish liability; responsibility depends on the authority exercised, the administrative defect, and the causal relationship between the administrative act and the loss. Legal protection depends on the certificate holder’s legal status, particularly good faith and due diligence in acquiring land rights. Where the elements of an unlawful act under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code are fulfilled, the resulting loss may support a claim for compensation. Accordingly, the findings distinguish these consequences according to their respective legal bases.

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