CONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL LIABILITY FOR ANALYSIS ERRORS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SKIN ANALYSIS AT  AESTHETIC CLINICS IN INDONESIA

Fitri Zica Apri Hartini

doi:10.36526/sosioedukasi.v15i4.9698

Authors

Fitri Zica Apri Hartini Universitas Hang Tuah, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v15i4.9698

Keywords:

Legal Liability, Misdiagnosis, Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into skin analysis at aesthetic clinics in Indonesia offers significant transformations in diagnostic precision. However, the rapid adoption of this technology has not been accompanied by adequate specific regulations, creating legal uncertainty regarding the distribution of responsibility in the event of system failure. This study uses a normative juridical or doctrinal legal research method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials were analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method and legal reasoning. The results show that AI Skin Analysis is not an independent legal subject and its output cannot replace the professional authority of the doctor. This position is determined by the legal framework governing health services, professional standards, electronic systems, and patient protection, including Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, and Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. Accordingly, the legal liability of the doctor is primarily determined by whether the AI output has been professionally verified and integrated into the clinical assessment in accordance with the applicable professional standards, while the liability of the clinic relates to the provision, governance, security, and oversight of the AI system used in health services. Patient protection includes the right to obtain adequate information, personal data protection, and access to legal remedies when a violation of legal or professional obligations causes harm. Accordingly, legal liability for AI-assisted diagnostic errors cannot automatically be imposed on the doctor or the clinic solely because an AI error has occurred, but must be determined by examining the source of the error, the obligations of each party, the presence or absence of negligence or other legal violations, and the causal relationship between the violation and the harm suffered by the patient.

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