THE EFFECT OF THE COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION (CIRC) LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING MOTIVATION AND READING LITERACY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v15i1.7394Keywords:
CIRC learning model, learning motivation, reading literacy, elementary education, cooperative learningAbstract
This study aims to examine the effect of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) learning model on students' learning motivation and reading literacy. This study uses a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent posttest-only control group design. The study population was fifth-grade students at Muhammadiyah Elementary School in Kupang City, with a sample size of 58 students divided into an experimental group and a control group. Data collection was conducted using a learning motivation questionnaire and a reading literacy test that had undergone validity and reliability tests. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis (MANOVA). The results showed that the CIRC learning model had a significant simultaneous effect on students' learning motivation and reading literacy. Students taught using the CIRC model had higher learning motivation and reading literacy skills than students taught using conventional learning models. These findings indicate that the CIRC learning model is effective in improving the learning motivation and reading literacy of elementary school students.
References
Afif, N. (2024). Enhancing Student Motivation in Arabic Language Learning through the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Model: A Case Study in Islamic Schools of Banten. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(4), 5211–5219. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i4.6003
Afriantoni, Dhea, A.-Z. V., Sari, W., & Nuria. (2025). Analisis Motivasi Belajar Siswa di Era Kurikulum Merdeka. MANJERIAL: Jurnal Inovasi Manajemen Dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 5(1), 10–17.
Afrizal, M. (2025). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa. Journal of Primary Education, 4(1), 85–93. https://rayyanjurnal.com/index.php/jpa/article/view/4115
Afrizal, M., Yuliana, R., & Rokmanah, S. (2025). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Peserta Didik Kelas IV SDN Krenceng I. Jurnal Pendidikan Amartha, 4(1), 85–93.
Arisqa, W. P., Anas, N., Islam, U., Sumatera, N., & Diski, F. (2025). The Effect of the CIRC (Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition) Model on the Reading Comprehension Skills of Fifth Grade Students in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Attadrib: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 8(2), 411–420. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54069/attadrib.v8i2.921
Astuti, I. A., Suhandi, A., Sopandi, W., Sujana, A., & Nurnaningrum, G. (2025). Analysis of Elementary School Students’ Science Process Skills in the Merdeka Curriculum. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(2), 837–844. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i2.10147
Cham, H., Lee, H., & Migunov, I. (2024). Quasi-experimental designs for causal inference: an overview. Asia Pacific Education Review, 25, 611–627. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-024-09981-2.
Dewinna, R. F. (2025). Analysis of the Use of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Method in Improving Elementary School Students’ English Reading and Writing Skills. International Journal of Curriculum Development, Teaching and Learning Innovation, 3(2), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.35335/curriculum.v3i2.215
Diana, R., Setiyawan, A., Bagas Purnama, B., Nanda Safitri, S., Ziad Al-Fain, M., Wazkia, H., & Riskiyah, R. (2025). Transformation of the CIRC (Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition) Model to Enhance Qira’ah. Kalamuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Kebahasaaraban, 6(1), 187–205. https://doi.org/10.52593/klm.06.1.12
Fikriyah, L., Niam, F., & Saifudin, A. (2022). Manajemen Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Jigsaw Berbasis Gambar pada Mata Pelajaran IPS untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi Siswa Kelas 4 SD Islam Kota Blitar. Patria Eduacational Journal (PEJ), 2(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.28926/pej.v2i1.303
Gayatry, P., Suriani, A., Azima, N. F., & Yent, Y. (2025). The Implementation of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Learning Model to Improve Reading Comprehension Skills in Fourth Grade at SDN 01 Lubuak Batingkok, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. T S A Q O F A H: Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia, 5(3), 2526–2535. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v5i3.5925
Ghafar, Z. N. (2023). International Journal of Arts and Humanities The Teacher-Centered and the Student-Centered: A Comparison of Two Approaches. International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 1(1), 1–6.
Gopalan, M., Rosinger, K., & Ahn, J. (2020). Experimental Research Designs in Education Research: Growth, Promise, and Challenges. Review of Research in Education, 44, 218–243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732x20903302
Harsiati, T. (2018). Karaketristik soal literasi membaca dan program pisa. Jurnal Litera, 17(1), 90–106.
Henry Wasosa. (2025). Influence of Psychological Well-Being and School Factors on Delinquency , During the Covid-19 Period Among Secondary School Students in Selected Schools in Nakuru County : Kenya. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), VII(2454), 1175–1189. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS
Indrayadi, T. (2021). Modifying and Assessing Validity and Reliability of Motivation for Reading Questionnaire. Tarbawi : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 17(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.32939/tarbawi.v17i1.697
Juhana, J. (2025). Insights into Reading Comprehension: A Qualitative Exploration of STAD and CIRC Learning Models among Students. Scope : Journal of English Language Teaching, 9(2), 912. https://doi.org/10.30998/scope.v9i2.26461
Julyanti, E. (2021). Sekolah Menengah Pertama the Effect of Motivation on Student ’ S Learning Outcomes in First High School. 7(1), 7–11.
Khalaf, B. K., & Zin, Z. B. M. (2018). Traditional and inquiry-based learning pedagogy: A systematic critical review. International Journal of Instruction, 11(4), 545–564. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11434a
Naing, C., Chellappan, D. K., Shew Fung, W., Riegelman, A., & Whittaker, M. A. (2019). PROTOCOL: The effects of flipped classrooms to improve learning outcomes in undergraduate health professional education: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1041
Notanubun, Z., Ririhena, R. L., & Notanubun, E. (2024). Enhancing Reading Ability Through the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Model: A Study with Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students. KnE Social Sciences, 2024(1), 685–696. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i31.17626
Nuryani, N., Utami, N. C. M., & Nurhasanah, N. (2025). Analisis Model Cooperative Integrated Reading Composition dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Membaca Siswa Kelas 5 SD. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.37329/cetta.v8i1.3832
Peterianus, S., Tri Suarno, D., & Septiadi, W. (2019). VOX EDUKASI : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 10(2), 120–128.
Petersen, C. I., Baepler, P., Beitz, A., Ching, P., Gorman, K. S., Neudauer, C. L., Rozaitis, W., Walker, J. D., & Wingert, D. (2020). The tyranny of content: “content coverage” as a barrier to evidence-based teaching approaches and ways to overcome it. CBE Life Sciences Education, 19(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-04-0079
Pooja Desai. (2024). Modernising Education for the Learner-Centric Era. International Education and Research Journal, 10(9), 68–72. https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24244642951248
Putri, P. N., Rachmadiarti, F., Purnomo, T., & Satriawan, M. (2025). Measuring Scientific Literacy of Students’ Through Environmental Issues Based on PISA 2025 Science Framework. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10413
Rahmi, Y., & Marnola, I. (2020). Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Melalui Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Compotion (Circ). Jurnal Basicedu, 4(3), 662–672. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i3.406
Rigdel, K. S., & Tshering, N. (2025). An Examination of Factors Linked to Poor Academic Performance of Primary School Students. Anatolian Journal of Education, 10(1), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.29333/aje.2025.10112a
Rizkiyani, S. (2024). Validitas e-modul interaktif berbasis model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing pada materi gelombang bunyi. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 9(2), 1458–1464. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v9i2.2385
Sakkir, G., & Haturrahma, M. (2023). The Challenges in Teaching Writing through Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Strategy. ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(3), 391–396. https://doi.org/10.35877/soshum1971
Saofa, M., & Ramadahan, I. (2025). Improving Reading Ability Using Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (CIRC) Learning Method In Class XI Students Of SMAN 1 Gunungsari. Journal of Education and Social Science, 1(2), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.70716/jess.v1i2.103
Sarwar, N., Syed, A., & Ullah, S. (2023). Unraveling the Motivational Factors Contributing to Low Achievement in General Science among Elementary School Students. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 7(IV). https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2023(7-iv)13
Siti Hasny Nur, Ahmad Suriansyah, & Wahdah Refia Rafianti. (2024). Analisis Penggunaan Model Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa di Kelas Tinggi Sekolah Dasar. Journal Innovation In Education, 3(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.59841/inoved.v3i1.2081
Utami, S. H. A., Marwoto, P., & Sumarni, W. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Sains pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Ditinjau dari Aspek Konten, Proses, dan Konteks Sains. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 10(2), 380–390. https://doi.org/10.24815/jpsi.v10i2.23802
Wae, P., & Herwin. (2025). Improving Elementary Students’ Reading Skills Through the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition Method. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 8(3), 456–465. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v8i3.71995
Wang, X., & Jin, Y. (2021). A Validation of the Chinese Motivation for Reading Questionnaire. Journal of Literacy Research, 53(3), 336–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086296X211030474
Wicaksono, Y., & Putri, T. K. W. (2023). Effectiveness of reading strategy implementation in learning reading comprehension. Caraka: Jurnal Ilmu Kebahasaan, Kesastraan, Dan Pembelajarannya, 9(2), 147–159.
Wismiati, I., Suzanti, F., & Daryanes, F. (2025). Improving students’ cognitive learning outcomes through quizizz learning media. Inornatus: Biology Education Journal, 5(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.30862/inornatus.v5i1.735
Yuliastri, N. N. A., Putrayasa, I. B., & Sanjaya, D. B. (2025). Application of the CIRC Model to Elementary School Students’ Reading Comprehension Skills. MIMBAR PGSD Undiksha, 13(2), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpgsd.v13i2.92969
Yusof, S., & Jusoh, A. J. (2023). Validation of the Career Exploration Survey-Revised (CESR) Questionnaires among Secondary School Students in Malaysia. 6(2), 83–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7798239
.png)
