THE DARK SIDE OF SCHOOL LIFE: AN ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT BEHAVIOR THAT THREATENS THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6613Abstract
Deviant behavior in elementary schools such as bullying, harassment, and verbal or physical aggression reflects a moral crisis and weak social control within the learning environment. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a qualitative approach to analyze forms of deviant student behavior that threaten the school climate, identify their causal factors, and formulate effective prevention strategies. Thematic analysis of national and international studies reveals that such behavior is influenced by internal factors, including low emotional intelligence, empathy, and learning motivation, as well as external factors, such as authoritarian parenting, negative peer environments, and weak school supervision. These behaviors negatively impact academic achievement, psychological well-being, and students’ social adjustment. Effective prevention requires collaboration among schools, families, and communities through social-emotional learning programs, teacher training in behavior management, safe reporting mechanisms, and strict anti-bullying policies. The findings have practical implications for teachers and policymakers in Indonesia to strengthen character education, empathy, and moral reasoning within the curriculum and to promote a safe, inclusive, and supportive school environment.
References
Alfath, I., Wantini, W., & Diponegoro, D. (2025). The urgency of social emotional development of elementary school children in improving character education. Islam in World Perspectives, 4(1), 110–119.
Amalina, I. D., & Masyithoh, S. (2024). Pendidikan seksual dalam pencegahan pelecehan seksual di sekolah dasar. Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 1(10), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11217243
Asnia, Z., & Muthohar, S. (2024). Faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku agresif anak usia dini. Aulad: Journal on Early Childhood, 7(3), 1047–1057. https://doi.org/10.31004/aulad.v7i3.814
Dewi, P. Y. A. (2020). Perilaku school bullying pada siswa sekolah dasar. Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 1(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.55115/edukasi.v1i1.526
Fikriyyah, J., Yansyah, K. F., & Syahira, A. (2024). Korelasi pencegahan bullying terhadap motivasi belajar bagi anak sekolah dasar 212 Harapan Kota Bandung. Jurnal Sadewa, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.61132/sadewa.v2i3.946
Gularso, D., & Indrianawati, M. (2022). Kenakalan siswa di sekolah dasar. Taman Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Ke-SD-an, 6(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.30738/tc.v6i1.12205
Hardyanti, W. (2023). Bullying is never ending: Construction of reporting on cases of bullying in schools: Framing analysis on local mainstream media. Jurnal Komunikasi dan Bisnis, 11(2), 228–245. https://doi.org/10.46806/jkb.v11i2.992
Hosokawa, R., Matsumoto, Y., Nishida, C., et al. (2024). Enhancing social-emotional skills in early childhood: Intervention study on the effectiveness of social and emotional learning. BMC Psychology, 12, 761. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02280-w
Jaya, F. P., & Ariyati, N. (2024). Analysis of disciplinary characteristics of elementary school students: A survey research. Journal of Indonesian Primary School, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.62945/jips.v1i1.10
Julista, A. R., Hakim, L., & Hasibuan, E. S. (2024). Juridical study of regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology number 46 of 2023 concerning the prevention and handling of violence in the environment of education units. Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 2(4), 254–260. https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v2i4.290
Kisda, Y. V., Ravika, A., & Septarina, A. (2024). Analisis peran sekolah dalam mengatasi masalah perilaku menyimpang siswa di SDN 08 Indralaya Utara. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Kebudayaan dan Agama, 2(3), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.59024/jipa.v2i3.738
Listiani, P. F., Fauziah, M., Fatmala, A. D. E., Fathurahman, F., Khaerima, M., & Azizah, N. N. (2024). Perilaku bullying pada anak di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurripen.v3i1.2672
Lukács, J. Á., Takács, J., Soósné Kiss, Z., et al. (2023). The effects of a cyberbullying intervention programme among primary school students. Child & Youth Care Forum, 52, 893–911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-022-09714-9
Maisaroh, S., & Jannah, S. M. (2025). Analisis perilaku bullying siswa di sekolah dasar. G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 9(3), 2249–2260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-022-09714-9
Maulida, H., Darmiany, D., & Rosyidah, A. N. K. (2022). Analisis dampak perilaku verbal bullying terhadap kepercayaan diri siswa di SDN 20 Ampenan tahun pelajaran 2022/2023. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 7(3c), 1861–1868. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v7i3c.856
Melawati, L. B. (2024). Exploration of child bullying cases and school-based anti-bullying interventions and community empowerment in Semarang City. Journal of Gender Equality Disability Social Inclusion and Children, 2(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.61511/jgedsic.v2i1.2024.879
Pebrianti, S. R. (2025). Analisis pembentukan karakter peserta didik melalui budaya sekolah di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan, 19(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30595/jkp.v19i1.25692
Putri, A. B. E., Badarussyamsi, B., & Yusria, Y. (2023). Pola asuh orangtua dalam perkembangan sosial emosional anak usia dini. Journal of Educational Research, 2(1), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.56436/jer.v2i1.220
Ragusa, A., Caggiano, V., Obregón-Cuesta, A. I., González-Bernal, J. J., Fernández-Solana, J., Mínguez-Mínguez, L. A., León-del-Barco, B., Mendo-Lázaro, S., Di Petrillo, E., & González-Santos, J. (2023). The influence of bullying on positive emotions and their effect as mediators between controllable attributions of success and academic performance. Children, 10(6), 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10060929
Rahman, F., & Moulana, M. R. (2025). Dampak bullying terhadap psikologi, fisik, dan sosial pada siswa sekolah dasar. Advances in Education Journal, 1(6), 638–649. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v9i3.5400
Ramonita, L. (2025). Konstruksi pengalaman siswa tentang gaya komunikasi guru, motivasi belajar, dan lingkungan sekolah di MTS Al-Hudaebiyah Cidahu. Jurnal Pendidikan Berkelanjutan, 6(3).
Samara, M., Da Silva Nascimento, B., El-Asam, A., Hammuda, S., & Khattab, N. (2021). How can bullying victimisation lead to lower academic achievement? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the mediating role of cognitive-motivational factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052209
Sharpe, G. (2024). Barriers to reporting teachers’ abuse of students. International Journal of Learning and Development, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v14i2.21924
Subagia, I. (2021). Pola asuh orang tua: Faktor, implikasi terhadap perkembangan karakter anak. Nilacakra.
Sumardi, S., Giyartini, R., Nibrashanti, N., & Nur, L. (2020). Analisis perilaku school bullying pada siswa kelas IV di SD. Indonesian Journal of Primary Education, 4(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijpe.v4i1.23683
Sunanih, dkk. (2025). Analisis pengaruh perilaku bullying terhadap prestasi akademik siswa di sekolah dasar. Dewantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Humaniora, 4(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.30640/dewantara.v4i1.3767
Syahrir, S., Pujiriyanto, P., As, M., Nur, F. A. M., & Fitri, S. (2024). Primary school STEM education innovation through ICT integration for teacher competency development: A systematic literature review. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 9(1), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v9i1.4896
Tondang, B., Zahara, D., Simarmata, G. L., Meisahruni, R. S., Purba, S. N., & Ritonga, R. (2025). Tinjauan teoritis: Faktor internal dan eksternal problematika akademik di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia, 2(5), 8862–8874.
Ummah, S. Z., Zumrotun, E., & Muhaimin, M. (2025). Dampak psikologis bullying terhadap motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa di SDN 1 Mindahan. JANACITTA, 8(1), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.35473/janacitta.v8i1.3788
UNICEF. (2023). Roots Indonesia programme evaluation: Reducing bullying in schools. Jakarta: UNICEF Indonesia.
Yang, H., Chen, J., & Zhang, L. (2020). Student classroom misbehavior: Teachers’ perception and response. Teaching and Teacher Education, 94(3).
Yosep, I., Hikmat, R., & Mardhiyah, A. (2023). School-based nursing interventions for preventing bullying and reducing its incidence on students: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1577. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021577
Zahra, O. A., Ariyani, F., & Riswari, L. A. (2024). Analisis dampak perilaku bullying terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Kayuapu. Jurnal Nakula: Pusat Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa dan Ilmu Sosial, 2(2), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.61132/nakula.v2i2.605
Zhang, S., Mulhall, P. F., Flowers, N., & Lee, N. Y. (2021). Bullying reporting concerns as a mediator between school climate and bullying victimization/aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(21–22), NP11531–NP11554. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519889926
.png)
