ANALYSIS OF CYBERBULLYING DISCOURSE: LINGUISTIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN UNCOVERING POWER DYNAMICS IN CYBERSPACE

ANALISIS WACANA CYBERBULLYING: PERSPEKTIF LINGUISTIK DAN SOSIOLOGI DALAM MENGUNGKAP DINAMIKA KEKUASAAN DI DUNIA MAYA

Authors

  • Oman Sukmana Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia
  • Mukhrizal Arif Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
  • Indra Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6510

Keywords:

Wacana, Cyberbullying, Linguistik, Sosiologi, Kekuasaan, Resistensi

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to analyze in depth the representation of power dynamics and social hierarchy in cyberbullying through discourse patterns and communication strategies. The research also seeks to explain how social norms or power structures in the real world are replicated and strengthened in online interactions involving cyberbullying. The uniqueness of the research is that it integrates linguistic and sociological perspectives comprehensively, in contrast to previous research that tends to focus on one of the disciplines, in order to offer a holistic analysis of the phenomenon of cyberbullying. This study adopts the narrative literature review method, a systematic qualitative approach to identify, evaluate, and synthesize findings from previous studies related to the representation of women in Indonesian horror films. The findings of the study show that cyberbullying is a multidimensional phenomenon that involves the complexity of language, social interaction, and power structures in the digital realm. Cyberbullying, which manifests itself in many forms, inherently reflects the power imbalance between perpetrator and victim, often reinforced by the anonymity and wide reach of  digital platforms. However, the resistance of discourse and power back shows that victims are not always passive, but are able to implement linguistic strategies to challenge this dominance, restore agency, and even encourage social change.

References

Abd.Alromima, D., & Sutantri, S. (2024). Factors Affecting Smoking Behaviour among University Students in Yemen and Indonesia: Literature Review. Research Square (Research Square). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5547685/v1

Agustiningsih, N., & Pandin, M. G. R. (2021). Personal Resources, Emotion Regulation, Parenting Style, Social Support On Cyberbullying Victims: A Literature Review [Review of Personal Resources, Emotion Regulation, Parenting Style, Social Support On Cyberbullying Victims: A Literature Review]. medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.09.21267506

Akbar, M. A. (2015). Cyberbullying pada Media Online (Studi Analisis Isi tentang Cyberbullying pada Remaja di Facebook). https://digilib.uns.ac.id/dokumen/detail/49167

Ando, A., & Ozarchevici, M. (2024). Amplification by Anonymity, An Unassuming Tool of Cyberbullying. International Journal of Legal and Social Order, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.55516/ijlso.v4i1.212

Anggraini, I. D., & Sarah, N. N. (2025). Melanggengkan Patriarki: Pembingkaian Media terhadap Kasus Perundungan Perempuan dalam Wacana Berita Digital. Pujangga, 11(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.47313/pujangga.v11i1.4106

Azman, N. F., & Zamri, N. A. K. (2025). “Keling,” “Cina,” and “Meleis”: Ethnic Slurs, Social Media, and the Dynamics of Digital Hate Speech in Malaysia". Research Square (Research Square). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6726259/v1

Baranidharan, S., Sankarkumar, A. V., Chandrakala, G., Narayanan, R., & Sathyanarayana, K. (2023). The Role of Social Media in Empowering Digital Financial Literacy. In Advances in social networking and online communities book series (p. 80). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7450-1.ch006

Chan, T. K. H., Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee, Z. W. Y. (2020). Cyberbullying on social networking sites: A literature review and future research directions [Review of Cyberbullying on social networking sites: A literature review and future research directions]. Information & Management, 58(2), 103411. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2020.103411

Damsar, D. (2012). Pengantar Sosiologi Pendidikan. Jakarta: Kencana.

Davidovitch, N., & Yavich, R. (2023). The Association Between Social Media Use, Cyberbullying, and Gender. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 81(6), 776. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/23.81.776

Elanda, Y., & Pitaloka, A. A. (2022). Pelakor Syar’i: Kekerasan Simbolik Terhadap Perempuan dalam Media Sosial. Jurnal Wanita Dan Keluarga, 3(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.22146/jwk.5204

Evangelio, C., Saiz-González, P., Fernández‐Río, J., & González‐Víllora, S. (2021). Cyberbullying in elementary and middle school students: A systematic review [Review of Cyberbullying in elementary and middle school students: A systematic review]. Computers & Education, 176, 104356. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104356

Forssell, R. (2019). Cyberbullying in a boundary blurred working life. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management An International Journal, 15(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.1108/qrom-05-2018-1636

Haryanto, S. (2016). Sosiologi Agama dari Klasik hingga Postmodern. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.

Haryanto, S., Sandra, M., & Rina. (2012). SPEKTRUM TEORI SOSIAL: Dari Klasik Hingga Postmodern. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.

Hidajat, M., Adam, A. R., Danaparamita, M., & Suhendrik, S. (2015). Dampak Media Sosial dalam Cyber Bullying. ComTech Computer Mathematics and Engineering Applications, 6(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v6i1.2289

Indrawan, F. (2018). Impoliteness Strategy in Instagram Cyberbullying: A Case Study of Jennifer Dunn Posted by @Lambe_Turah. ETNOLINGUAL, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.20473/etno.v2i1.8440

Irwanto, I., Bahfiarti, T., & Unde, A. A. (2025). Digital transformation of youth violence in Indonesia: new responsibilities and social negotiations in the digital age. Frontiers in Communication, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1576389

Isnarini, E., Khaeruman, & Muti’ah, E. (2025). Social Media Sociolinguistics: Patterns, Trends, And The Dynamics Of Digital Language. LINGUA Jurnal Bahasa Sastra Dan Pengajarannya, 21(2), 189. https://doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v21i2.1050

Istiqomah, R. S. (2024). Upaya Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Cyberbullying Di Lingkungan Sekolah. Al Irsyad Jurnal Studi Islam, 3(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.54150/alirsyad.v3i1.254

Kim, J., Scroggins, J. K., Ledbetter, L., & Gagné, J. C. D. (2024). Cyberincivility among Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence [Review of Cyberincivility among Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence]. Journal of School Health, 94(8), 754. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13484

Kostyrka‐Allchorne, K., Stoilova, M., Bourgaize, J., Rahali, M., Livingstone, S., & Sonuga‐Barke, E. (2022). Review: Digital experiences and their impact on the lives of adolescents with pre‐existing anxiety, depression, eating and nonsuicidal self‐injury conditions – a systematic review [Review of Review: Digital experiences and their impact on the lives of adolescents with pre‐existing anxiety, depression, eating and nonsuicidal self‐injury conditions – a systematic review]. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 28(1), 22. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12619

Lasamahu, J., Sopacua, M. G., & Fadillah, A. N. (2025). Kajian Yuridis Kejahatan Cyber Bullying Di Media Sosial. 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.47268/sanisa.v5i1.3022

Liang, X. (2024). The Cause and Influence of Cyberbullying. Journal of Education Humanities and Social Sciences, 26, 661. https://doi.org/10.54097/zp49e018

Marín‐López, I., Zych, I., Ruiz, R. O., Monks, C. P., & Llorent, V. J. (2020). Empathy online and moral disengagement through technology as longitudinal predictors of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105144

Marlef, A., Masyhuri, M., & Muda, Y. (2024). Mengenal dan Mencegah Cyberbullying: Tantangan Dunia Digital. Journal of Education Research, 5(3), 4002. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i3.1295

Martono, N., Tri Utami, S. P., Plummer, K., & Samuel, H. (2012). KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK DI SEKOLAH (Sebuah Ide Sosiologi Pendidikan Pierre Bourdieu) Dominasi Kelas dan Kapitalisasi Gaya Baru Melalui Buku Pelajaran. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Muhammadiah, M., Rahmat, S. T., Fatmawati, E., Johan, A. B., & Pattiasina, P. J. (2022). How Teacher Creativity Brings to Indonesian Language Teaching Innovations in The Multimedia Era. Nazhruna Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(1), 169. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v5i1.2003

Murwani, E. (2023). Pemetaan pola keragaman konten perilaku perundungan daring pada remaja melalui media sosial. Deleted Journal, 7(1), 319. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v7i1.6105

Muttaqin, M. Z., & Ambarwati, N. (2020). Cyberbullying and Woman Oppression. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201219.083

Nee, C. N., Samsudin, N., Chuan, H. M., Ridzuan, M. I. B. M., Ooi, P. B., Mohamad, A. M. B., & Scheithauer, H. (2023). The digital defence against cyberbullying: A systematic review of tech-based approaches [Review of The digital defence against cyberbullying: A systematic review of tech-based approaches]. Cogent Education, 10(2). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2023.2288492

Nexø, L. A. (2024). Toxic Behaviours in Esport : A Review of Data-Collection Methods Applied in Studying Toxic In-Gaming Behaviours [Review of Toxic Behaviours in Esport : A Review of Data-Collection Methods Applied in Studying Toxic In-Gaming Behaviours]. Research Portal Denmark, 1(1). Technical University of Denmark. https://local.forskningsportal.dk/local/dki-cgi/ws/cris-link?src=aau&id=aau-d5d91767-a80c-477e-af8e-eacf81076976&ti=Toxic%20Behaviours%20in%20Esport%20%3A%20A%20Review%20of%20Data-Collection%20Methods%20Applied%20in%20Studying%20Toxic%20In-Gaming%20Behaviours

Ni, J., Fu, H., Zhu, Y., Li, Z.-Y., Wang, S., & Su, H. (2025). Social media usage and cyberbullying: the moderating role of tie strength. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1490022

Noviana, N. (2024). Tinjauan Kriminologis Mengenai Cyberbullying di Kota Makassar. Ranah Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 6(6), 2988. https://doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v6i6.1166

Purba, B., Amin, A., & Manullan, H. M. (2025). Edukasi Pengenalan Dampak Psikologi Dari Cyber Bullying di Media Sosial Bagi Siswa. Deleted Journal, 2(4), 724. https://doi.org/10.62335/maju.v2i4.1600

Recuero, R. (2024). The Platformization of Violence: Toward a Concept of Discursive Toxicity on Social Media. Social Media + Society, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231224264

Recuero, R., & Tavares, C. Q. (2025). Toxicity & Symbolic Violence: A Framework for Studying Violence on Social Media Platforms. AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.5210/spir.v2024i0.14040

Riskiyah, F., & Al-Uyun, D. (2022). Resistance of Women Survivors of Sexual Violence in Social Media. PALASTREN Jurnal Studi Gender, 15(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.21043/palastren.v15i2.16231

Romualdo, C., Oliveira, W. A. de, Nucci, L. B., Fernández, J. E. R., Silva, L. S. da, Freires, É. M., Vitta, A. S. L., Semolini, F. F., Ferro, L. da R., Micheli, D. D., & Andrade, A. L. M. (2025). Cyberbullying victimization predicts substance use and mental health problems in adolescents: data from a large-scale epidemiological investigation. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1499352

Salawu, S., He, Y., & Lumsden, J. (2017). Approaches to Automated Detection of Cyberbullying: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 11(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2017.2761757

Santosa, M. P. S. A. (2020). Sociolingustics Approach: Impoliteness Strategy in Instagram Cyberbullying in @Lambe_Turah’s post of KPAI’s Case. Aksis Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 4(1), 161. https://doi.org/10.21009/aksis.04015

Sari, N. I., & Septiani, E. (2024). The Use of Language in Anti-Bullying Campaigns on Social Media. Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research, 2(4), 304. https://doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v2i4.254

Semeen, H., & Islam, M. A. (2020). Social impact disclosure and symbolic power: Evidence from UK fair trade organizations. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 79, 102182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2020.102182

Sitanggang, F. Y., Hutabarat, E. M., Waruwu, T. A. S., & Batubara, A. (2024). Identifikasi Bentuk-Bentuk Perundungan Dan Tindakan Sekolah Dalam Penanganan Kasus Bullying Di Smp Negeri 14 Kota Medan. Indonesian Culture and Religion Issues., 1(2), 9. https://doi.org/10.47134/diksima.v1i2.12

Stevens, L. T., Coleman, J. N., Waasdorp, T. E., & Mehari, K. R. (2024). Longitudinal Relations Between Cyber Dating Aggression and Cyberbullying in Adolescence. International Journal of Bullying Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-024-00264-3

Sukmana, O. (2016). Konsep dan Teori Gerakan Sosial. Malang: Insist Press.

Suwastini, N. K. A., Widiastuti, N. P. S., Adnyani, N. L. P. S., Mahayanti, N. W. S., & Asril, N. M. (2024). Cyberbullying issues on a transgender Instagram account. Borneo Educational Journal (Borju), 6(2), 140. https://doi.org/10.24903/bej.v6i2.1697

Syahid, A., Sudana, D., & Bachari, A. D. (2023). Cyberbullying on Social Media in Indonesia and Its Legal Impact: Analysis of Language Use in Ethnicity, Religious, Racial, and Primordial Issues. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 13(8), 1938. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1308.09

Tarigan, D. M. B., Riwu, L., & Monika, S. (2022). Use of Cyberbullying Language on Instagram Social Media. SHS Web of Conferences, 149, 1047. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214901047

Tsani, E. M., Augest, W. K., Hidayat, R. A., & Sahfrina, N. A. (2024). Cyberbullying: Tantangan Bagi Pengguna Media Sosial Terhadap Kesehatan Mental di Indonesia. Student Scientific Creativity Journal, 2(4), 20. https://doi.org/10.55606/sscj-amik.v2i4.3319

Utami, A. S. F., & Baiti, N. (2018). Pengaruh Media Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Cyberbullying Pada Kalangan Remaja. Cakrawala - Jurnal Humaniora, 18(2), 257. https://doi.org/10.31294/jc.v18i2.3680

Vu, N. V., Nazari, M. A., Dang, T., Muralev, Y., Mohanraj, M., Tran, T., & Quoc, H. A. (2025). Type of the Paper: Article. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5384374

Wilhelm, C. (2020). Gendered (in)visibility in digital media contexts. Studies in Communication Sciences. https://doi.org/10.24434/j.scoms.2021.01.007

Xia, Z., & Ni, Y. (2024). Two Decades’ Development of Systemic Functional Linguistics Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Research Square (Research Square). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4473690/v1

Xu, Q. (2025). Investigating the Moderating Effect of Language Attitude in the Interplay Among Social Media Addiction, Social Pain and Internet Trolling in College Students. Behavioral Sciences, 15(5), 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050586

Zhong, J., Qiu, J., Sun, M., Jin, X., Zhang, J., Guo, Y., Qiu, X., Xu, Y., Huang, J., & Zheng, Y. (2022). To Be Ethical and Responsible Digital Citizens or Not: A Linguistic Analysis of Cyberbullying on Social Media. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861823

Downloads

Published

2025-11-24

How to Cite

Oman Sukmana, Arif, M., & Indra. (2025). ANALYSIS OF CYBERBULLYING DISCOURSE: LINGUISTIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN UNCOVERING POWER DYNAMICS IN CYBERSPACE: ANALISIS WACANA CYBERBULLYING: PERSPEKTIF LINGUISTIK DAN SOSIOLOGI DALAM MENGUNGKAP DINAMIKA KEKUASAAN DI DUNIA MAYA. SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL, 14(4), 2803–2813. https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6510

Most read articles by the same author(s)