DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP SKILLS SURVEY IN HIGH SCHOOL
SURVEI KETERAMPILAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DIGITAL DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6458Keywords:
Skills; Citizenship; Digital; High School Students; Pancasila EducationAbstract
This research is motivated by the need to understand the digital citizenship skills of high school students as part of strengthening Global Citizenship Education and integrating the Pancasila Education curriculum. The purpose of the research is to measure students' digital citizenship skills, identify strengths and weaknesses in each dimension, and provide recommendations for curriculum development. The method used was a quantitative survey with 896 respondents from public high schools in the city of Bandung. The instrument in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire covers four dimensions: Digital Access, Digital Communication, Digital Etiquette, and Digital Rights & Responsibilities. The results showed that students' skills were in the medium to high category, with strengths in the aspects of digital security and polite communication, while weaknesses were seen in the creativity of positive content and the ability to explain ideas clearly. These findings underscore the importance of learning that emphasizes not only technical literacy, but also critical communication, empathy, and productive contributions in the digital space. As a result, the results of this study provide an empirical basis for schools and policymakers in strengthening the Pancasila Education curriculum based on deep learning. The next recommendation is the need for longitudinal research and curriculum interventions to optimize the role of students as critical, ethical, and participatory digital citizens.
References
Ananto, P., & Ningsih, S. K. (2023). An examination of Indonesian teachers’ and students’ perception and level of digital citizenship. Heliyon, 9(8), e18987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18987
Arnulf, J. K., Larsen, K. R., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2018). Respondent Robotics: Simulating Responses to Likert-Scale Survey Items. Sage Open, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018764803
Choi, M. (2016). A Concept Analysis of Digital Citizenship for Democratic Citizenship Education in the Internet Age. Theory & Research in Social Education, 44(4), 565–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2016.1210549
Combrinck, C. (2024). Not Liking the Likert? A Rasch Analysis of Forced-choice Format and Usefulness in Survey Design. Sage Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241295501
Connolly, R., & Miller, J. (2022). Evaluating and Revising the Digital Citizenship Scale. Informatics, 9(3), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9030061
Dass, A., & Kumar M.P.M, P. (2024). Instruments for measuring Digital Citizenship Competence in schools: a scoping review. Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society, 20(2), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1135934
Fernández-Prados, J. S., Lozano-Díaz, A., & Ainz-Galende, A. (2021). Measuring Digital Citizenship: A Comparative Analysis. Informatics, 8(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010018
Hu, P., & Xu, H. (2024). Student Teachers’ Perceptions and Application of Questionnaire Survey in an EFL Context. Sage Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241245621
Iskandar, R., Maksum, A., & Marini, A. (2025). Digital citizenship literacy in Indonesia: The role of privacy awareness and social campaigns. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 101697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101697
Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Republik Indonesia. (2025). Naskah Akademik Pembelajaran Mendalam: Menuju Pendidikan Bermutu Untuk Semua. Kemendikdasmen.
Muller, S. H., van Thiel, G. J., Mostert, M., & van Delden, J. J. (2023). Dynamic consent, communication and return of results in large-scale health data reuse: Survey of public preferences. DIGITAL HEALTH, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231190997
Peart, M. T., Gutiérrez-Esteban, P., & Cubo-Delgado, S. (2020). Development of the digital and socio-civic skills (DIGISOC) questionnaire. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(6), 3327–3351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09824-y
Prasetiyo, W. H., Naidu, N. B. M., Sari, B. I., Mustofa, R. H., Rahmawati, N., Wijaya, G. P. A., & Hidayat, O. T. (2021). Survey data of internet skills, internet attitudes, computer self-efficacy, and digital citizenship among students in Indonesia. Data in Brief, 39, 107569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107569
Prasetiyo, W. H., Naidu, N. B. M., Tan, B. P., & Sumardjoko, B. (2021). Digital citizenship trend in educational sphere: A systematic review. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 10(4), 1192. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i4.21767
Redecker, C., & Punie, Y. (2017). European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators: DigCompEdu. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/178382
Ribble, M. (2011). Digital Citizenship in Schools: Nine Elements All Students Should Know. International Society for Tech in Ed.
Tapias, B. H., Guzmán, D. H., Muñoz, P. C., & Duarte, N. R. (2024). Digital Citizenship and Sustainable Governance: A Design Thinking Approach. Procedia Computer Science, 231, 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.12.175
UNESCO. (2023). Digital citizenship in Asia-Pacific: translating competencies for teacher innovation and student resilience. In Digital citizenship in Asia-Pacific: translating competencies for teacher innovation and student resilience. UNESCO Publishing. https://doi.org/10.54675/NNVF6123
UNESCO. (2024a). Global citizenship education in a digital age: Teacher guidelines. UNESCO Publishing.
UNESCO. (2024b). Global education monitoring report 2024/5: Leadership in education – Lead for learning. UNESCO Publishing.
UNESCO-UNEVOC. (2025). World Youth Skills Day 2025 youth survey report on AI and digital skills. UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training. UNESCO.
Vallès-Peris, N., & Domènech, M. (2024). Digital citizenship at school: Democracy, pragmatism and RRI. Technology in Society, 76, 102448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102448
Vuorikari, R., Kluzer, S., & Punie, Y. (2022). DigComp 2.2: The digital competence framework for citizens – With new examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Publications Office of the European Union.
Zhang, Y., Kaya, D. I., & van Wesemael, P. (2024). An assessment framework for digital participatory practices engaging youth in cultural heritage management. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 70, 408–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.014
Zheng, Y., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Wu, X., Ding, R., Luo, X., Liu, P., & Huang, J. (2024). Effects of digital game-based learning on students’ digital etiquette literacy, learning motivations, and engagement. Heliyon, 10(1), e23490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23490




.png)













