THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN NATURE AND ITS CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING INDIVIDUAL POTENTIAL IN THE DIGITAL ERA
KONSEP HAKIKAT MANUSIA DAN TANTANGANNYA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI INDIVIDU DI ERA DIGITAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i1.5328Keywords:
human nature, education, potential development, digital era, sustainable societyAbstract
This study aims to examine the fundamental nature of human beings, the role of environment and education in developing individual potential, and its implications for societal development. Using a literature review method, this research analyzes various sources from philosophical, scientific, social, and cultural perspectives. The findings indicate that humans, as rational, social, and ethical beings, possess unique potentials that can be nurtured through education, a supportive environment, and moral and spiritual values. Education serves as a key instrument in shaping character, fostering moral intelligence, and preparing individuals to face global dynamics. In the digital era, challenges and opportunities emerge alongside rapid technological advancement and social change. Therefore, a holistic approach is required—one that fosters synergy among education, social environment, and human-centered public policies. A deeper understanding of human nature can help build a more just, inclusive, and sustainable society. The study recommends strengthening character education, reinforcing social and cultural values, adapting to technological change, and promoting policies focused on human well-being.
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Carmel, Y. (2023). Human societal development: is it an evolutionary transition in individuality? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 378. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0409
Casla, K., & Sandner, M. (2024). Solidarity as Foundation for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Human Rights Law Review. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngae011
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Dacka, M. (2024). Moral Intelligence –Theory and in Education. Seminare. Poszukiwania Naukowe. https://doi.org/10.21852/sem.1826
Dmitrievskii, E. (2021). An Objectivity Of The Ideal In A Modern Philosophy. Rsuh/Rggu Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies. https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2021-2-28-37
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Fonagy, P., Campbell, C., Constantinou, M., Higgitt, A., Allison, E., & Luyten, P. (2021). Culture and psychopathology: An attempt at reconsidering the role of social learning. Development and Psychopathology, 34, 1205–1220. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421000092
García, A. F. A., Díaz, M. L. G., Santana, M. F. R., Flores, J. M. C., & Pesántez, C. V. B. (2024). Exploring the Evolution of Educational Methods: Perspectives from Imaginative Culture and Human Nature. Evolutionary Studies In Imaginative Culture. https://doi.org/10.56801/esic.v8.i1.5
Grossmann, M. (2021). Opportunities and Constraints of the Disciplines. How Social Science Got Better. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518977.003.0006
Hafizi, Z. (2023). The Importance Of Moral Education In The Formation Of Children’s Character. IJGIE (International Journal of Graduate of Islamic Education). https://doi.org/10.37567/ijgie.v4i2.2527
Herman, H., Purba, R., Silalahi, D., Sinaga, J. A. B., Sinaga, Y. K., Panjaitan, M., & Purba, L. (2022). The Role Of Formal Education In Shaping Students’ Character At Smk Swasta Teladan Tanah Jawa: A Case On Character Education. Abdi Dosen : Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.32832/abdidos.v6i3.1329
Heyets, V. (2021). Endogenous Social Progress as a Source of Economic Growth. Ekonomista, 1. https://doi.org/10.52335/DVQIGJYKFFF6
Immordino‐Yang, M. H., Nasir, N. S., Cantor, P., & Yoshikawa, H. (2023). Weaving a Colorful Cloth: Centering Education on Humans’ Emergent Developmental Potentials. Review of Research in Education, 47, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X231223516
Istomin, S. V., Myavlina, N. Z., & Syrnikova, L. (2023). Development Of Human Potential In The System Of Ensuring The Economic Security Of The Country. Scientific Review: Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2023-13-1-49-60
Kasavin, I. (2022). Science and Modern Humanism. Voprosy Filosofii. https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2022-9-47-58
Killen, M., & Dahl, A. (2021). Moral Reasoning Enables Developmental and Societal Change. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16, 1209–1225. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620964076
Koumparoudi, E. (2023). Human and Non-Human Consciousness: Do They Share Common Characteristics? RUDN Journal of Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2023-27-4-888-900
Laland, K., & Seed, A. (2021). Understanding Human Cognitive Uniqueness. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 689–716. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-062220-051256
Luby, J., Baram, T., Rogers, C., & Barch, D. (2020). Neurodevelopmental Optimization after Early-Life Adversity: Cross-Species Studies to Elucidate Sensitive Periods and Brain Mechanisms to Inform Early Intervention. Trends in Neurosciences, 43, 744–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.08.001
Maky, A. Y. H., & Iskandar, I. (2021). Hakikat Manusia Dan Potensinya Menurut Al-Qur’an Dan Hadits. Mushaf Journal: Jurnal Ilmu Al Quran Dan Hadis. https://doi.org/10.54443/mushaf.v1i1.11
Manukyan, Y. (2022). Camus’ Understanding of the Paradoxically Multidimensional Human Being. WISDOM. https://doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v3i2.866
Melchert, T. (2020). Development: biopsychosocial factors interacting over time. 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816426-6.00008-6
Mikheieva, O., & Myshchak, L. (2023). New Conditions Of The Socio-Cultural Environment Of Youth Students. Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work». https://doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2023.52.115-118
Molchanov, I. (2022). Modern Trends of Human Potential Development. Economic Revival of Russia. https://doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2022-4-74-28-40
Orlova, I. (2022). Innovative Approaches to Development of Human Potential in Modern Public Administration. Economic Affairs. https://doi.org/10.46852/0424-2513.4s.2022.25
Osher, D., Cantor, P., Berg, J., Steyer, L., & Rose, T. (2020). Drivers of human development: How relationships and context shape learning and development1. Applied Developmental Science, 24, 36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2017.1398650
Pardosi, M. (2024). A Reflection of Man as a Social Being in Human Philosophical Thought. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i5.997
Pd, R. P. M. P. I. Y. N. B. S. S. M. P. I. H. S. P. M. (2023). Pengantar Pendidikan. Cv. Azka Pustaka. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=01XKEAAAQBAJ
Pham, K. (2023). Karl Marx’s theory of human nature and its significance in educating people nowadays. Perspectives of Science and Education. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2023.2.35
Popov, E., Kolesnikova, O., & Zamjatina, O. (2021). Environment as a Socio-cultural Phenomenon. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 670. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/670/1/012026
Ramadhani, T., Widiyanta, D., Sumayana, Y., Rengga, Santoso, Y., Puspita, Agustin, D., & Al-Amin. (2024). The Role Of Character Education In Forming Ethical And Responsible Students. IJGIE (International Journal of Graduate of Islamic Education). https://doi.org/10.37567/ijgie.v5i2.3064
Raschi, F., & Zambernardi, L. (2024). The “negative” view of human nature: apologia for an unrealistic assumption. European Journal of International Relations. https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661241269698
Rasyid, H., Nabila, A. S., Idris, N., Arimbi, S. N., Rahmadani, S., Ramadhani, F., Ferawaty, F., Hilda, H., & Muis, A. A. (2023). Hakikat Manusia Dalam Pandangan Islam: Kesejahteraan dan Kesetaraan. At-Tuhfah. https://doi.org/10.32665/attuhfah.v12i2.2488
Reinhart, E., Carey, R., & Markus, H. (2024). Who feels they contribute to U.S. society? Helping behaviors and social class disparities in perceived contributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000411
Restian, A., & Widodo, R. (2019). Pengantar PENDIDIKAN. UMMPress. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=iTRxEAAAQBAJ
Riccardi, M. (2021). The Ideal Type. Nietzsche’s Philosophical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803287.003.0011
Safaryan, N. (2021). The Role Of The Socio-Cultural Environment Of The School In The Socialization Of Schoolchildren. The Impact of the Social Cultural Environment on Childhood: Challenges and Solutions. https://doi.org/10.24234/15ns2a21
Sarychev, V., & Plavkova, D. (2024). Leading Scientific Approaches To The Ways Of Forming The Human Potential Of Ukraine. Scientific Opinion: Economics and Management. https://doi.org/10.32782/2521-666x/2024-86-5
Shonkoff, J., Garner, A., Siegel, B., Dobbins, M., Earls, M., Mcguinn, L., Pascoe, J., & Wood, D. (2012). The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress. Pediatrics, 129. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2663
Smykowski, B. (2023). Aktualizacja potencjału człowieka jako kryterium pomyślności jego rozwoju. Nauka. https://doi.org/10.24425/nauka.2019.126183
Sohilait, E. (2021). Buku Ajar Pengantar Pendidikan. PT RajaGrafindo Persada, Depok. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=E7dbEAAAQBAJ
Triwiyanto, T. (2021). Pengantar Pendidikan. Bumi Aksara. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=grgmEAAAQBAJ
Upadhyay, A. (2022). A study on the Role of Education in various facets of Human Development. International Journal of Management and Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v11n05.003
Vashkevych, V., Krokhmal, N., Qi, C., Mordous, I., & Ratushna, T. (2021). Philosophical Discourse for the Development and Improvement of the Intellectualization of Human Nature. WISDOM. https://doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v20i4.559
Vazquez-Marin, P., Cuadrado, F., & López-Cobo, I. (2023). Connecting Sustainable Human Development and Positive Psychology through the Arts in Education: A Systematic Review. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032076
Waziri, N. (2021). Measuring the Unmeasurable in Education. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2020.1866267
Zuhdi, A., Firman, F., & Ahmad, R. (2021). The importance of education for humans. Journal of School Counseling, 6, 22–34. https://doi.org/10.23916/08742011
Alya, C., Triyuliasari, A., & Thomas, M. P. J. (2024). Islamic Educational Philosophy’s View of Humans. Jurnal Pendidikan Nusantara. https://doi.org/10.55080/jpn.v2i2.89
Amrona, Y. L., Anggraheni, U. S., Nurhuda, A., Fajri, M. Al, & Aziz, T. (2023). Human Nature In The Perspective Of Islamic Philosophy. Lisan Al-Hal: Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan. https://doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v17i2.204-216
Banamtuan, A. T., Lendrik, A., Sekolah, M., Injili, T., Alkitab, P., Manusia, H., & Jiwa, K. (2024). Kedalaman Jiwa: Perspektif Alkitab Tentang Hakekat Manusia. Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Kristen Dan Katolik. https://doi.org/10.61132/jbpakk.v2i2.315
Boniar, S., Vlasova, V., & Tarnovska, I. (2022). The influence of the socio-cultural environment on entrepreneurial activity. Bulletin of Lviv National Academy of Arts. https://doi.org/10.37131/2524-0943-2022-49-11
Breski, M., & Dor, D. (2021). Are Humans More Like Wolves or Dogs? 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2021.751566
Bryant, R., Lysova, E., & Khapova, S. (2023). Calling for a meaningful contribution? Bridging contributing to society with motivation theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1186547
Carmel, Y. (2023). Human societal development: is it an evolutionary transition in individuality? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 378. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0409
Casla, K., & Sandner, M. (2024). Solidarity as Foundation for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Human Rights Law Review. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngae011
Chikileva, L., Avdeeva, E., Gorbatenko, R., Drozdov, V., & Zorina, O. (2021). Thinking with Robert Sokolowski about phenomenology and personalism. XLinguae. https://doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.03.02
Ciuchi, O. (2021). The Education and Social Integration of the Human Individual. Review of Artistic Education, 22, 310–317. https://doi.org/10.2478/rae-2021-0039
Dacka, M. (2024). Moral Intelligence –Theory and in Education. Seminare. Poszukiwania Naukowe. https://doi.org/10.21852/sem.1826
Dmitrievskii, E. (2021). An Objectivity Of The Ideal In A Modern Philosophy. Rsuh/Rggu Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies. https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2021-2-28-37
Ene, I. (2024). Human Development and Technological Innovations: Veritable Tools for Sustainable National Development. African Journal of Humanities and Contemporary Education Research. https://doi.org/10.62154/hwtap084
Eustice-Corwin, A., Lynch, M., & Sörensen, S. (2023). Moral Development during Emerging Adulthood: Theoretical Considerations and a Neo-Aristotelian Approach. Human Development, 67, 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1159/000529349
Flannery, B., Loi, N., & Schutte, N. (2024). The effect of humanising nature. International Journal of Psychology : Journal International de Psychologie. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.13247
Fonagy, P., Campbell, C., Constantinou, M., Higgitt, A., Allison, E., & Luyten, P. (2021). Culture and psychopathology: An attempt at reconsidering the role of social learning. Development and Psychopathology, 34, 1205–1220. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421000092
García, A. F. A., Díaz, M. L. G., Santana, M. F. R., Flores, J. M. C., & Pesántez, C. V. B. (2024). Exploring the Evolution of Educational Methods: Perspectives from Imaginative Culture and Human Nature. Evolutionary Studies In Imaginative Culture. https://doi.org/10.56801/esic.v8.i1.5
Grossmann, M. (2021). Opportunities and Constraints of the Disciplines. How Social Science Got Better. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518977.003.0006
Hafizi, Z. (2023). The Importance Of Moral Education In The Formation Of Children’s Character. IJGIE (International Journal of Graduate of Islamic Education). https://doi.org/10.37567/ijgie.v4i2.2527
Herman, H., Purba, R., Silalahi, D., Sinaga, J. A. B., Sinaga, Y. K., Panjaitan, M., & Purba, L. (2022). The Role Of Formal Education In Shaping Students’ Character At Smk Swasta Teladan Tanah Jawa: A Case On Character Education. Abdi Dosen : Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.32832/abdidos.v6i3.1329
Heyets, V. (2021). Endogenous Social Progress as a Source of Economic Growth. Ekonomista, 1. https://doi.org/10.52335/DVQIGJYKFFF6
Immordino‐Yang, M. H., Nasir, N. S., Cantor, P., & Yoshikawa, H. (2023). Weaving a Colorful Cloth: Centering Education on Humans’ Emergent Developmental Potentials. Review of Research in Education, 47, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X231223516
Istomin, S. V., Myavlina, N. Z., & Syrnikova, L. (2023). Development Of Human Potential In The System Of Ensuring The Economic Security Of The Country. Scientific Review: Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2023-13-1-49-60
Kasavin, I. (2022). Science and Modern Humanism. Voprosy Filosofii. https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2022-9-47-58
Killen, M., & Dahl, A. (2021). Moral Reasoning Enables Developmental and Societal Change. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16, 1209–1225. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620964076
Koumparoudi, E. (2023). Human and Non-Human Consciousness: Do They Share Common Characteristics? RUDN Journal of Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2023-27-4-888-900
Laland, K., & Seed, A. (2021). Understanding Human Cognitive Uniqueness. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 689–716. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-062220-051256
Luby, J., Baram, T., Rogers, C., & Barch, D. (2020). Neurodevelopmental Optimization after Early-Life Adversity: Cross-Species Studies to Elucidate Sensitive Periods and Brain Mechanisms to Inform Early Intervention. Trends in Neurosciences, 43, 744–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.08.001
Maky, A. Y. H., & Iskandar, I. (2021). Hakikat Manusia Dan Potensinya Menurut Al-Qur’an Dan Hadits. Mushaf Journal: Jurnal Ilmu Al Quran Dan Hadis. https://doi.org/10.54443/mushaf.v1i1.11
Manukyan, Y. (2022). Camus’ Understanding of the Paradoxically Multidimensional Human Being. WISDOM. https://doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v3i2.866
Melchert, T. (2020). Development: biopsychosocial factors interacting over time. 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816426-6.00008-6
Mikheieva, O., & Myshchak, L. (2023). New Conditions Of The Socio-Cultural Environment Of Youth Students. Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work». https://doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2023.52.115-118
Molchanov, I. (2022). Modern Trends of Human Potential Development. Economic Revival of Russia. https://doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2022-4-74-28-40
Orlova, I. (2022). Innovative Approaches to Development of Human Potential in Modern Public Administration. Economic Affairs. https://doi.org/10.46852/0424-2513.4s.2022.25
Osher, D., Cantor, P., Berg, J., Steyer, L., & Rose, T. (2020). Drivers of human development: How relationships and context shape learning and development1. Applied Developmental Science, 24, 36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2017.1398650
Pardosi, M. (2024). A Reflection of Man as a Social Being in Human Philosophical Thought. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i5.997
Pd, R. P. M. P. I. Y. N. B. S. S. M. P. I. H. S. P. M. (2023). Pengantar Pendidikan. Cv. Azka Pustaka. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=01XKEAAAQBAJ
Pham, K. (2023). Karl Marx’s theory of human nature and its significance in educating people nowadays. Perspectives of Science and Education. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2023.2.35
Popov, E., Kolesnikova, O., & Zamjatina, O. (2021). Environment as a Socio-cultural Phenomenon. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 670. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/670/1/012026
Ramadhani, T., Widiyanta, D., Sumayana, Y., Rengga, Santoso, Y., Puspita, Agustin, D., & Al-Amin. (2024). The Role Of Character Education In Forming Ethical And Responsible Students. IJGIE (International Journal of Graduate of Islamic Education). https://doi.org/10.37567/ijgie.v5i2.3064
Raschi, F., & Zambernardi, L. (2024). The “negative” view of human nature: apologia for an unrealistic assumption. European Journal of International Relations. https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661241269698
Rasyid, H., Nabila, A. S., Idris, N., Arimbi, S. N., Rahmadani, S., Ramadhani, F., Ferawaty, F., Hilda, H., & Muis, A. A. (2023). Hakikat Manusia Dalam Pandangan Islam: Kesejahteraan dan Kesetaraan. At-Tuhfah. https://doi.org/10.32665/attuhfah.v12i2.2488
Reinhart, E., Carey, R., & Markus, H. (2024). Who feels they contribute to U.S. society? Helping behaviors and social class disparities in perceived contributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000411
Restian, A., & Widodo, R. (2019). Pengantar PENDIDIKAN. UMMPress. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=iTRxEAAAQBAJ
Riccardi, M. (2021). The Ideal Type. Nietzsche’s Philosophical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803287.003.0011
Safaryan, N. (2021). The Role Of The Socio-Cultural Environment Of The School In The Socialization Of Schoolchildren. The Impact of the Social Cultural Environment on Childhood: Challenges and Solutions. https://doi.org/10.24234/15ns2a21
Sarychev, V., & Plavkova, D. (2024). Leading Scientific Approaches To The Ways Of Forming The Human Potential Of Ukraine. Scientific Opinion: Economics and Management. https://doi.org/10.32782/2521-666x/2024-86-5
Shonkoff, J., Garner, A., Siegel, B., Dobbins, M., Earls, M., Mcguinn, L., Pascoe, J., & Wood, D. (2012). The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress. Pediatrics, 129. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2663
Smykowski, B. (2023). Aktualizacja potencjału człowieka jako kryterium pomyślności jego rozwoju. Nauka. https://doi.org/10.24425/nauka.2019.126183
Sohilait, E. (2021). Buku Ajar Pengantar Pendidikan. PT RajaGrafindo Persada, Depok. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=E7dbEAAAQBAJ
Triwiyanto, T. (2021). Pengantar Pendidikan. Bumi Aksara. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=grgmEAAAQBAJ
Upadhyay, A. (2022). A study on the Role of Education in various facets of Human Development. International Journal of Management and Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v11n05.003
Vashkevych, V., Krokhmal, N., Qi, C., Mordous, I., & Ratushna, T. (2021). Philosophical Discourse for the Development and Improvement of the Intellectualization of Human Nature. WISDOM. https://doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v20i4.559
Vazquez-Marin, P., Cuadrado, F., & López-Cobo, I. (2023). Connecting Sustainable Human Development and Positive Psychology through the Arts in Education: A Systematic Review. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032076
Waziri, N. (2021). Measuring the Unmeasurable in Education. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2020.1866267
Zuhdi, A., Firman, F., & Ahmad, R. (2021). The importance of education for humans. Journal of School Counseling, 6, 22–34. https://doi.org/10.23916/08742011
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2025-05-31
How to Cite
Fajhira, S., & Dyah Kumalasari. (2025). THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN NATURE AND ITS CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING INDIVIDUAL POTENTIAL IN THE DIGITAL ERA: KONSEP HAKIKAT MANUSIA DAN TANTANGANNYA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI INDIVIDU DI ERA DIGITAL. SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL, 14(1), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i1.5328
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