PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN KOMPOSIT KITOSAN/MONTMORILONIT-GLUTARALDEHID/KITOSAN (CS/MMG-GA) APLIKASINYA DALAM FUEL CELL
Keywords:
kitosan, bekicot, DMFC, energi terbarukan, crosslinker
Abstract
- Telah dilakukan penelitian pembuatan membran komposit montmorilonit-glutaraldehid/kitosan (C/MM-GA). Kitosan dipreparasi dari cangkang bekicot yang diperoleh dari desa tamansari Banyuwangi sebagai matrik polimer, montmorilonit sebagai filler annorganik sedangkan crosslinker digunakan glutaraldehid. Untuk meningkatan daya serap dan permeabilitas membrane komposit C/MMG-GA divariasikan methanol yaitu dengan konsentrasi 2;3;4;5;6) M. kitosan yang berhasil disintesis mempunyai derajat desastilasi (DD) sebesar 74,085 %.Untuk meningkatkan sifat dan kinerja membrane komposit C/MMG-GA dimodifikasi dengan glutraraldehid. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa konsentrasi methanol sebesar 6 M menunjukkan hasil terbaik daya serap methanol sebesar 49,0654 %
Dari hasil serapan FTIR dapat diketahui bahwa membrane komposit C/MMG-GA berhasil sintesis.
References
Akmal Januar Pratama, J.A Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Metanol
Terhadap Daya Serap Dan Permeabilitas Metanol Membran Komposit Kitosan/Montmorilonit-Glutaraldehid, THESIS, Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 2016
Machiril D,Interkalasi Montmorilonit Dengan Kitosan Serta Aplikasinya Sebagai Adsorben Methylene Blue Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Semarang 2017 Skripsi
Robba., M.Z.I Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi Montmorilonit Terhadap Ketahanan Termal Dan Kekuatan Mekanik Membran Pva/Kitosan-Montmorilonit Departemen Kimia Fakultas Ilmu Alam Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 2018. Skripsi
Kusumaningsih Pembuatan Kitosan Dari Kitin Cangkang Bekicot (Achatina Fulica) Synthesis Of Chitosan From Chitin Of Escargot (Achatina Fulica) Biofarmasi 2 (2): 64-68, Agustus 2004, ISSN: 1693-2242
Charimanto H.I Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Montmorilonit Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Dan Termal Dari Membran Komposit Kitosan-Pv., Departemen Kimia Fakultas Ilmu Alam Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 2018. Skripsi
Arico, A.S., BaglioV., Di Blasi A., Creti. P., Antonucci. V. 2003.
Influecnce of the Acid0Base Characteristics of Inorganic Filler on the High Temperature Performance of Composite Membranes in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Solid State Ionics, Vol. 161, hal. 251-265
Brine, C., Sandford, P., Zikakis, J. 1992. Advances in chitin and chitosan. Elsevier, New York. Chakrabarty, T., Mahendra Kumar & Vinod K. Shahi. 2010.
Chitosan Based Membranes for Separation, pervaporation and Fuel Cell Application. Recent Development. Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India. Champagne L. M., 2008.
Christian, G.D. 1994. Analytical Chemistry 5th Edition. New York : John Wiley and Sons, lnc. Costamagna P, and S. Srinivasan. 2001.
Cui, Z., Xing W., Liu C., Liao J., Zhang H. 2009.
Chitosan/Heteropolyacid Composite Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. Journal of Power Sources, 188, 24-9.
Dewan Energi Nasional Republik Indonesia. 2014. Outlook Energi Indonesia 2014. Jakarta: Dewan Energi Nasional.
Goncalves, V et al. 2005. Effect of Crosslinking Agents on Chitosan Microspheres in Controlled Release of Diclofenac Sodium. Polimeros: Ciencia e Tecnologia, vol 15, no 1, p 6-12.
Hickner, M. A., H. Ghassemi, Y. S. Kim, B. R. Einsla, & J. E. McGrath. 2004. Alternative Polymer Systems for Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs). Chemical Reviews
Huawen H., John H.X., Hong H., Chan, A., Liang, H. 2013.
Glutaraldehyde Chitosan and Poly (vynil alcohol) Blends, and Fluorescence of their Nano-Silica Composite Film. Journal of Carbohydrate Polymers, 91, 305-313
Im, M. 2011. Pembuatan dan Karakterisai Komposit Membran PEEK Silika/Clay untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). Tesis. Semarang: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro.
Juhana, J., A.F. Ismail, T. Matsuura & M.N. A. Mohd Norddin. 2013. Stability of SPEEK-Triaminopyrimide Polymer Electrolite Membrane for DMFC Application. Journal of Sains Malaysiana, 42, 1671-1677.
Kaban, J. 2009. Modifikasi Kimia dari Kitosan dan Aplikasi Produk yang Dihasilkan. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Khan T. A., Peh K.K., & Ch’hg. H.S. 2002. Reporting Degree of Deacetylation Values of Chitosan. The Influence of Analytical Methods: Journal Pharmacy Pharmaceutic Science. 5 (3), 205-212.
Khopkar. 2008. Konsep Dasar Kimia Analitik. Jakarta : Erlangga. Ladelta V. 2007.
Lavorgna, Marino., Piscitelli, Filomena., Mangiacapra, Pasqualina., Bounocore, Giovanna G. 2010. Study Of The Combined Effect Of Both Clay And Glycerol Plasticizer On The Properties Of Chitosan Films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 92, 291-298.
Li Y.S., Zhao T.S., Yang W.W. 2010. Measurements of Water Uptake and Transport Propertiesin Anion-Exchange Membranes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35, 5656-5665.
Lucia, U. 2014. Overview on Fuel Cells. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy : Reviews, 30, 164-169. Luo, H., 2005.
A Thesis: Polymer/Nano-Inorganic Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for DMFC Application. Departement of Chemistry, University of The Western Cape.
Ma, Jia. & Yogeshwar, Sahai. 2013. Chitosan biopolymer for fuel cell applications. Journal of Carbohydrate Polymers, 92, 955 – 975. Marganof. 2003.
Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Komposit Membran PEEK Silika/ Clay untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). Thesis. Jurusan Teknik Kimia Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Basic Principle of Membrane Technology. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher. “Effect of Silane Treatment on The Mechanical Interfacial Properties of Montmorillonite/Epoxy Nanocomposite, Material Science and Engineering, 526 74-78
Pratt, D.Y., Wilson, L.D., & Kozinki, J.A. 2013. Preparation and
sorption studies of glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan copolymers. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 395, 205-211.
Ramadhan, L.O.A.N., Radiman C.L., Suendo, V., Wahyuningrum, D., Valiyaveettil, S. 2012. Syinthesis and Caracterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex NSuccinylchitosan-chitosan for Proton Exchange Membranes. Procedia Chemistry, 4, 114-122
Rikukawa, M. and Sanui, K. 2000. Proton-Conducting Polymer
Electrolyte Membrane Based on Hydrocarbon Polymers.
Prog.Polym.Sci., (25): 1463-1502. Sagle, A., & Freeman, B. 2005.
Sopiana, R.D. 2005. Challanges and Future Developments in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Journal Renewable Energy, 31(5): 719-729.
Srinivasan, S. 2005. Fuel Cells: Fundamentals to Applications. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Thatte, MR. 2004. A Dissertation : Synthesis and Antibacterial Assessment of Water-Solube Hydrophobic Chitosan Derivatives Bearing Quaternary Ammonium Functionality. Lousiana State University. Tohidian, M., Ghaffarian, S, R., Seyed Emadodin, Shakeri., Erfan Dashtimoghadam., Mahdi, M., Hasani, S. 2013.
Organically Modified Montmorillonite and Chitosanphosphotungstic Acid Complex Nanocomposites As High Performance Membranes For Fuel Cell Applications. J Solid State Electrochem, 17, 2123 2137.
Tripathi, B.P., Shahi, V. K. 2011. Organic-inorganic nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications. “Progress in Polymer Science”, 36, 945-979. 53 Thermo Nicolet. 2001.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Glutaraldehid Terhadap Sifat dan Kinerja Membran Komposit (Kitosan-Montmorilonit) Untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). Tesis. Surabaya: Program Magister Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. Vaghari, H., H. J. Malmiri, A. Berenjian, & N. Anarjan. 2013.
Recent Advances in Application of Chitosan in Fuel Cells. Sustainable Chemiccal Process, 1-16 Wan, Y., Creber, K.A.M., Peppley, B., Bui, V.T. 2003. Ionic conductivity of chitosan membranes. “Polymers”, 44, 1057-1065.
Winataputra, D.S. 2010. Peningkatan Konduktifitas Bahan Konduktor Superionik (LiBr)0,5 (Montmorillonit K-10)0,5 dengan Proses Iradiasi Sinar –γ dan Difusi Ionik. Indonesia Journal of Materials Science. Vol. 11, No. 3, hal. 150-154.
Wu H., Zheng B., Zheng X., Wang J., Yuan W. & Jiang Z. 2007. Surface Modified Y Zeolite-Filled Chitosan Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. Journal of Power Sources, 188, 30-37.
Xiong, Y., Xiang, Y., Xiu, R., Lu, S. 2013. Development of Cesium Phosphotungstate Salt and Chitosan Composite membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Carbohydrate Polymers, 98, 233-240.
Yang, C. C., 2011. Fabrication and characterization of poly(vynil alcohol)/ montmorillonite/ poly(styrene sulfonic acid) 54 proton-conducting composite membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 4419-4431.
Yoonoo, C., Craig P. Dawsonb., Edward P.,L. Robertsb. & Stuart M. Holmesb. 2011. Nafion®mordenite composite membranes for improved direct methanol fuel cell performance. Journal of Membrane Science 369, 367- 374
Yudhapratama, Ersan dkk. 2010. Penentuan Keberadaan Zat Aditif pada Plastik Kemasan Melalui Perlakuan Pemanasan pada Spektrometer IR. Bandung : UPI. Zaidi, S.M.J., Matsuura, T. 2009.
Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells. USA: Spinger. Zhang, X., Jin, X., Chenyan Xu, Xinyuan Shen. 2013. Preparation and Characterization of Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Chitosan Nanoflitration Membrane. Journal of Polymer Science. 128: 3665-3671.
Terhadap Daya Serap Dan Permeabilitas Metanol Membran Komposit Kitosan/Montmorilonit-Glutaraldehid, THESIS, Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 2016
Machiril D,Interkalasi Montmorilonit Dengan Kitosan Serta Aplikasinya Sebagai Adsorben Methylene Blue Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Semarang 2017 Skripsi
Robba., M.Z.I Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi Montmorilonit Terhadap Ketahanan Termal Dan Kekuatan Mekanik Membran Pva/Kitosan-Montmorilonit Departemen Kimia Fakultas Ilmu Alam Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 2018. Skripsi
Kusumaningsih Pembuatan Kitosan Dari Kitin Cangkang Bekicot (Achatina Fulica) Synthesis Of Chitosan From Chitin Of Escargot (Achatina Fulica) Biofarmasi 2 (2): 64-68, Agustus 2004, ISSN: 1693-2242
Charimanto H.I Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Montmorilonit Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Dan Termal Dari Membran Komposit Kitosan-Pv., Departemen Kimia Fakultas Ilmu Alam Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 2018. Skripsi
Arico, A.S., BaglioV., Di Blasi A., Creti. P., Antonucci. V. 2003.
Influecnce of the Acid0Base Characteristics of Inorganic Filler on the High Temperature Performance of Composite Membranes in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Solid State Ionics, Vol. 161, hal. 251-265
Brine, C., Sandford, P., Zikakis, J. 1992. Advances in chitin and chitosan. Elsevier, New York. Chakrabarty, T., Mahendra Kumar & Vinod K. Shahi. 2010.
Chitosan Based Membranes for Separation, pervaporation and Fuel Cell Application. Recent Development. Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India. Champagne L. M., 2008.
Christian, G.D. 1994. Analytical Chemistry 5th Edition. New York : John Wiley and Sons, lnc. Costamagna P, and S. Srinivasan. 2001.
Cui, Z., Xing W., Liu C., Liao J., Zhang H. 2009.
Chitosan/Heteropolyacid Composite Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. Journal of Power Sources, 188, 24-9.
Dewan Energi Nasional Republik Indonesia. 2014. Outlook Energi Indonesia 2014. Jakarta: Dewan Energi Nasional.
Goncalves, V et al. 2005. Effect of Crosslinking Agents on Chitosan Microspheres in Controlled Release of Diclofenac Sodium. Polimeros: Ciencia e Tecnologia, vol 15, no 1, p 6-12.
Hickner, M. A., H. Ghassemi, Y. S. Kim, B. R. Einsla, & J. E. McGrath. 2004. Alternative Polymer Systems for Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs). Chemical Reviews
Huawen H., John H.X., Hong H., Chan, A., Liang, H. 2013.
Glutaraldehyde Chitosan and Poly (vynil alcohol) Blends, and Fluorescence of their Nano-Silica Composite Film. Journal of Carbohydrate Polymers, 91, 305-313
Im, M. 2011. Pembuatan dan Karakterisai Komposit Membran PEEK Silika/Clay untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). Tesis. Semarang: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro.
Juhana, J., A.F. Ismail, T. Matsuura & M.N. A. Mohd Norddin. 2013. Stability of SPEEK-Triaminopyrimide Polymer Electrolite Membrane for DMFC Application. Journal of Sains Malaysiana, 42, 1671-1677.
Kaban, J. 2009. Modifikasi Kimia dari Kitosan dan Aplikasi Produk yang Dihasilkan. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Khan T. A., Peh K.K., & Ch’hg. H.S. 2002. Reporting Degree of Deacetylation Values of Chitosan. The Influence of Analytical Methods: Journal Pharmacy Pharmaceutic Science. 5 (3), 205-212.
Khopkar. 2008. Konsep Dasar Kimia Analitik. Jakarta : Erlangga. Ladelta V. 2007.
Lavorgna, Marino., Piscitelli, Filomena., Mangiacapra, Pasqualina., Bounocore, Giovanna G. 2010. Study Of The Combined Effect Of Both Clay And Glycerol Plasticizer On The Properties Of Chitosan Films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 92, 291-298.
Li Y.S., Zhao T.S., Yang W.W. 2010. Measurements of Water Uptake and Transport Propertiesin Anion-Exchange Membranes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35, 5656-5665.
Lucia, U. 2014. Overview on Fuel Cells. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy : Reviews, 30, 164-169. Luo, H., 2005.
A Thesis: Polymer/Nano-Inorganic Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for DMFC Application. Departement of Chemistry, University of The Western Cape.
Ma, Jia. & Yogeshwar, Sahai. 2013. Chitosan biopolymer for fuel cell applications. Journal of Carbohydrate Polymers, 92, 955 – 975. Marganof. 2003.
Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Komposit Membran PEEK Silika/ Clay untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). Thesis. Jurusan Teknik Kimia Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Basic Principle of Membrane Technology. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher. “Effect of Silane Treatment on The Mechanical Interfacial Properties of Montmorillonite/Epoxy Nanocomposite, Material Science and Engineering, 526 74-78
Pratt, D.Y., Wilson, L.D., & Kozinki, J.A. 2013. Preparation and
sorption studies of glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan copolymers. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 395, 205-211.
Ramadhan, L.O.A.N., Radiman C.L., Suendo, V., Wahyuningrum, D., Valiyaveettil, S. 2012. Syinthesis and Caracterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex NSuccinylchitosan-chitosan for Proton Exchange Membranes. Procedia Chemistry, 4, 114-122
Rikukawa, M. and Sanui, K. 2000. Proton-Conducting Polymer
Electrolyte Membrane Based on Hydrocarbon Polymers.
Prog.Polym.Sci., (25): 1463-1502. Sagle, A., & Freeman, B. 2005.
Sopiana, R.D. 2005. Challanges and Future Developments in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Journal Renewable Energy, 31(5): 719-729.
Srinivasan, S. 2005. Fuel Cells: Fundamentals to Applications. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Thatte, MR. 2004. A Dissertation : Synthesis and Antibacterial Assessment of Water-Solube Hydrophobic Chitosan Derivatives Bearing Quaternary Ammonium Functionality. Lousiana State University. Tohidian, M., Ghaffarian, S, R., Seyed Emadodin, Shakeri., Erfan Dashtimoghadam., Mahdi, M., Hasani, S. 2013.
Organically Modified Montmorillonite and Chitosanphosphotungstic Acid Complex Nanocomposites As High Performance Membranes For Fuel Cell Applications. J Solid State Electrochem, 17, 2123 2137.
Tripathi, B.P., Shahi, V. K. 2011. Organic-inorganic nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications. “Progress in Polymer Science”, 36, 945-979. 53 Thermo Nicolet. 2001.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Glutaraldehid Terhadap Sifat dan Kinerja Membran Komposit (Kitosan-Montmorilonit) Untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). Tesis. Surabaya: Program Magister Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. Vaghari, H., H. J. Malmiri, A. Berenjian, & N. Anarjan. 2013.
Recent Advances in Application of Chitosan in Fuel Cells. Sustainable Chemiccal Process, 1-16 Wan, Y., Creber, K.A.M., Peppley, B., Bui, V.T. 2003. Ionic conductivity of chitosan membranes. “Polymers”, 44, 1057-1065.
Winataputra, D.S. 2010. Peningkatan Konduktifitas Bahan Konduktor Superionik (LiBr)0,5 (Montmorillonit K-10)0,5 dengan Proses Iradiasi Sinar –γ dan Difusi Ionik. Indonesia Journal of Materials Science. Vol. 11, No. 3, hal. 150-154.
Wu H., Zheng B., Zheng X., Wang J., Yuan W. & Jiang Z. 2007. Surface Modified Y Zeolite-Filled Chitosan Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. Journal of Power Sources, 188, 30-37.
Xiong, Y., Xiang, Y., Xiu, R., Lu, S. 2013. Development of Cesium Phosphotungstate Salt and Chitosan Composite membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Carbohydrate Polymers, 98, 233-240.
Yang, C. C., 2011. Fabrication and characterization of poly(vynil alcohol)/ montmorillonite/ poly(styrene sulfonic acid) 54 proton-conducting composite membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 4419-4431.
Yoonoo, C., Craig P. Dawsonb., Edward P.,L. Robertsb. & Stuart M. Holmesb. 2011. Nafion®mordenite composite membranes for improved direct methanol fuel cell performance. Journal of Membrane Science 369, 367- 374
Yudhapratama, Ersan dkk. 2010. Penentuan Keberadaan Zat Aditif pada Plastik Kemasan Melalui Perlakuan Pemanasan pada Spektrometer IR. Bandung : UPI. Zaidi, S.M.J., Matsuura, T. 2009.
Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells. USA: Spinger. Zhang, X., Jin, X., Chenyan Xu, Xinyuan Shen. 2013. Preparation and Characterization of Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Chitosan Nanoflitration Membrane. Journal of Polymer Science. 128: 3665-3671.
Published
2022-10-03
How to Cite
MalisE., RidhoR., & FindariH. (2022). PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN KOMPOSIT KITOSAN/MONTMORILONIT-GLUTARALDEHID/KITOSAN (CS/MMG-GA) APLIKASINYA DALAM FUEL CELL. Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia Dan Terapannya, 4(2), 56-64. https://doi.org/10.36526/jc.v4i2.2506
Section
Articles
