The PENGARUH KESUBURAN DAN MIKROKLIMAT TERHADAP KEANEKARAGAMAN GULMA DI KEBUN KOPI POLITEKNIK NEGERI JEMBER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v9i4.9771Keywords:
Allelopathy, Coffee, Microclimate, Soil Fertility, WeedsAbstract
Kompetisi gulma menjadi salah satu faktor penurunan produksi kopi Indonesia, yang turun 1,43% pada 2022 dan kembali menurun 2,10% pada 2023.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kesuburan tanah dan iklim mikro tanah terhadap keragaman gulmadi Kebun Koleksi Kopi Politeknik Jember. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Mei hingga Agustus 2026 menggunakan pendekatan eksploratif sekuensial. Parameter kesuburan tanah yang diukur meliputi indeks kesuburan tanah dan pH tanah. Parameter iklim mikro tanah yang diukur meliputi suhu tanah, kelembaban tanah, intensitas cahaya, suhu udara, dan kelembaban udara. Analisis vegetasi dilakukan menggunakan kuadrat 1 m × 1 m pada 15 titik pengamatan untuk mengukur kerapatan dan frekuensi dan menghitung Indeks Nilai Penting (INP). Gulma dominan diekstraksi melalui maserasi etanol 96% dan diuji fitokimia untuk mendeteksi senyawa alelokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesuburan tanah dari 8 hingga 497 µS/cm, pH 7, suhu tanah berkisar 27,3–28,7°C, kelembaban tanah 0–56%, intensitas cahaya 2.236–26.610 lux, suhu udara 25–27°C, dan kelembaban udara 69–81%. Analisis vegetasi menemukan 13 spesies gulma dari 9 famili dengan Asystasia gangetica sebagai spesies paling dominan (INP 68,55). Uji fitokimia mengonfirmasi bahwa ekstrak A. gangetica mengandung flavonoid (30,95 mg QE/100g), tanin (11,68 mg GAE/100g), dan fenolik (14,13 mg GAE/100g).
Abstract
Weed competition is one of the factors contributing to the decline in coffee production in Indonesia, which decreased by 1.43% in 2022 and further declined by 2.10% in 2023. This study aimed to analyze the effects of soil fertility and microclimatic conditions on weed diversity in the Coffee Collection Garden of Politeknik Negeri Jember. The study was conducted from May to August 2026 using a sequential exploratory approach. Soil fertility parameters included the soil fertility index and soil pH, while microclimatic parameters comprised soil temperature, soil moisture, light intensity, air temperature, and relative humidity. Weed vegetation was analyzed using 1 m × 1 m quadrats at 15 sampling points to determine density, frequency, and the Importance Value Index (IVI). The dominant weed species was extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol and subjected to phytochemical screening to detect potential allelochemical compounds. The results showed that soil fertility ranged from 8 to 497 µS/cm, with a soil pH of 7. Soil temperature ranged from 27.3 to 28.7°C, soil moisture from 0 to 56%, light intensity from 2,236 to 26,610 lux, air temperature from 25 to 27°C, and relative humidity from 69 to 81%. Vegetation analysis identified 13 weed species belonging to nine families, with Asystasia gangetica as the most dominant species (IVI = 68.55). Phytochemical analysis confirmed that A. gangetica extract contained flavonoids (30.95 mg QE/100 g), tannins (11.68 mg GAE/100 g), and phenolic compounds (14.13 mg GAE/100 g).
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