ANKILOSTOMIASIS PENYAKIT TROPIS TERABAIKAN: TINJAUANLITERATUR TENTANG EPIDEMIOLOGI, MANIFESTASI KLINIS,DIAGNOSIS, DAN STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN

Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati; Luluk Hermawati; Hilizza Awalina Zulfa; Yuda Nabella Prameswari; Putri Damayanti; Abdul Hadi Furqoni

doi:10.36526/biosense.v8i4.5721

Authors

Nur Bebi Ulfah Irawati Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Luluk Hermawati Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Hilizza Awalina Zulfa Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Yuda Nabella Prameswari Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Putri Damayanti Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lampung
Abdul Hadi Furqoni Pusat Riset Biomedis, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v8i4.5721

Keywords:

Ankilostomiasis, Penyakit tropis terabaikan, Cacing tambang, Deworming massal

Abstract

Ankilostomiasis merupakan penyakit parasitik yang disebabkan oleh cacing Ancylostoma duodenal dan Necator americanus, dan tergolong sebagai salah satu penyakit tropis terabaikan (Neglected Tropical Diseases, NTDs). Penyakit ini endemik di wilayah tropis dan subtropis, terutama di daerah dengan sanitasi lingkungan buruk dan kebiasaan tidak menggunakan alas kaki. Meskipun dapat ditangani dengan obat anthelmintik seperti albendazol dan mebendazol, reinfeksi sering terjadi karena akar masalah lingkungan dan sosial belum terselesaikan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara komprehensif literatur ilmiah terkini mengenai agen penyebab, siklus hidup, epidemiologi, manifestasi klinis,diagnosis, serta strategi pencegahan dan pengendalian ankilostomiasis. Penelitian ini merupakan systematic literature review yang mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis literatur tahun 2014–2025 mengenai ankilostomiasis pada manusia, meliputi agen penyebab, siklushidup, prevalensi, manifestasi klinis, metode diagnosis, serta strategi pencegahan dan pengendalian, dengan seleksi artikel dilakukan berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA. Ankilostomiasis berkontribusi signifikan terhadap beban penyakit kronis melalui dampak seperti anemia defisiensi besi, gangguan tumbuh kembang anak, dan penurunan kapasitas produktif masyarakat. Diagnosis dini masih menjadi tantangan karena gejala yang tidak spesifik, sementara upaya pengendalian memerlukan intervensi lintas sektor, termasuk edukasi perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, perbaikan sanitasi, serta program deworming massal. Pengendalian ankilostomiasis tidak dapat mengandalkan terapi farmakologis semata, tetapi harus disertai dengan pendekatan lingkungan dan sosial yang menyeluruh. Strategi terpadu sangat diperlukan untuk menurunkan prevalensi dan memutus siklus penularan, terutama diwilayah endemis.

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