RESPON FISIOLOGI IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) AKIBAT PAPARAN TIMBAL NITRAT (Pb(NO₃)₂) DAN KADMIUM KLORIDA (CdCl2)

Nadyatul Ilma Indah Savira; Kamalia Fikri; Aditya Kurniawan; Bevo Wahono

doi:10.36526/biosense.v8i3.5419

Authors

Nadyatul Ilma Indah Savira Biology Education, Faculty of Education, University of Jember
Kamalia Fikri Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Jember
Aditya Kurniawan Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Jember
Bevo Wahono Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Jember

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v8i3.5419

Keywords:

ikan nila, logam berat, timbal, kadmium, hematologi

Abstract

Logam berat seperti timbal (Pb) dan kadmium (Cd) merupakan polutan berbahaya yang dapat mengganggu fungsi fisiologis organisme akuatik, termasuk ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon fisiologis ikan nila terhadap paparan Pb(NO₃)₂ dan CdCl₂ pada konsentrasi 1 ppm selama 3 jam. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kecepatan respirasi, morfometrik saluran pencernaan, serta parameter hematologi seperti jumlah eritrosit, leukosit, dan kadar hemoglobin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa paparan CdCl₂ memberikan efek toksik lebih kuat dibandingkan Pb(NO₃)₂, dengan penurunan signifikan pada jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan kecepatan respirasi. Sementara itu, paparan Pb(NO₃)₂ juga menyebabkan penurunan hemoglobin dan eritrosit, serta perubahan warna organ pencernaan seperti empedu dan hati, namun efeknya tidak sebesar CdCl₂. Kedua logam berat meningkatkan jumlah leukosit sebagai respons imun terhadap stres oksidatif. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa logam berat, terutama Cd, dapat mengganggu sistem pernapasan, peredaran darah, dan fungsi pencernaan ikan nila.

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