Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Tanaman Bunga Terompet Emas (Allamanda cathartica L.) terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes Aegypti
Keywords:
Allamanda cathartica L., Demam Berdarah Dengue, Aedes aegypti, Larvasida
Abstract
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dengan vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypti, DBD dapat menyebabkan kasus kematian yang tinggi. Salah satu cara memutuskan rantai vektor ini, dengan alternatif insektisida alami yaitu ekstrak daun bunga terompet (Allamanda cathartica L.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun bunga terompet dan mengetahuhi dosis konsentrasi efektif terhadap mortalita larva A. aegypti. Penelitian menggunakan hewan uji larva nyamuk A. aegypti instar 3-4, sebanyak 180 ekor larva nyamuk yang terbagi menjadi empat perlakuan dan dua kontol yaitu kontrol negatif (aquades steril) dan kontrol positif (abate 100 ppm), setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 10 ekor larva nyamuk, dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Dosis konsentrasi ekstrak daun bunga terompet yang digunakan adalah P1 = 250 ppm, P2 = 500 ppm, P3 = 750 ppm, dan P4 = 1000 ppm. Pengamtan penelitian dilakukan setelah 12 jam dan 24 jam perlakuan. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik anova dan uji lanjut duncan dengan menggunakan SPSS 25.0. Hasil penelitian didapatkan perlakukan pemberian ekstrak daun bunga terompet yang dapat mempengaruhi mortalitas larva nyamuk, setelah 12 jam perlakuan didapatkan rata-rata larva nyamuk yang mati pada P1 ditemukan 1 ekor larva mati, P2 3 larva mati, dan P3 6 ekor larva mati, dan P4 8 ekor larva mati, sedangkan kontrol negatif tidak ditemukan larva mati dan kontrol positif ditemukan seuruh larva mati. Pengamatan setelah 24 perlakuan didapatkan seluruh perlakuan P1, P2, P3, dan P4 didapatkan seluruh larva mati, dan kontrol negatif semuanya tetap hidup.
References
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Pratiwi, Ameliana. 2012. Penerimaan Masyarakat Terhadap Larvasida Alami. Jurnal kesehatan masyarakat 8(1): 88–93.
Pringgenies, D., Widiyadmi, R., Yudiati, E., Bahry, M. S., & Djunaedi, A. (2018). Potensi Ekstrak Buah Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum Untuk Pemberantasan Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Journal of Tropical Marine Science, 1(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.33019/jour.trop.mar.sci.v1i1.657
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Ramayanti, I., & Febriani, R. (2016). Uji Efektivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya Linn) terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti. Syifa’ MEDIKA: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.32502/sm.v6i2.1383
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Yuliana, Anna, Rusdi Aris Rinaldi, Nur Rahayuningsih, and Firman Gustaman. 2021. Efektivitas Larvasida Granul Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pisang Nangka (Musa x Paradisiaca L.) Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti. Aspirator - Journal of Vector-borne Disease Studies 13(1): 69–78. https://doi.org/10.22435/asp.v13i1.4042
Arivoli, S., S. Tennyson, and K. J. Ravindran. 2010. Larvicidal and Repellent Activities of Sida Acuta Burm. f. (Family: Malvaceae) against Three Important Vector Mosquitoes. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 3(10): 789–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60005-2
Barbosa, P. R., & Almeida, J. F. (2009). Larvicidal activity of some alkaloids on Aedes aegypti larvae. Pest Management Science, 65(7), 846–850.
Bhatt, Samir et al. 2013. The Global Distribution and Burden of Dengue. Nature 496(7446): 504–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12060
Bogor, Hermina. 2021. “Kenali Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti, Penyebab DBD.” Rumah Sakit Hermina. https://www.herminahospitals.com/id/articles/kenali-nyamuk-aedes-aegypti-penyebab-dbd.html (April 10, 2023).
Candra, Aryu. 2010. Demam Berdarah Dengue: Epidemiologi, Patogenesis, Dan Faktor Risiko Penularan. Aspirator 2(2): 110 –119.
Carrington, Lauren B., and Cameron P. Simmons. 2014. Human to Mosquito Transmission of Dengue Viruses. Frontiers in Immunology 5: 1–8.
Casida, J. E., & Durkin, K. A. (2013). Neuroactive insecticides: targets, selectivity, resistance, and secondary effects. Annual Review of Entomology, 58, 99–117.
Cotinat, M., & Genty, M. (2010). Flavonoids in Tannery Wastewater Treatment: Preliminary Results. In 3rd International Congress on Green Process Engineering, 15–17.
Department of Health & Human Services. 2020. About Mosquitoes. Centers for Dicease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/index.html [April 9, 2023].
Guzman, M. G., G. Kouri, and S. B. Halstead. 2010. Dengue: An Update. The Lancet infectious diseases 10(3): 141–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70327-5
Isman, M. B. (2006). Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology, 51, 45–66.
Joshi, Suresh C., and Pratibha K. Jain. 2018. Allamanda Cathartica L.: A Review on Ethnomedicinal and Traditional Uses of Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb. (Rudraksha). International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 5(1).
Karima, W., & Ardiansyah, S. (2021). Lethal Efficacy of Banana Leaves Extract (Musa paradisiaca L.) Against Aedes aegypti Larvae. Medicra (Journal of Medical Laboratory Science/Technology), 4(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.21070/medicra.v4i1.881
Kementerian Kesehatan Ri. 2021. Strategi Nasional Pengendalian Dengue Indonesia 2021-2025. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2021.
Kumar, S., S. Thomas, and M. Jobin. 2014. Plant Extracts as Potential Mosquito Larvicides. Indian Journal of Medical Research 139(5): 581–98.
Kumara, Candrama Jalu. 2021. Efektivitas Flavonoid , Tanin , Saponin Dan Alkaloid Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes Aegypty [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Kusmintarsih, Endang Srimurni, Medina Fadli Latus Syaadah, Edy Riwidiharso, and R Tedjo Sasmono. 2019. Infeksi Virus Dengue Pada Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Menggunakan Artificial Blood Feeding Dan Deteksi Virus Dengue Menggunakan Teknik Molekular. Aspirator - Journal of Vector-borne Disease Studies 11(2): 91–98. https://doi.org/10.22435/asp.v11i2.460
Laksono, Faleryan Wisnu, Noor Laily Sebthiana Sari, Salsabila Salsabila, and Laeli Kurniasari. 2022. Pengaruh Insektisida Alami Ekstrak Daun Jelatang (Urtica Dioica L.) Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes Aegypti. In Prosiding Sains Nasional Dan Teknologi, , 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36499/psnst.v12i1.7136
Masihor, Jilly J. G., Max F. J. Mantik, Maya Memah, and Arthur E. Mongan. 2013. Hubungan Jumlah Trombosit Dan Jumlah Leukosit Pada Pasien Anak Demam Berdarah Dengue. Jurnal e-Biomedik 1(1): 391–95. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4152
Nababan, Willy Medi Christian. 2023. Kasus Kematian Akibat Demam Berdarah Dengue Didominasi Anak-Anak. https://www.kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2023/02/05/73-persen-kematian-dbd-terjadi-pada-anak [April 10, 2023].
Nugroho, A. W., Sutriyo, S. Kurnia, D. R., R., Ramadhani, R., & Putra, A. J.. 2019. The Potential Of Allamanda Cathartica Leaves Extract As An Alternative Mosquito Larvae Control.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2138(1).
Nugroho, Arif Dwi. 2011. Kematian Larva Aedes Aegypti Setelah Pemberian Abate Dibandingkan Dengan Pemberian Serbuk Serai. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 7(1): 91–96.
Nurcahyanti, A. D., Sukandar, E. Y., & Widyowati, R. (2017). Bioactive compounds from the stem bark of Allamanda cathartica L. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 9(2), 14–20.
Nurcahyanti, Ade Dewi, Elin Yulinah Sukandar, and Retno Widyowati. 2017. Bioactive Compounds from the Stem Bark of Allamanda Cathartica L. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 9(2): 14–20.
Pratama, G. P., I. Setiawan, and H. S. Kusuma. 2020. Uji Aktivitas Antimalaria Ekstrak Etanol Daun Allamanda Cathartica L. Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesia. Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesia 9(2): 165–72.
Pratiwi, Ameliana. 2012. Penerimaan Masyarakat Terhadap Larvasida Alami. Jurnal kesehatan masyarakat 8(1): 88–93.
Pringgenies, D., Widiyadmi, R., Yudiati, E., Bahry, M. S., & Djunaedi, A. (2018). Potensi Ekstrak Buah Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum Untuk Pemberantasan Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Journal of Tropical Marine Science, 1(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.33019/jour.trop.mar.sci.v1i1.657
Purwanto, Y., and L. Mawarni. 2019. Analisis Morfologi Dan Kandungan Klorofil Tanaman Bunga Terompet Emas (Allamanda Cathartica L.).” Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika 8(3): 245–51.
Ramayanti, I., & Febriani, R. (2016). Uji Efektivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya Linn) terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti. Syifa’ MEDIKA: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.32502/sm.v6i2.1383
Sayono, U, N., & M, S. (2010). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Flavonoid Dalam Ekstrak Akar Tuba (Derris eliptica) Terhadap Kematian Larva Aedes aegypti. Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 6(1), 38–47.
Shehzad, Sofia. 2018. “Dengue Outbreak -Is The Panic Justified ?. Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 4(1): 1–3.
Soedarto. 2012. Virus Dengue. Demam Berdarah Dengue 03(02): 21–22.
Sucipto, Pramudiyo Teguh, Mursid Raharjo, and Nurjazuli Nurjazuli. 2016. Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Dan Jenis Serotipe Virus Dengue Di Kabupaten Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia 14(2): 51–56. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.14.2.51-56
Sumarsono. 2022. Tahun 2022, Angka DBD Di Banyuwangi Tembus 512 Kasus. https://www.rri.co.id/kesehatan/117912/tahun-2022-angka-dbd-di-banyuwangi-tembus-512-kasus [April 11, 2023].
Tarmizi, Siti Nadia. 2023. Atasi Dengue, Kemenkes Kembangkan Dua Teknologi Ini. https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/umum/20230205/3642353/atasi-dengue-kemenkes-kembangkan-dua-teknologi-ini/ [April 12, 2023].
Utama, Made Susila et al. 2019. Dengue Viral Infection in Indonesia: Epidemiology, Diagnostic Challenges, and Mutations from an Observational Cohort Study. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13(10): 1–19.
WHO. 2023. Dengue and Severe Dengue. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue [April 12, 2023].
Wilder-Smith, Annelies, and Duane J. Gubler. 2008. Geographic Expansion Of Dengue: The Impact Of International Travel. Med Clin North Am 92(6): 77–90. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.06.002. PMID: 19061758.
Yuliana, Anna, Rusdi Aris Rinaldi, Nur Rahayuningsih, and Firman Gustaman. 2021. Efektivitas Larvasida Granul Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pisang Nangka (Musa x Paradisiaca L.) Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti. Aspirator - Journal of Vector-borne Disease Studies 13(1): 69–78. https://doi.org/10.22435/asp.v13i1.4042
Published
2023-12-31
How to Cite
RahmaningtyasS. A., AzahraS., & WardaniD. D. R. (2023). Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Tanaman Bunga Terompet Emas (Allamanda cathartica L.) terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes Aegypti. JURNAL BIOSENSE, 6(02), 131 - 145. https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v6i02.3207
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