LITERATURE REVIEW ETNOBOTANI: POLA PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN OBAT OLEH MASYARAKAT ADAT

Syalsa Nadya Zahara; Reki Kardiman

doi:10.36526/biosense.v9i3.8202

Authors

Syalsa Nadya Zahara Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
Reki Kardiman Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v9i3.8202

Keywords:

ethnobotany; local wisdom; indigenous peoples; traditional medicine; medicinal plants

Abstract

The use of medicinal plants by indigenous people is a form of local wisdom that is still preserved today. Indonesia's high biodiversity contributes to the development of traditional knowledge in the use of plants as natural remedies. This review article aims to analyze patterns of medicinal plant use by indigenous people, identify the most commonly used plant species, and understand how they are processed and utilized in traditional medicine. The method used was a literature review of various national and international scientific articles obtained through Google Scholar and ScienceDirect using the keywords "ethnobotany of medicinal plants," "use of medicinal plants by indigenous peoples," and "medicinal plant ethnobotany."The review results indicate that indigenous peoples utilize various types of medicinal plants found in their yards, gardens, and forests. The most commonly used plant part is the leaf, while the dominant processing methods include boiling, pounding, and direct application. Medicinal plants are generally used to treat ailments such as fever, diarrhea, hypertension, coughs, digestive disorders, and skin diseases.Based on the analysis, it is clear that the use of medicinal plants not only plays a role in maintaining public health but also reflects the relationship of local culture and knowledge to the environment. Therefore, efforts are needed to document, preserve, and develop ethnobotanical research so that traditional knowledge regarding medicinal plants is maintained and can be utilized sustainably.

References

Adriadi, A., Albayudi, & Budilaksono, T. (2023). Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Pada Masyarakat Desa Teluk Rendah di Kecamatan Tebo Ilir Kabupaten Tebo. Jurnal Biotek, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.24252/jb.v11i2.37242

Albuquerque, U. P., Lucena, R. F. P. de, & Cunha, L. V. F. C. da. (2014). Methods and Techniques in Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology.

Anoor, M. P., Yuniarti, & Lusyiani. (2025). Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat oleh Masyarakat Desa Binawara Kecamatan Kusan Hulu Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu. Jurnal Sylva Scienteae, 8(2), 266–274.

Aziz, M. A., Khan, A. H., & Adnan, M. (2018). Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants Reported by Indigenous Communities of Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 198, 268–281.

Aziz, M. A., Khan, A. H., Adnan, M., & Ullah, H. (2018). Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants Reported by the Indigenous Communities and Local Herbal Practitioners of Bajaur Agency, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 198, 268–281.

Azizah, N. N., Ardiyansyah, F., & Nurchayati, N. (2019). Studi Etnobotani Dan Upaya Konservasi Tanaman Yang Digunakan Sebagai Pengobatan Tradisional Perawatan Wanita Di Suku Using Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Biosense, 2(2), 31–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v2i02.962

Banurea, A., Susilo, F., Nasution, J., Rahmiati, & Riyanto. (2025). Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat oleh Etnis Melayu di Desa Bagan Percut, Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi UMA (JIBIOMA), 7(2), 120–133.

Cotton, C. M. (1996). Ethnobotany: Principles and Applications. John Wiley and Sons.

Cunningham, A. B. (2001). Applied Ethnobotany: People, Wild Plant Use and Conservation. Earthscan Publications.

Dewantari, R., Lestari, D. A., & Parwata, I. M. O. A. (2018). Jenis tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional di Desa Trunyan Kecamatan Kintamani Kabupaten Bangli. Jurnal Bumi Lestari, 18(1), 1–10.

Ekor, M. (2014). The Growing Use of Herbal Medicines: Issues Relating to Adverse Reactions and Challenges in Monitoring Safety. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 4, 177. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00177

Fabricant, D. S., & Farnsworth, N. R. (2001). The Value of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine for Drug Discovery. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(Suppl 1), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.01109s169

Febrianto, H. (2022). Merawat Tradisi Mempertahankan Eksistensi: Studi Etnobotani Tanaman Obat Suku Osing Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Biosense, 05(2), 100–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v5i2.2242

Giday, M., Asfaw, Z., & Woldu, Z. (2009a). Medicinal Plants of the Meinit Ethnic Group of Ethiopia: An Ethnobotanical Study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 124(3), 513–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.009

Giday, M., Asfaw, Z., & Woldu, Z. (2009b). Medicinal Plants of the Meinit Ethnic Group of Ethiopia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 124(3), 513–521.

Hafsah, Panu, R. H., Jasruddin, Harlina, & Haeruddin, H. (2024). Kajian Etnobotani Tanaman Obat Tradisional oleh Masyarakat Desa Lappa Upang Kecamatan Mare Kabupaten Bone sebagai Sumber Belajar Etnobotani dalam Bentuk Modul. Jurnal Guru Membangun, 43(2), 63–71.

Hamilton, A. C. (2004). Medicinal Plants, Conservation and Livelihoods. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13(8), 1477–1517. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOC.0000021333.23413.42

Heinrich, M., Edwards, S., Moerman, D. E., & Leonti, M. (2009). Ethnopharmacological Field Studies: A Critical Assessment. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 124(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.032

Hidayat, M., & Nusirwan. (2024). Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Masyarakat Desa Lawe Cimanok Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Life Science, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.15294/unnesjlifesci.v14.i2.34584

Hidayat, S., Nurhayati, E., & Rahmawati, D. (2023). Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat oleh Masyarakat Lokal di Indonesia. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(2), 145–156.

Hidayati, N. L. D., Alifiar, I., & Nurhasanah. (2025). Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Masyarakat Desa Mekarmulya Kecamatan Pamarican Kabupaten Ciamis BT - Prosiding Seminar Nasional Diseminasi (Vol. 2, pp. 204–213).

Huda, M., Sulistiyowati, T. I., Primandiri, P. R., & Santoso, A. M. (2022). Kajian Etnobotani Tanaman Obat di Desa Jugo Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri BT - Seminar Nasional Sains, Kesehatan, dan Pembelajaran (SINKESJAR) (pp. 493–502).

Junaidi, M., Arhafna, C. H., Zuhra, D. A., & Pandia, E. S. (2023). Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Liar yang Berpotensi sebagai Tanaman Obat Pada Suku Tamiang Di Desa Tangsi Lama Kecamatan Seruway. Jurnal Biosense, 06(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v6i01.2010

Khotima, K., Nurchayati, N., & Ridho, R. (2018). Studi Etnobotani Tanaman Berkhasiat Obat Berbasis Pengetahuan Lokal Masyarakat Suku Osing Di Kecamatan Licin Banyuwangi. Jurnal Biosense, 1(1), 36–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v4i01.1426

Khumairoh, S. L., Syalindri, D. R., Putri, S. A., Pitaloka, K. A. W., Muhaimi, F. G., & Mahanal, S. (2026). Kajian Etnobotani Tanaman Obat Oleh Masyarakat Desa Jatikerto Kecamatan Kromengan Malang. Jurnal Biosense, 9(1), 195–209. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v9i1.6878

Liliyanti, M., Yusro, F., & Mariani, Y. (2021). Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional oleh Masyarakat Sekitar Hutan. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 9(3), 411–420.

Maretta, G., Fitmawati, & Sofiyanti, N. (2023). Studi Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat pada Masyarakat Adat di Indonesia. Jurnal Biospecies, 16(1), 45–56.

Martin, G. J. (2014). Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual. Routledge.

Nasution, J., Riyanto, & Gaol, M. L. (2021). Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Etnis Batak Toba di Desa Sipituhuta Kecamatan Pollung, Kabupaten Humbang Hasudutan, Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Biologi Papua, 13(2), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.31957/jbp.1646

Nisak, K., & Munawarah, S. (2025). Modernisasi dan Pelestarian Pengetahuan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Masyarakat Adat. Jurnal Etnobiologi Indonesia, 8(1), 25–37.

Nurchayati, N., & Ardiyansyah, F. (2018). Kajian Etnobotani Tanaman Famili Zingiberaceae Pada Masyarakat Suku Using Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Biosense, 1(1), 24–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v4i01.1426

Nurchayati, N., & As’ari, H. (2021). Studi Inventarisasi Ragam Tanaman Obat Keluarga Di Dusun Umbulrejo Desa Bagorejo Kecamatan Srono Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Biosense, 04(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v4i01.1426

Organization, W. H. (2019). WHO Global Report on Traditional and Complementary Medicine. World Health Organization.

Pangemanan, E. F. S., Saroinsong, F. B., Sumakud, M. Y. M. A., Ratag, S. P., & Kalangi, J. I. (2024). Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Oleh Masyarakat Bolaang Mongondow. Bios Logos, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.v14i3.58390

Pieroni, A., Nebel, S., & Quave, C. (2002). Ethnopharmacology and Traditional Knowledge Conservation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89, 221–244.

Ribeiro, R. V., Bieski, I. G. V., Balogun, S. O., & Martins, D. T. O. (2017). Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by Ribeirinhos in the North Araguaia Microregion, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 205, 69–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.023

Ribeiro, R. V, Bieski, I. G. C., Balogun, S. O., & Martins, D. T. O. (2017). Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used in Mato Grosso Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 205, 69–102.

Safniyeti, Astuti, R. R. S., Fatimatuzzahra, Kasrina, & Nugraha, F. (2025). Studi Etnobotani: Inventarisasi dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat di Desa Pelabai Kabupaten Lebong, Provinsi Bengkulu. Journal of Natural Sciences, 6(2), 177–187.

Safwan, M. (2008). Etnobotani dan Hubungan Manusia dengan Tumbuhan. Penebar Swadaya.

Silalahi, M., Nisyawati, Walujo, E. B., & Supriatna, J. (2015). Local Knowledge of Medicinal Plants in Indonesia: A Review. Biodiversitas, 16(2), 291–300.

Soekarman, & Riswan, S. (1992). Etnobotani Nusantara. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.

Susanti, E. D., Nurchayati, N., Ardiyansyah, F., Kurnia, T. I. D., & Anam, K. (2024). Studi Etnobotani Keanekaragaman Tanaman Pangan Sebagai Referensi Ketahanan Pangan Masyarakat Using Banyuwangi. Jurnal Biosense, 7(1), 104–112. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v7i01.3848

Syam, A. S., Ramadhani, N. O., Inayah, I., & Nuraeni, E. (2026). Kajian Literatur: Inventarisasi Dan Penggunaan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Di Indonesi. Jurnal Biosense, 9(1), 109–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v9i1.6814

Tan, A. Y., Syamsiah, & Hiola, S. F. (2022). Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Masyarakat Etnis Buton. Jurnal Biotek, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.24252/jb.v10i1.28753

Tugume, P. (2016). Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plant Species Used Around Mabira Forest Reserve. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 12, 5.

Tugume, P., Nyakoojo, C., Ethan, B., & Mukasa, S. (2016). Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Communities Around Mabira Central Forest Reserve, Uganda. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 12(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0077-4

Umair, M., Altaf, M., & Abbasi, A. M. (2017a). An Ethnobotanical Survey of Indigenous Medicinal Plants in Hafizabad District, Punjab-Pakistan. PLoS ONE, 12(6), e0177912. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177912

Umair, M., Altaf, M., & Abbasi, A. M. (2017b). Ethnobotanical Survey of Indigenous Medicinal Plants in Punjab Pakistan. PLoS ONE, 12(6), e0177912.

Umami, R., As’ari, H., & Kurnia, T. I. D. (2019). Identifikasi Jenis Tanaman Bermanfaat sebagai Bahan Bangunan dan Kerajinan Suku Using Kabupaten Banyuwangi Ditinjau dari Segi Etnobotani. Jurnal Biosene, 2(2), 46–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v2i02.963

Zulharman, & Noeryoko, M. (2019). Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Masyarakat Andongrejo Taman Nasional Meru Betiri. Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.37630/jpi.v10i1.174