Syngas as An Alternative Fuel for Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engines: A Systematic Review
Abstract
The transition to low-carbon energy is driving the development of alternative fuels to replace fossil fuels in spark-ignition engines. One potential candidate is syngas from biomass gasification, given its lower carbon emissions. This study aims to compile a comprehensive synthesis of the use of syngas as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines, using the Systematic Literature Review method, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The results show that syngas quality is influenced by the type of gasifier, gasification agent, and operating parameters, with downdraft fixed-bed gasifiers being the most optimal technology. The use of syngas can improve combustion stability and thermal efficiency, but reduces power and torque by 15–35% in spark-ignition engines. With proper gas quality optimization and engine calibration, syngas can be an efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ainun Huda Gimnastiar, Andi Sanata, Danang Yudistiro, Nasrul Ilminnafik, Agus Triono, Imam Sholahuddin, Dani Hari Tunggal Prasetiyo
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