PENGARUH UMUR TAMBAK TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR PADA SISTEM BUDIDAYA IKAN KAKAP PUTIH Lates calcarifer DI PT SURI TANI PEMUKA BANYUWANGI
Keywords:
Tambak; Kualitas air; Lates calcarifer; AmmoniumAbstract
Kualitas air merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan keberhasilan budidaya ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer), terutama pada sistem tambak yang digunakan dalam jangka waktu berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh umur tambak terhadap kualitas air pada sistem budidaya ikan kakap putih di PT Suri Tani Pemuka Banyuwangi. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga petak tambak dengan umur berbeda, yaitu 8 bulan (26B), 14 bulan (29B), dan 2 tahun (A20). Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan satu kali setiap bulan selama Oktober–Desember 2025. Parameter yang diamati meliputi salinitas, pH, ammonium (NH₄), nitrat (NO₃), nitrit (NO₂), fosfat (PO₄), dan oxidation reduction potential (ORP). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan nilai rata-rata setiap parameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur tambak memengaruhi beberapa parameter kualitas air, terutama ammonium, fosfat, dan ORP. Konsentrasi ammonium meningkat dari 19,67 mg/L pada tambak berumur 8 bulan menjadi 20,82 mg/L pada tambak berumur 2 tahun, sedangkan fosfat meningkat dari 1,98 ppm menjadi 3,12 ppm. Sebaliknya, nilai ORP mengalami penurunan dari 201,33 mV menjadi 190,33 mV seiring bertambahnya umur tambak. Parameter salinitas dan pH relatif stabil, sedangkan nitrat dan nitrit menunjukkan variasi tanpa pola yang konsisten. Peningkatan ammonium dan fosfat serta penurunan ORP mengindikasikan adanya akumulasi bahan organik dan nutrien pada tambak yang lebih tua. Secara umum, kualitas air masih berada dalam kisaran yang mendukung budidaya ikan kakap putih, namun pengelolaan kualitas air perlu dilakukan secara berkelanjutan untuk mencegah penurunan kondisi lingkungan budidaya.
Abstract
Water quality is a crucial factor determining the success of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) aquaculture, particularly in ponds that have been operated for different periods. This study aimed to analyze the effect of pond age on water quality in an Asian seabass farming system at PT Suri Tani Pemuka, Banyuwangi. The research was conducted in three culture ponds with different ages: 8 months (26B), 14 months (29B), and 2 years (A20). Water samples were collected monthly from October to December 2025. The observed parameters included salinity, pH, ammonium (NH₄), nitrate (NO₃), nitrite (NO₂), phosphate (PO₄), and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). Data were analyzed descriptively using the mean values of each parameter. The results showed that pond age influenced several water quality parameters, particularly ammonium, phosphate, and ORP. Ammonium concentration increased from 19.67 mg/L in the 8-month-old pond to 20.82 mg/L in the 2-year-old pond, while phosphate concentration increased from 1.98 ppm to 3.12 ppm. In contrast, ORP decreased from 201.33 mV to 190.33 mV as pond age increased. Salinity and pH remained relatively stable among ponds, whereas nitrate and nitrite exhibited variable values without a consistent pattern. The increase in ammonium and phosphate concentrations, along with the decline in ORP, indicates the accumulation of organic matter and nutrients in older ponds. Overall, water quality remained within a range suitable for Asian seabass culture; however, continuous water quality management is necessary to prevent environmental deterioration and ensure sustainable aquaculture production.
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