MYCOGENIC NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS: EXPLORING ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS, OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES, AND ADVANCED MULTI-SECTORAL INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Angga Prasetyo; Rasmiyana Rasmiyana

doi:10.36526/biosense.v9i4.9201

Authors

Angga Prasetyo Politeknik Negeri Jember
Rasmiyana Rasmiyana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v9i4.9201

Keywords:

fungi, fungal-mediated synthesis, mycogenic nanoparticle, nanobiotechnology, fungal biotechnology

Abstract

Recent advances in nanobiotechnology have promoted the development of fungal-mediated nanoparticle synthesis as a sustainable alternative to conventional physical and chemical methods. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of fungi as biofactories for the synthesis of mycogenic nanoparticles, with emphasis on synthesis components, production conditions, and multi-sectoral application. A literature search was conducted using scientific databases to identify original open-access articles published between 2021 and 2026. After applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were selected for qualitative analysis. Fungi provide an efficient platform for nanoparticle production because they secrete extracellular enzymes, proteins, polysaccharides, and secondary metabolites that function as natural reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. The physicochemical properties of mycogenic nanoparticles are influenced by reaction parameters such as pH, temperature, precursor concentration, and cultivation conditions. The incorporation of natural biopolymers, including chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose, further improves nanoparticle stability and biological activity. Mycogenic nanoparticles have demonstrated broad potential in agriculture, food systems, environmental, and biomedicine through their antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, biofungicidal, wastewater treatment, and active food packaging application. However, several challenges remain, including limited knowledge of fungal synthesis mechanisms, large-scale production, and nanoparticle stability and biosafety. Future research should improve the understanding of fungal metabolism, optimize fermentation process, standardize synthesis methods, and evaluate safety through in vivo studies.

Keywords: Fungi; Fungal-mediated synthesis; Mycogenic nanoparticle; Nanobiotechnology; Fungal biotechnology

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