STUDI LITERATUR: PEMANFAATAN GAHARU (Aquilaria spp.) DI KALIMANTAN BARAT

Abstract

Gaharu (Aquilaria spp.) merupakan salah satu Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK) bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang memiliki potensi besar di Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji berbagai bentuk pemanfaatan gaharu (Aquilaria spp.) di Kalimantan Barat melalui metode studi literatur. Kajian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis artikel ilmiah terbitan tahun 2016-2026 dari berbagai database seperti Google Scholar, Publish or Perish, SINTA, dan ScienceDirect secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan gaharu di Kalimantan Barat mencakup konservasi ex situ, pengobatan tradisional masyarakat Dayak, serta pengembangan produk hilir berbasis daun seperti teh herbal. Gaharu tersebar di berbagai tipe habitat mulai dari dataran rendah hingga perbukitan dengan ketinggian 116-442 m dpl, pH tanah 4,5-6,1, kelembaban tanah 28-70%, serta suhu udara rata-rata malam hari 22–28°C dan siang hari 30-33°C. Pola penyebarannya umumnya ditemukan pada hutan dataran rendah lahan kering hingga hutan perbukitan dengan topografi bergelombang hingga curam. Pola pemanfaatan gaharu mulai bergeser dari eksploitasi kayu resin ke arah yang lebih berkelanjutan melalui pemanfaatan daun yang kaya akan flavonoid dan antioksidan. Pengelolaan terpadu yang menyeimbangkan aspek ekonomi, konservasi, dan kearifan lokal sangat diperlukan agar sumber daya gaharu di Kalimantan Barat dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan berkelanjutan.

Abstract

Agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) is one of the most valuable Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) with significant potential in West Kalimantan. This study aimed to examine the various forms of agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) utilization in West Kalimantan through a literature review approach. The study was conducted by collecting and analyzing scientific articles published between 2016 and 2026 from several databases, including Google Scholar, Publish or Perish, SINTA, and ScienceDirect, using a descriptive qualitative method. The results of the review indicate that the utilization of agarwood in West Kalimantan includes ex situ conservation, traditional medicinal use by the Dayak community, and the development of downstream products derived from agarwood leaves, such as herbal tea. Agarwood is distributed across various habitat types ranging from lowlands to hilly areas at elevations of 116-442 meters above sea level, with soil pH ranging from 4.5-6.1, soil moisture levels of 28-70%, and average air temperatures of 22-28°C at night and 30-33°C during the day. Its distribution pattern is generally found in dry lowland forests to hilly forests with undulating to steep topography. The pattern of agarwood utilization has gradually shifted from resin wood exploitation toward more sustainable practices through the use of leaves rich in flavonoids and antioxidants. Integrated management that balances economic aspects, conservation efforts, and local wisdom is essential to ensure that agarwood resources in West Kalimantan can be utilized optimally and sustainably.